...Executive Summary Liquidity management refers to meeting liquidity needs by using the outside sources of discretionary funds like government funds, discount window borrowings, repurchase agreements, certificates of deposits and other types of commercial borrowings. The major risk a bank runs is liquidity risk. Under any circumstances a bank has to honor its commitments. As a result, it has to make sure that enough liquidity is available to meet fund requirements in situations like liquidity crisis in the market, policy changes by central bank, a name problem of the bank etc. So, a bank’s balance sheet should have enough liquid assets for meeting contingencies. Here, I can introduce with the theoretical development of asset liability management from the different aspects of The City Bank Limited. Then I can show their policy and statements regarding to the managing their assets liabilities and then I have shown their liquidity analysis through the external analysis to assess their recent market condition. The whole analysis part is undergone from 2004 to 2008. In this analysis part I have analyzed different ratio related to liquidity management so that liquidity position of CBL can easily be assessed. Then I have shown the maturity model from 2004 to 2008. In this analysis CBL’s weighted average assets and liabilities are compared. Here we can see that except 2004 the bank’s assets’ weighted average maturity always higher than its weighted average liabilities’ maturity. Then...
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...Four Sector Economy Model What is GDP? : The gross domestic product (GDP) or gross domestic income (GDI) is a measure of a country's overall economic output. It is the market value of all final goods and services made within the borders of a country in a year. It is often positively correlated with the standard of living, though its use as a stand-in for measuring the standard of living has come under increasing criticism and many countries are actively exploring alternative measures to GDP for that purpose. GDP = private consumption + gross investment + government spending + (exports −imports), or [pic] Methods of computing GDP: There three types of methods of computing GDP; ➢ Production Method ➢ Income Method ➢ Expenditure Method Expenditure Method: This method can be explained by different types of economy sector model. E.g.: ➢ One sector economy model: Y = C ➢ Two sector economy model: Y = C+S = C + I ➢ Three sector economy model: Y = C + I+ G ➢ Four sector economy model: Y = C+ I +G + NX Where, Y = National Income C = Consumption I = Investment G = Government NX= Net Export. Four Sector economy model: In four sector economy model national income is measured by adding consumption, investment, government expenditure & net export Y = C+ I +G + NX Assumption: The basic circular flow of income model consists of following...
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...remittance flows. • A stable macroeconomic environment and dynamic private sector have helped increase GDP to nearly $120 billion in Fiscal Year 2012 (from July 1, 2011 –June 30, 2012) with $33.3 billion in imports and $24 billion in exports. • The IMF estimated that real GDP growth declined slightly from 6.7 percent in FY 2011 to 6.3 percent in FY 2011 while inflation fell from 10.2 percent to 8.7 percent for the same periods. • U.S. exports to Bangladesh increased by 2% from $864 million in FY 2011 to $887 million in FY 2012, while U.S. imports from Bangladesh rose 1% from $4.86 billion to $4.9 billion in the same periods. • Nearly ten million Bangladeshis, concentrated mainly in Dhaka and Chittagong, have annual incomes well in excess of $10,000, offering a sizable market for a wide range of goods and services. • Bangladesh’s garment industry currently produces roughly 80 percent of the country’s exports. Garment exports have expanded steadily since 1990 despite chronic energy shortages, infrastructure constraints, occasional labor unrest and periods of weakening global demand. • With a workforce growing by roughly 2 million per year and one of the world’s lowest wage rates, Bangladesh has an opportunity to replicate its success in ready-made garment production by developing other labor-intensive industries. • The rapid growth of Bangladesh’s garment industry and increasing investment in energy sector projects have created growing opportunities for U.S. exports of machinery...
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...Martin Neil Baily Douglas J. Elliott The Brookings Institution July 11, 2013 The Role of Finance in the Economy: Implications for Structural Reform of the Financial Sector Executive Summary The U.S. financial system is critical to the functioning of the economy as a whole and banks are central to the financial system. In addition to providing substantial employment, finance serves three main purposes: Credit provision. Credit fuels economic activity by allowing businesses to invest beyond their cash on hand, households to purchase homes without saving the entire cost in advance, and governments to smooth out their spending by mitigating the cyclical pattern of tax revenues and to invest in infrastructure projects. Banks directly provide a substantial amount of credit in the U.S., but, unlike in almost any other economy, financial markets are the ultimate providers of most credit. Liquidity provision. Businesses and households need to have protection against unexpected needs for cash. Banks are the main direct providers of liquidity, both through offering demand deposits that can be withdrawn any time and by offering lines of credit. Further, banks and their affiliates are at the core of the financial markets, offering to buy and sell securities and related products at need, in large volumes, with relatively modest transaction costs. This latter role is particularly important in the U.S., given the dominance of markets, but is often under-appreciated. Risk...
