...Minority Inmates in Today’s Prisons Sherry Atkinson Eng. 122 Instructor: Susan Turner-Conlon November 25, 2013 (1) Our American prisons have an enormous amount of African American inmates. With crime not being racist you have to wonder, is this due to higher rate of minority crimes or the manner in which our judicial system works as far the sentencing of, black men and women. Even though sentencing guidelines were established over a decade ago, and, it brought about uniformity to punishments the statistics prove that the sentencing of African Americans is unfairly done. From being a part of our corrections system at one time in my life, I know that just having any type of criminal record is a green light for the authorities to look at you differently. So I can’t imagine also having the stigma of being a minority also. Does that sound raciest? I am sure it probably does but stating from various sources racism is more evident than ever in the correctional system today. According to Marc Mauer, executive director of The Sentencing Project and David Cole, a Georgetown Law Professor, although white and African Americans use and sell drugs at about the same rate, black men in 2003 were almost 12 times as likely to go to prison as white men. (Washington Post, June, 2011) Another point to make is the way our communities are policed. I being a white female and up until I was 42 had never really driven in the projects of the city. I on the other hand lived in a country...
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...Competency 3006.1.5: Legal and Regulatory Requirements Overview Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act Under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (passed in the wake of the 2008–2009 financial crisis), the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) will pay 10 to 30% of the amount the government recovers from financial fraud if the whistleblower provides original information leading to a recovery of more than a million dollars. False Claims Act * Recent legislation has made it easier and potentially more lucrative for employees to blow the whistle to regulators when companies are government contractors or when the federal government has somehow been defrauded. * Whistleblowers who report corporate wrongdoing against the government to prosecutors can be awarded 15 to 30% of whatever damages the federal government recovers, which are to be three times the damages the government has sustained. * Since the government has recovered billions of dollars since the law’s inception, this has become a powerful incentive for some employees to tell all to prosecutors. Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) * Passed in 2002, this act provides whistleblowers in publicly traded companies with revolutionary new protections if they “make a disclosure to a supervisor, law-enforcement agency, or congressional investigator that could have a ‘material impact’ on the value of a company’s shares.” * Under the law, board committees must set up...
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...Topic Two: Human Rights Rights The nature and development of concepts of human rights. State sovereignty, ‘natural law’ doctrine, historic constitutional documents, movement for slavery abolition, trade unionism, universal suffrage and universal education Human Rights Human rights are the basic rights to which all human beings are entitled to. The most recognized document in modern human rights is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, created by the UN. Human rights can be said to come from the idea of ‘natural law’. Natural Law Doctrine is the idea that some laws come from God or higher reasoning whether they have been written down or not. State sovereignty State sovereignty refers to the power of a state to have control over its territory and its subject. It’s important for protecting human rights because it means someone whose rights are being abused can flee to a safe country for protection. Because it restricts the actions of neighbours and other concerned states, also allows human rights abuses to go unpunished within the boundaries of a state. Movement for the Abolition of Slavery Slavery is the state of being under the control of another person. Trade Unionism Trade unionism is the collective organisation of workers formed to protect the rights of individuals from the power exercised by employees. The benefits of trade unionism include: * Prevention of child labour * Prevention of forced labour * Fair treatment of workers ...
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...Society Prisons are facilities to keep convicted criminals from committing crimes and to rehabilitate offenders while keeping them isolated from society. As there are more crimes committed, there are more criminals in this world causing prison facilities to overcrowd. In turn, this costs the government a significant amount of money to keep these prisoners maintained. One of the main reasons for why many prisons have become so overcrowded is because of many state laws and many parole practices. The need for an alternative route for prisoners has grown immensely. Some examples of alternative routes include parole, community service, and house arrest. Alternatives can reduce the amount of criminals in a prison facility and can help the community tremendously. The use of alternatives can not only help us as citizens, but also give prisoners another way of life. Prison systems should help society and resolve the prison from overcrowding by considering alternatives that currently exist and by considering newly proposed ideas. Prison Growth There are crimes being committed everyday and there is nothing to do to keep those crimes from being committed those crimes. As there are more crimes being committed, this means there are more and more criminals being caught by police officials. Then, those criminals are booked into a facility where they cannot commit those crimes again for the period of their sentencing. As more and more criminals are being caught, this causes prison facilities...
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...Running head: WHITE COLLAR CRIMES White Collar Crimes: How Does It Affect Businesses? Shari M. Lewis Strayer University (Online) Table of Contents ABSTRACT 3 INTRODUCTION 4 Introduction to the Problem 4 Background of the Study 4 Statement of the Problem 4 Purpose of the Research 5 Research Questions 5 Significance of the Research 5 LITERATURE REVIEW 7 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 19 ABSTRACT This paper investigates White Collar Crime (“WCC) in society and the affects it has on businesses in today’s society, the cost and statistics involved with white collar crime and the difference in how white collar crime and street crimes are dealt with. While white collar crime has existed for many decades, I have conducted research regarding the definition of white collar crime, the history of white collar crime, the different types of white collar crime that affect businesses directly and indirectly, goals of white collar crime, fraud statistics and the cost factors related to white collar crime. White collar crimes and business ethics play hand in hand with one another and often cross the line with one another into criminal behavior. White collar crimes have played a very instrumental part in our downward economy over the past five years, and the level of trust given by society to corporations and employers entrusted with their life earnings has changed dramatically. My research will include factors that contribute...
