...Secondary Data Sources Slide 1 Before conducting a marketing research study, it’s best to consult secondary sources to both inform that study or perhaps to provide the data that would have been duplicated by that study, but at far less cost. Slide 2 Fortunately, there are many resource people, such as librarians, to help with secondary data searches. You’re probably familiar with conducting internet searches using sources such as Google or Yahoo or perhaps a different search engine altogether. You’re also probably familiar with using library databases and searching those as well. There are many non-computerized sources of secondary information and there may be computerized sources with which you’re unfamiliar or unknowledgeable about accessing. Librarians and library personnel are effective in helping you to identify and successfully access that type of information. Slide 3 What do marketing researchers mean when they speak about secondary data? Secondary data is data gathered and recorded by someone else prior to and for a purpose other than the current project. Such data is often historical, already assembled, and needs no access to study participants. Slide 4 Databases of secondary data come in four flavors: bibliographic, numeric, directory, and full text. For bibliographic sources, think in terms of bibliographies or listings; although not self-contained sources, they provide listings of possible sources for further query. Numeric sources contain numbers; for example...
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...ANDSECONDARY DATA We explore the availability and use of data (primary and secondary) in the field of business research.Specifically, we examine an international sample of doctoral dissertations since 1998, categorizingresearch topics, data collection, and availability of data. Findings suggest that use of only primarydata pervades the discipline, despite strong methodological reasons to augment with secondary data.IBRAHIM NAVEENReg. No. IPHRM 5001Diploma in Human Resource Management Batch 01INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT * 2. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY DATA CONTENTSINTRODUCTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 02IMPORTANCE OF DATA AND DATA COLLECTION --------------------------------- 02DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES ------------------------------------------------------- 02PRIMARY DATA ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 03IMPORTANCE OF PRIMARY DATA ------------------------------------------------------- 03SOURCES OF PRIMARY DATA -------------------------------------------------------------- 04ADVANTAGES OF PRIMARY RESEARCH ----------------------------------------------- 05DISADVANTAGES OF PRIMARY RESEARCH ------------------------------------------ 07SECONDARY DATA ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 08IMPORTANCE OF SECONDARY DATA --------------------------------------------------- 08SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA ---------------------------------------------------------...
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...2 Define the distinctions between primary, secondary, and tertiary sources in a secondary search. The best way to distinct between the sources of secondary research is to define each. Primary sources are those that are direct and un-interpreted records of a subject that you are researching. A primary source can be just about anything such as books, artifacts, or even patents. Secondary sources are ones that build on primary sources. Analyzing, interpreting, and assessing primary information are examples of secondary. Tertiary sources are ones which present summaries of the current state of research topics. Some examples are dictionaries, web sites, or almanacs. The distinction between these can differ between subjects of research. If the subject for research was humanities then an example of a primary source would be letters by Martin Luther King. A secondary source could be a web site of his writings and finally the tertiary source could be an encyclopedia on the civil rights movement. 3 What problems of secondary data quality must researchers face? How can they deal with them? Using secondary data can sometimes cause problems. Although it can be quicker and sometimes cost effective there is always a chance of running in to these issues. The most cautious of these issues the researcher must be aware of is the reliability of the source. If the researcher were to sit in a meeting and take notes of a subject then they would be completely sure of the content of the notes...
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...primary, secondary, and tertiary sources in a secondary search. Primary sources are original pieces of information. It is raw data without any input or hypothesis from outside sources. Secondary sources are interpretations of a primary data source, or anything that is derived from a primary source. Tertiary sources are in turn interpretations of any secondary resources, or any data that is derived from a secondary resource. Question #5 - Some researchers find that their sole sources are secondary data. Why might this be? Name some management questions for which secondary data sources are probably the only ones feasible. There are certain researchers who find secondary data as their sole source of data because; by using secondary data much of the original research has already been completed. Using secondary data is useful in saving time and resources while gathering information. It can also be the only source of information when the only primary information which exists is proprietary information which is not accessible to the public. Historical data can also play a factor if the data being researched is of historical nature, and there is not any original primary data that exists anymore. Question #7 - What problems of secondary data quality must researchers face? How can they deal with them? There can be multiple problems with secondary data quality. One of the challenges with secondary data would be trusting the original research. When working with secondary data...