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...A TERM PAPER ON GST 111: USE OF ENGLISH TOPIC: THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE WRITTEN BY: UWEM, HOPE OKON REG NO. 08/BA/IN/022 DEPARTMENT OF INSURANCE FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SUBMITTED TO DR. MRS. DEPARTMENT OF FACULTY OF UNIVERSITY OF UYO, UYO AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA. FEBRUARY, 2012 1. INTRODUCTION All human societies have medical beliefs that provide explanations for birth, death, and disease. Throughout history, illness has been attributed to witchcraft, demons, astral influence, or the will of the gods. These ideas still retain some power, with faith healing and shrines still used in some places, although the rise of scientific medicine over the past millennium has altered or replaced mysticism in most cases. The ancient Egyptians had a system of medicine that was very advanced for its time and influenced later medical traditions. The Egyptians and Babylonians both introduced the concepts of diagnosis, prognosis, and medical examination. The Hippocratic Oath, still taken by doctors today, was written in Greece in the 5th century BCE, Horstmanshoff et al (2004:7). In the medieval era, surgical practices inherited from the ancient masters were improved and then systematized in Rogerius's The Practice of Surgery. During the Renaissance, understanding of anatomy improved, and the invention of the microscope would later lead to the germ theory of disease. These advancements, along with developments in chemistry, genetics...
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...Is the reliance on the financial sector an inherent weakness of the UK’s liberal market economy? The United Kingdom’s City is an internationally recognised financial centre. Given the predominance of the City, the UK’s economy finds itself accommodating to this active and volatile industry. Before discussing whether or not this reliance on the financial sector is an inherent weakness of the UK’s liberal market economy, two questions need to be explored: firstly, how liberal is the UK’s liberal market and; secondly, how reliant is it on its financial sector? This will be the focus of the first part of this essay and it concludes that with increasingly liberal policies becoming conventional wisdom in British politics, the continuing expansion of the financial sector is inevitable. The second part will analyse the consequences of the Financial Crisis and how the UK’s dependence on the financial sector is, within this context, a momentous drawback. However, the third part of this essay will explore the idea that although better regulation and governance is necessary, the UK should maintain its dominance in the financial sector as it has become inherent to British economic culture and offers comparative advantage over other economies. ________________ Political ideology and resulting policies are very influential in promoting or reducing the magnitude of certain economic sectors such as manufacturing, agriculture, mining or financial industries. The remarkable expansion of...
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...TASK 1: Describe how the Debt Collection Industry has evolved and evaluate the impact this sector has on the UK economy. The debt collection industry has evolved dramatically and it has a strong impact on the UK’s economy. One of the earliest examples of credit goes back to 1572 when moneylenders and pawnbrokers provided ‘survival’ credit however it was not until the late 19th century that instalment credit became available and this was the start of the debt collection industry. Initially the debt collection industry was local based field collectors who would make personal visits to overdue customers. ‘In the early days of merchandising, the proprietor was his own credit manager. His customers were not numerous, and he knew most of them personally. To each applicant of credit accommodation he applied a threefold test. Can he pay? Will he pay? When will he pay? If the answers to these questions were satisfactory, the customer got the goods and the charge went “on book.”’ (Effective collection Methods). The tactics employed at this stage were very much by way of threat and intimidation towards the debtor. These were the early days of debt collection therefore no legislation or guidelines were published therefore the debt collection industry really did work on ‘bullying tactics’ and even threat of exposure to other people and the threat of bankruptcy. However the evolution of tactics employed by the debt collection industry is only a recent change in comparison to the length...