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...Extra Credit # 3 SOCI 1301 White-collar crime is a financially motivated, nonviolent crime committed for illegal monetary gain. It is a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation. Deviance, in a sociological context, describes actions or behaviors that violate social norms, including formally-enacted rules (e.g., crime), Conformity on the other hand, is an adherence to social norms. In a conflict perspective, all societies are marked by the conflict of social classes, sometime overt, sometimes hidden, due to unequal distribution of resources - Haves and Have-nots. Those who control the productive property of any society (land, factories, and equipment) use their economic power to dominate other spheres--culture, religion, education, politics, and certainly the criminal justice system. There may be laws that benefit everybody, but mostly the upper-class. From a conflict perspective, the criminal justice system perpetuates inequalities by defining deviant behavior in terms of any behavior that threatens the powerful. Laws in a capitalist system are created to protect the interests of the ruling class. Crimes of Rich and Poor are equal, but poor have greater "recognition". Raiman developed pyrrhic defeat theory arguing that those in power have designed the criminal justice system to fail in order to yield benefits for themselves. Michael Parenti’s You Tube video presents some unbelievable facts like, The department of...
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...Cyber Crime Research Presentation by the Australian Institute of Criminology Dr Russell G Smith Principal Criminologist The Australian Institute of Criminology • Australia's national research and knowledge centre on crime and justice • Core funding from the Australian Government, with income for contract research from public and private sectors • Criminology Research Advisory Council representing all jurisdictions • Staff of 30 academic researchers and 25 support staff – total 55 Cyber crime research Research questions • • • • • • • • • • How are cyber crimes committed (e.g. credit cards, internet)? How many crimes are committed and what are the crime trends? Who commits them and why do people commit them? How much money is at stake, lost and recovered? How can such crime be reduced – by prevention or punishment? Online and desk-based reviews of books, reports and articles Legislative and case-law analysis, including sentencing research Consultations with business, government and the community Surveys of households, businesses, offenders and victims Analysis of media reporting of crime Research methods Dissemination of findings • Reports, books, articles, conference papers, roundtables, online, media Cyber crime concepts Organised Crime e.g. OMCGs Identity Crime Cyber Crime e.g. off-line crimes e.g. ID theft Internet Crime e.g. Offensive Content Phishing Financial Crime e.g. Home renovation scams A chronology of cyber crime Cloud...
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...IDENTITY THEFT PENALTY ENHANCEMENT ACT Name Course School Date Introduction The Identity Theft Penalty Enhancement Act is an amendment to Title 18 of the United States Code. The Act was brought in to define and establish penalties for aggravated identity theft. It is also an enhancement of the definitions of identity theft found in the provisions of Title 18 (Congress.gov, 2004) (Finklea, 2014). Identity theft is an issue that has affected the nation for many years. Advances in technology have made it possible for many people to have access to the tools and resources needed to forge documents which are a critical part of identity theft. The most common form of identity theft is associated with credit card fraud. Credit card fraud on the internet has substantially increased due to the opportunities present in the Internet environment. However, this represents some of the simplest forms of identity fraud. Such is the case since it is very easy to discover credit card fraud by both the credit card company and the victim as well. However, according to the Federal Trade Commission (2002), other forms of identity theft are more severe since they take a longer time to materialize (Federal Trade Commission, 2002) This view is also by Finklea (2014) in his article where he points out the issues and trends of identity theft. The Identity Theft Penalty Enhancement Act comes in the context of increased awareness of the difficulties posed by emergent technologies. So far, identity...
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...Each of the three states represented have different interpretations of how it defines and regulates cyberstalking. Of the three, Florida is a progressive leader in how it reacts to and manages cyber related crimes – particularly cyber-crimes that harass, bully or target minors. As technology rapidly has evolved, laws must remain commensurate, affectively governing and maintaining order for the internet's legitimate consumers. The Sunshine State has a growing and diverse population with an international economy – often Florida is the center of high profile events – favorable and sometimes unfavorable. Because, the internet is such an integrated part of people's lives, legislatures must adequately craft laws in order to protect its citizens...
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...RACISM IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM By Nichole Griffith Advised by Professor Chris Bickel SOC 461, 462 Senior Project Social Sciences Department College of Liberal Arts CALIFORNIA POLYTECHNIC STATE UNIVERSITY June, 2012 © 2012 Nichole Griffith Table of Contents Research Proposal ............................................................................................................................1 Annotated Bibliography ...................................................................................................................2 Outline..............................................................................................................................................6 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................7 Research ..........................................................................................................................................8 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................29 Bibliography .................................................................................................................................31 Research Proposal The goal of my research is to expose the racism in the criminal justice system that is so hidden. I want to show how racism contributes to the huge number...