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...counting the number of nouns in short clips I will be able to determine if this theory is plausible. Theorist, Elizabeth Spelke said that of the nouns children know, the majority will be concrete nouns as they are logical and relate to objects they can see, hear, smell, feel and taste. By further exploring the types of nouns used by the children I aim to establish a link between both theories and see if they are still credible in today’s society. Methodology I am using an extract from ‘The Secret Life of Four Year Olds’, in order to use a non-biased selection. I will extract data to record the number of times in the running time of the programme the children use nouns compared to the number of words spoken. This quantitative approach will produce a solid basis from which I can further analyse the use of language in a statistical manner. However, when finally analysing these results, as this form of data collection is not contextualised and therefore will not show any of the more subtle language used by children. I also intend to compare the types of nouns used as a qualitative comparison. This investigation will help me conclude if Nelson and Spelke’s theories are...
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...2 and 3 Question 2 - Define the distinctions between primary, secondary, and tertiary sources in a secondary search. Primary sources are data that has not been interpreted and are the original research performed. These sources are from the source of the information. The data given from a primary source has not been translated into information by another person. Primary sources are the source of the data given. Many books of law are primary sources. A court transcript would be a primary source for an appealed case. Secondary sources have been interpreted from primary data. School textbooks are an example of a secondary source because the authors gathered the information from many primary sources. They translated that data too this secondary source. Almost all research found falls into secondary sources category. Most information on the Internet has been translated from a primary source. Tertiary sources take secondary sources and interpret them. These can be guides, timelines, and almanacs. They have condensed primary and secondary sources to create an index. Bibliographies are also an example of a tertiary source. Question 3 - What problems of secondary data quality must researchers face? How can they deal with them? There are five problems of secondary data quality: Purpose, scope, authority, audience, and format. When evaluating purpose of a secondary source a research must discover why this data exist. The researcher must also evaluate if the research is relevant...
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...to give students an opportunity to organize their research in a useful manner and to provide the blueprint for the final research paper. Further, outlining your paper will help you gain a better understanding of your ideas by arranging them according to their interrelationships. If, in this planning stage, you carefully arrange your ideas, it will provide a basic structure for the body of your paper, and make the job of writing your paper much easier. Submitting an Outline Students are expected to accomplish four tasks in the Final Draft: * draw on the Topic Page to state your thesis * analyze the primary evidence in three paragraphs; * compare the information you provide in your analysis of the primary sources with the secondary sources; and * offer a thoughtful conclusion. Narrowing the Topic After you have selected a topic of interest to you, an important task will be to narrow that topic. Probably the most common mistake in writing a review paper (besides procrastination) is to try to write about a topic that is too broad. For example, the topic of discrimination has generated a multitude of court cases and articles. These studies cover a range of issues such as male, female and national origin. To try to write a 10-page review paper about any one of these areas, let alone all of them, would be next to impossible. It would be better to narrow this topic to make it...
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...considered to be best-in-class. This in turn can help in developing a framework. Goal of the Study: Evaluation of PMI through benchmarking with other Maharatna in-house training institutes. Objectives: Benchmarking PMI with respect to; 1. Infrastructure; 2. Faculty members; 3. Supporting staff; 4. Number of participants trained in the last year; 5. Course fees per participant per day and revenue thereby; 6. Future plan (expansion & diversification) Methodology: Data will be collected from secondary as well as primary sources. Secondary source data will be mainly related to the following aspects: * Permanent faculty profile of the institute; * Training programs; * Companies’ HRD initiatives; * Methodology related to benchmarking; and * Literature on different frameworks for development of training institutes. Primary source data will be collected through observation, informal discussion and case studies (if case leads are found) these data will be collected from the in-house training institutes of the six Maharatna companies mentioned below. In-house...