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...Malaysian Economy 1.0 Introduction The article is about estimating total contribution of tourism to Malaysian economy. As impact effects of tourism are being realized by nations, it is now believed to stimulate the economic progress of developing economies and its importance in gaining widespread recognition, as such, Malaysia is no exception. With the immense growth of tourism, Malaysia has become one of the leading tourist destinations competing with other popular destinations of the global economy. Similar to many developing nations, tourism industry has become one of the most vital sectors, encourage the growth and development for Malaysian economy because of its competitive advantages. 2.0 Main Issues The ability to generate ripple effects by tourism makes it a performer of vital medium of foreign currency injection which has been drawing a significant attention for the economic development of developing countries. Developing economies are progressively relying on income streams from tourism while the traditional economic sectors have become less potential in contributing to GDP. The economic impacts of tourism are occurring in extensive latitude, within the evolution of the globalization process (Sugiyarto et al., 2003) that is, in turn, helping the acceleration of this industry’s expansion around the globe. In fact, direct, indirect, and induced multiplier effects are the causes that assist in expanding the contribution of tourism to an economy. The tourism...
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...| A study on Indian Economy – Past , Present, Future 1 Introduction to area of study India has come a long way in terms of economic growth. There is broad consensus that the global centre of economic growth is moving to Asia, and as a large emerging nation with a growing middle class, India has captured the attention of developed economies looking for new investment and trade opportunities. The Softer indicators of economy – aspirations, health, and literacy – are all registering discernible improvements. Over two decades, India has implemented wide-ranging reforms that opened up the economy, dismantled the old licensing system and introduced competition into a number of sectors that had previously been dominated by public monopolies. Now, we live in a generation of relative abundance. While for the Western world it is going to be a demographic winter, we in India with some effort should be reaping a demo- graphic dividend. It is an India full of goodies –better consumption and lifestyle are in attendance all around. From the past two decades, we saw the twists in its growth and also twist in political atmosphere. With 27 per cent of the economy stagnant, it is no surprise that overall growth in India has slipped below 6 per cent. We are referring to the industrial sector, which has recorded an insipid 0.4 per cent growth in the first five months of this fiscal year beginning April 2013. It needs no emphasis that without a turnaround in this sector, a material lift to India's...
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...SERVICE INDUSTRY IMPACT ON NATIONAL ECONOMIES Student’s Name Course code + name Professor’s name University City, State Date Introduction Service industry is a business category that involves the provision of services to other businesses or to final customers. Service industry has improved in the recent decades forming the backbone of several nations’ economies. The common service industries include tourism, computer services, entrepreneurship and accounting among many others. The growth of the service industry has been reflected in several economic platforms. For instance, the current list of Fortune 500 companies has more service companies on it compared to manufacturing companies (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2015). In addition, the old product oriented business tradition has been replaced by a service-product continuum. This business revolution is happening in both the developed and developing countries as a result of a high price elasticity of demand of services. This means that services have dominated the economies of these countries leading to an overall global economic change. Background of the Service Industry The service industry has been in the economy for a long period of time. In Africa, during the ages of barter trade, services still existed but they were not valued as they were termed as ‘free services’. For instance, during the barter trade age, there existed medicine people, traditional educators among other service providers (Gancarczyk, 2014). These people...
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...Tamil Nadu National law School PRIVATE SECTOR IN INDIA: BOON OR BANE SUBMITTED IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF B.A.L.L.B (Hons.), THIRD SEMESTER Submitted to: Submitted by- Mr.Yuvraj Akash Gupta BA0130005 SUPERVISOR’S CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the Project Report entitled: ‘PRIVATE SECTOR IN INDIA: BOON OR BANE’ submitted to the Tamil Nadu National Law School in partial fulfilment of the requirements for B.A. LL.B (Hons.), third semester is an original and bona-fide research work carried out by Akash Gupta under my supervision and guidance. No part of this study has been submitted to any University for the award of any Degree or Diploma whatsoever. ______________________ (Mr.Yuvraj) ------------------------------------------------- Preface This project is intended to carry out an extensive research on the topic “PRIVATE SECTOR IN INDIA: BOON OR BANE” by the supervisor. The research and analysis conducted by the researchers are bona-fide and purely for academic purposes. Every effort is made to keep the project error free. We would gratefully acknowledge the suggestions to improve the project to make it more useful. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...