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...Abstract: The prohibition of marijuana has been a heated debate for years. This paper will examine the question of whether or not it will be beneficial to the population as a whole, smokers and non-smokers to legalize marijuana. This paper will begin by giving a historical overview of marijuana and how it became illegal. Then, it will attempt to examine and illustrate the many valuable, and beneficial qualities that marijuana has. Relying on the facts found to ultimately come to a conclusion on whether or not legalization would positively effect our country. Introduction Background Information The legalizing of marijuana for both recreational and medical purposes will have significant benefits for smokers and non-smokers, the economy, and the population. Currently any production, sale, distribution, or consumption of the drug marijuana is illegal in forty-eight states in the nation. Legalizing marijuana in this situation would mean executing the same or similar laws as are imposed on to alcohol. “On November 6, 2012, Colorado and Washington became the first states to legalize the sale and possession of cannabis for recreational use since the Marijuana Tax act of 1937 when they passed Colorado Amendment 64 and Washington Initiative 502” (Szalavitz). The few states that have legalized marijuana are instituting practices to integrate the substance into society. To continue, consumption of marijuana would be illegal as well as the purchase of the substance by minors...
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...Not only must victims be warned, they must believe there is genuine opportunity to better their lives without resorting to being trafficked. Conversely, perpetrators must be promptly prosecuted and severely punished, to attack simultaneously both supply and demand. Deterrence is served equally by both prevention and prosecution. These two concerns occur at the beginning and the end of the prosecution process. Initially, human trafficking cases should come to a specialist. Unfortunately, the Organic Law No 01/2012/OL fails to require specialized personnel with specialized training. The value of such expertise cannot be overstated. Unique crime dynamics and victim needs must be understood and responded to in a tailored fashion. This will allow...
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...f------------------------------------------------- Final Examination Student Name: ___________________________ ------------------------------------------------- True or False Enter your answer in the boxes in the column to the right. 1. People are rational economic actors motivated solely by self-interest. | | 2. Deontology is a moral theory that emphasizes one’s duty to a particular action because it is inherently correct. | | 3. Most people expect fair play in their interactions and will even forgo economic benefits in order to maintain a fair system. | | 4. An organization can be convicted of a crime even if only one employee breaks the law. | | 5. Absolute good is a concept most aligned with utilitarianism. | | 6. The more a firm demands unquestioning obedience to authority, the more likely the firm will experience higher levels of unethical conduct among employees. | | 7. Key elements of the shared community worldview imperative include the exhortation to create a common body of knowledge, the destruction of social institutions, and realignment when society veers too far from the worldview. | | 8. Traditionally, European colonizers believed cultural relativism was legitimate. | | 9. According to Aristotle’s theory relation to habits of character, one should be judged by one’s “great actions.” | | 10. Utilitarianism suggests that an action is morally correct when it produces more total utility for the individual....
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...the users of freebase tended to be rich, middle class and white. Freebase was produced by “cooking” powder cocaine in a number of steps, one of which included ether, a highly combustible liquid. The resulting process was extremely pure, but never became particularly widespread due to the tricky process to make it and the danger of fire and explosion. The simplicity of making crack was a major factor that led to crystallized cocaine becoming more widespread in the 1980s. Powder cocaine use declined in popularity in the middle class in the 1980s. Cocaine supply also increased, reducing the price. Crack provided an intense high very quickly for $5 or $10. For sellers, crack was a lucrative product – easy to make and desired by a huge consumer base for whom powder cocaine had previously been inaccessibly expensive. The association of crack with poor, urban areas where it was sold, and the violence connected with...
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...to the Sony PSN debacle and the costs of the incident. Another interest point refers to gaming and virtual services over the Internet, such as WOW, SL, and Sony PSN. The paper also focuses on catching hackers and sentencing them (whether or not they should be). Another point of the paper is to discuss whether or not it is good for companies not to admit when there is a data breach within their system. The last point of discussion refers to a personal example of identity theft. Sony Reels from Multiple Hacker Attacks According to International Business (2011), the last time that Sony's Playstation Network has been attacked was in May 2011 because multiple users have reported complaints to the company. There has been more than $1,200 stole from the accounts of the users. This may not be a large sum of money, but it is something. Anyway, security experts consider that this company is sill vulnerable to cyber attacks from all over the world. Sony PSN has been hacked several times during its history. There are gaming and virtual services over the Internet like the World of Warcraft, Second Life, and Sony's PSN. Each of these services are paid and the companies store credit information online. In order to be protected and to protect the information of their consumers, these companies need to primarily increase the level of security of their services by eliminating all possible vulnerabilities that malicious users may exploit in order to gain access to the data. Secondly, these...
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