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...limitations of a range of sources of information both primary and secondary, for small scale public services projects. The source's used in the collection of data for a research project or investigation are of vital importance. Characterised as primary and secondary, a good range will provide more information needed to aid decision making. However it is important to note that it can some time's be difficult to distinguish whether the information is primary or secondary. In this essay point's will be made regarding the advantage's and disadvantage's of a number of sources both primary and secondary. Their limitations will be addressed, and an explanation of how data collected during research can help in the decision making process and help organisation's meet their objective's. Ethics will be considered throughout. The actual, origanal or physical materials used in the study of an object, person or particular event in time are known as sources. They are paramount to investigation and are commonly known as primary and secondary sources. A primary source is a physical object or first hand testimony created during the time under-study, an example could be a diary, a piece of writing or photograph. These sources are unique and one of a kind, and could be a copy of the original if they existed during the time of creation. ''Primary research involves the study of a subject through first hand observation and investigation.'' Dawson, (2007,47). Primary sources are great for research...
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...1.0 Introduction Risk is the element of uncertainty or possibility of loss that prevail in any business transaction in any place, in any mode and at any time. In the financial arena, enterprise risks can be broadly categorized as Credit Risk, Operational Risk, Market Risk and Other Risk. Credit risk is the possibility that a borrower or counter party will fail to meet agreed obligations. Globally, more than 50% of total risk elements in banks and Financial Institutions are Credit Risk alone. Thus managing credit risk for efficient management of a Financial Institutions has gradually become the most crucial task. Credit Appraisal is a process to ascertain the risks associated with the extention of the credit facility. It is generally carried by the financial institutions which are involved in providing financial funding to its customers. Credit risk is a risk related to non repayment of the credit obtained by the customer of a bank. Thus it is necessary to appraise the credibility of the customer in order to mitigate the credit risk. Corporate and small & Medium Enterprise (SME) plays a pivotal role in the economic growth and development of a country. Actually, they work as the platform for job creation, income generation, and development of forward and backward industrial linkages and fulfillment of local social needs. The credit appraisal process for Corporate and SME Division evaluate the creditworthiness of the respectivee client and helps in identification, measurement...
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...A DISCUSSION ON RANGE OF DECISIONS TO BE TAKEN (AC1.1) Many may start a business as natural-born entrepreneurs with good ideas which might later turn into a good investment. Many people have reasons of wanting to create their own business, as some seek to make more money, some may look at having a flexibility in life and others may consider having their own business due to job loses. In this context, will assume, due to the many years of experiences and skills that has been acquired as a manager for a large multinational chain business enhances the need to own a business and make money by implementing those skills has be necessary. Owning a business can provide more reward in life, but requires careful planning to succeed, therefore the need to take into account certain decisions for the business to function to be able to reach it's targeted audience for market niche. “organisations need a great many decisions to be made. Decisions are required so that an organisation can function,adapt,progress and take advantage of opportunities and overcome crisis”(Jennings&Wattam,decision making,1994,1998,pge2) In a proposed given managerial activities in a production environment are three major concepts, that needs to be implemented for a successful function in a business and these are know as, strategic planning, tactical planning and operational planning. Strategic (or long-term) decisions is of relevance to production area with importance to interactions with other functional...