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...of investment spending reduces during the next couple of years, is going to be a major challenge which will require a focus by the public and private sectors on productivity’. Discuss this statement, including an analysis of Australia’s GDP growth rate since 2000 and the drivers of GDP growth in Australia. What are the implications of your outlook on monetary policy settings? Name: 1,500 Student No.: Word Count: MGSM845:ECONOMIC CONTEXT OF MANAGEMENT Term 2, 2013 The Australian resources sector plays a vital role in the Australian economy. The resources sector is the largest contributor to merchandise exports, a major contributor to GDP, a major employer, a major contributor to government revenue and investment. Other benefits such as its contribution to rural and regional development and technological development and environmental research are also significant. Australia has experienced significant GDP growth since the early 2000’s, it has effectively been a two speed economy where the strong mining sector growth has been offset by the reduction in the manufacturing sector. Following the global financial crisis in the late 2000’s, the Australian government fiscal policy placed significant pressure on the foreign exchange rate which lead to slowing of industries and sectors sensitive to such movements including tourism, local manufacturing, education and agriculture. Australian Gross Value Added (GVA) 2000‐2012 ...
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...country has developed due to its oil source which makes it the kingpin in the world oil market. Approximately 85% of the country revenue is earned from the oil economic sector. This is a sign of over reliance on the oil market making the country economy vulnerable because of changes of oil prices. The instability of the oil prices in the global market has signaled the need for economic diversification to build a stable economy (Shoult, 2006). This paper discusses the possible ideas which can be used to up bring diversified economy which does not depend on a single or few sectors of income generation. Introduction Saudi Arabia is a country that is located in the western part of Asia. It is the world largest producer and exporter of petroleum products. The economy of Saudi Arabia has in the past been pivoted on the oil as source of revenue due to the fact that the strength of the economy, foreign investor’s ideas and development of the infrastructures were all dependent on the oil. Fluctuations in the oil prices and demand in the world market has greatly affected the economy of Saudi Arabia and well as a source of livelihood to the majority of the citizens. The country through its economic experts has been carrying out research that aims at finding the solutions to the instability of the country economy. The findings were to eradicate the economic fluctuations irrespective of the price and demand behavior in the oil world market (Aba Alkhail, 2007). Because of the fluctuation...
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...Sectors of the economy A nation’s economy can be divided into various sectors to define the proportion of the population engaged in the activity sector. This categorization is seen as a continuum of distance from the natural environment. The continuum starts with the primary sector, which concerns itself with the utilization of raw materials from the earth such as agriculture and mining. From there, the distance from the raw materials of the earth increases. Primary Sector The primary sector of the economy extracts or harvests products from the earth. The primary sector includes the production of raw material and basic foods. Activities associated with the primary sector include: agriculture, mining, forestry, farming, grazing, hunting and gathering, fishing, and quarrying. The packaging and processing of the raw material is also considered to be part of this sector. About 3% of the U.S. labor force is engaged in primary sector activity today, while more than two-thirds of the labor forces were primary sector workers in the mid-nineteenth century. Secondary Sector The secondary sector of the economy manufactures finished goods. All of manufacturing, processing, and construction lies within the secondary sector. Activities associated with the secondary sector include metal working and smelting, automobile production, textile production, chemical and engineering industries, aerospace manufacturing, energy utilities, engineering, breweries and bottlers, construction, and...
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...Economy, Efficiency and Effectiveness Name Institutional Affiliation Government agencies are commissions appointed and granted powers and authority to oversee specific functions such as Bureau of economic analysis. Bureau of economic analysis provides economic statistics and its main function is to give a clear understanding of the economic status of the US by giving an accurate and relevant data. Cochran, J. (2013). A state agency may be of either national or state government. Performance measurement is basically managing production rate and its primary purpose is to reduce or get rid of total variation in the production process. The main purpose of measuring performance, is to help get to a better decisions. Performances generally tell us important aspects about products, services, and the processes of how they are produced. They are a helpful tool to understanding, manage, and improve what organizations do. Performance can also be measured in order to recognize the sum total of quality management. Jacob, I. (2011). Persons charged with the management of an organization have to implement change in the organization. Before implementing change in an organization, the manager has to know how and when to introduce the change, he or she has to freeze and unfreeze the change process in order to avoid resistance from the workers. The management team has to have appropriate information and knowledge to measure the performance of the institution. Currently there is no known standard...
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