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...Contents Introduction 3 Information 3 Written information 3 Images 3 Verbal Information 3 Multimedia information 3 Diagrammatical (Flowchart) information 3 Symbolic information 3 Statistical information 3 Data 4 Information VS Data 4 Quantitative Data 4 Qualitative Data 4 Quantitative Data Vs Qualitative Data 4 Primary Data 4 Secondary Data 4 Primary Vs Secondary sources of information 4 Internal Information 4 External Information 4 Internal vs. External Information 4 Purpose of information 5 Operational support 5 Analysis 5 Decision making 5 Marketing and sales 5 Communication 5 Flow 5 Analysis of Information 6 Decision Making 6 Gaining Advantage 6 Sources of Information 7 Sales department 7 Finance 7 Marketing 7 Operational support 7 Production 7 Human resources 7 Research and Development 7 Administration 7 Purchasing 7 Bibliography 8 Introduction This report is about the different departments within a business and describes what each department’s role is within an organisation. This report also explains the different types of information and shows how each department within an organisation uses information to help with its role for the business. Information Information is data that has been processed in a way so that it can be meaningful towards anyone who receives it. Information is usually accurate and specific, because of this; it can lead people into understanding things better and being certain...
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...[pic] University of Information Technology & Sciences (UITS) A Term Paper On How to build a computer Submitted By: Submitted To: Instructor Name : Md.Arif Rana Sr. Lecturer, School of Business, UITS. Submission Date: 13th December 2010 Letter of Transmittal 06 April, 2010 Md.Arif Rana Sr. Lecturer, School of Business. UNIVERSITY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES Subject: Application for accepting term paper on How to build a computer. Dear Sir, We have the pleasure to submit here with the term paper titled “How to build a computer” as a requirement for our Fundamental of computer(CSE101). Based on discussion and survey, we have incorporated the necessary materials to finalize that term paper. We are particularly grateful to Md.Arif Rana (Sr. lecturer, School of Business) for his co-operation in helping us to achieve our purpose. We also acknowledge our gratitude to those persons who have helped us and passed their valuable comments on the draft term paper. If you need assistance in interpreting this term paper please contact us at any time. Sincerely yours...
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...d. More than One interviewer and more than one interviewee 4. What is presented in the findings section of a research report? a. A discussion of the results b. The quantitative or qualitative data that was collected c. The theoretical foundations for the research study d. The methods that were used to collect the data 5. The abstract of the report: a. Is usually written before the rest of the report. b. Provides a snapshot of the major section of the entire report. c. Serves as the introduction to the report, with a focus on the background for the research. d. Is usually several pages in length. 6. Recommendations should be based on: a. Findings b. Assumptions c. Introduction d. Literature review 7. Which of these software packages is most commonly used in presentations? a. Powerpoint b. Nvivo c. Excel d. Mindmanager 8. Generally speaking, the best time to begin the literature review in a specific research project is a. After the research problem has been clearly articulated. b. After the data have been collected, but before they are analyzed. Based on personal preference; there is no single best time. c. Before or during the formulation of the research problem. 9. What research is? a. A lab experiment b. a report c. a systematic enquiry d. a procedure 10. ___________ are the sources, which are the least...
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...University of Dhaka Department of Banking & Insurance Submission of Internship Report Topics Proposal Submitted To: Mr. Aftab Uddin Mahmud Chowdhury Lecturer Department Of Banking & Insurance University of Dhaka Submitted By: Md. Tanvir Hasan ID: 15-088 Department of Banking & Insurance (15th Batch) Faculty of Business Studies University of Dhaka Date of Submission: 21/01/2013 January 21, 2013 Aftab Uddin Mahmud Chowdhury Lecturer Department of Banking & Insurance University of Dhaka. Sub: Submission of the Topics proposal of Internship Report. Dear Sir, At first accept my heartiest honor. I am Md. Tanvir Hasan (ID: 15-088), student of Department of Banking and Insurance. You have assigned me to select some topics for the report of our internship program. Here are my internship report’s topics that I have submitted to you. Consequently, I am transmitting these topics of the report to your very concern. Hopefully, you will assign me one of the topics so that I can start preparing the report. In case of any further clarification or elaboration regarding these topics I would welcome the opportunity to consult with you. Sincerely yours, ____________ Md. Tanvir Hasan ID: 15-088 Department of Banking & Insurance University of Dhaka Selected Topics for Internship Report: Topic 1: Foreign Exchange Mechanism of Mercantile Bank limited. Objective of the Report...
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