...interrupt handling required for any necessary asynchronous time-dependent software interface. Purpose A device driver simplifies programming by acting as translator between a hardware device and the applications or operating systems that use it. Programmers can write the higher-level application code independently of whatever specific hardware the end-user is using. Physical layers communicate with specific device instances. For example, a serial port needs to handle standard communication protocols such as XON/XOFF that are common for all serial port hardware. This would be managed by a serial port logical layer. However, the physical layer needs to communicate with a particular serial port chip. 16550 UART hardware differs from PL-011. The physical layer addresses these chip-specific variations. Conventionally, OS requests go to the logical layer first. In turn, the logical layer calls upon the physical layer to implement OS requests in terms understandable by the hardware. Conversely, when a hardware device needs to respond to the OS, it uses the physical layer to speak to the logical layer. In Linux environments, programmers can build device drivers either as parts of the kernel or separately as loadable modules. Makedev includes a list of the devices in Linux: ttyS...
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...draft Mac OS is available on two processor architectures: the Motorola 68k series and the PowerPC. Mac OS has a flat address space, shared between all processes. There is no per-process memory protection. Application code runs in supervisor mode, so there is no instruction protection. Mac OS has virtual memory, in the limited sense that a larger fixed address space can be simulated, by storing the entire address space on disc. This size of this address space is fixed at boot time. The lowest part of memory is occupied by the system partition. This contains some system global values which applications should not access directly, although there is nothing to prevent them doing so. Historically, the Mac OS used a form of memory management that has fallen out of favor in modern systems. Criticism of this approach was one of the key areas addressed by the change to OS X. The original problem for the engineers of the Macintosh was how to make optimum use of the 128 KB of RAM that the machine was equipped with. Since at that time the machine could only run one application program at a time, and there was no fixed secondary storage, the engineers implemented a simple scheme which worked well with those particular constraints. However, that design choice did not scale well with the development of the machine, creating various difficulties for both programmers and users. References: The Memory Management Reference Memory management in Mac OS, en.wikipedia.org Mac OS memory management ...
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...H61M-VGS R2.0 / H61M-VS R2.0 User Manual Version 1.0 Published September 2011 Copyright©2011 ASRock INC. All rights reserved. 1 Copyright Notice: No part of this manual may be reproduced, transcribed, transmitted, or translated in any language, in any form or by any means, except duplication of documentation by the purchaser for backup purpose, without written consent of ASRock Inc. Products and corporate names appearing in this manual may or may not be registered trademarks or copyrights of their respective companies, and are used only for identification or explanation and to the owners’ benefit, without intent to infringe. Disclaimer: Specifications and information contained in this manual are furnished for informational use only and subject to change without notice, and should not be constructed as a commitment by ASRock. ASRock assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions that may appear in this manual. With respect to the contents of this manual, ASRock does not provide warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties or conditions of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. In no event shall ASRock, its directors, officers, employees, or agents be liable for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages (including damages for loss of profits, loss of business, loss of data, interruption of business and the like), even if ASRock has been advised of the possibility of such damages...
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...your files to an extra hard drive. www.apple.com/macosx Mac Help time machine iMovie Collect all your video in one library. Create and share movies in minutes. www.apple.com/ilife/imovie iMovie Help movie iPhoto Organize all your photos with Events. Publish to a Web Gallery with a click. www.apple.com/ilife/iphoto iPhoto Help photo GarageBand Create music by adding musicians to a virtual stage. Enhance your song to sound like a pro. www.apple.com/ilife/garageband GarageBand Help record iWeb Create beautiful websites with photos, movies, blogs, podcasts, and dynamic web widgets. www.apple.com/ilife/iweb iWeb Help website Contents Chapter 1: Ready, Set Up, Go 8 9 10 15 16 19 22 Welcome What’s in the Box Setting Up Your MacBook Air Setting Up DVD or CD Sharing Migrating Information to Your MacBook Air Getting Additional Information onto Your MacBook Air Putting Your MacBook Air to Sleep or Shutting It Down Chapter 2: Life with Your MacBook Air 26 28 30 32 34 35 Basic Features of Your MacBook Air Keyboard Features of Your MacBook Air Ports on Your MacBook Air Using the Trackpad and Keyboard Running Your MacBook Air on Battery Power Getting Answers Chapter 3: Problem, Meet Solution 40 Problems That Prevent You from Using Your MacBook Air 44 Using Apple Hardware Test Contents 5 45 49 51 51 53 53 56 Reinstalling Software Using Remote Install Mac OS X Reinstalling Software Using the MacBook Air SuperDrive Problems with AirPort Extreme Wireless Communication...
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...Congratulations, you and your MacBook Pro were made for each other. Welcome to your MacBook Pro. www.apple.com/macbookpro Built-in FaceTime HD camera Make video calls to the latest iPad, iPhone, iPod touch, or Mac. Help Center facetime Thunderbolt high-speed I/O Connect high-performance devices and displays. Help Center thunderbolt MacBook Pro Click anywhere Pinch to zoom Rotate images Scroll up or down Swipe between full-screen apps View Mission Control Multi-Touch trackpad Use gestures like these to control your Mac. Help Center gestures OS X Lion www.apple.com/macosx Mission Control A bird’s-eye view of what’s running on your Mac. Help Center mission control Launchpad Instant access to all your apps in one place. Help Center launchpad Full screen Make apps full screen with a click. Help Center full screen Mac App Store The best way to discover and download Mac apps. Help Center mac app store H EL LO F R O M A C UP Mail Group your messages by conversations. Help Center mail C E R T I N O, iPhoto Organize, edit, and share your photos. iPhoto Help photos iMovie Turn home videos into home blockbusters. iMovie Help movie GarageBand Create greatsounding songs with ease. GarageBand Help record Contents Chapter 1: Ready, Set Up, Go 9 What’s in the Box 9 Setting Up Your MacBook Pro 16 Putting Your MacBook Pro to Sleep or Shutting It Down Chapter 2: Life with Your MacBook Pro ...
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...use and with a very smooth learning curve, it includes all the professional features a real DJ needs. But you will discover that VirtualDJ also offers some breakthrough features that will definitely change the way you mix! Software Registration Please make sure you have the latest version of VirtualDJ by first creating a user account and registering your software. Visit http://www.virtualdj.com/users/ and click on the ―Create a Login‖ tab. Provide a user name, password, first and last name, along with an email address* then click on ―Submit‖. You will be emailed a confirmation with a link for activating your account. Click on the link provided in the confirmation email to take you to the account activate page. From the activation page you are encouraged to visit our forums, add-ons, and your personal profile location. We will start with the ―Profile Page‖ to register your software. Once you clicked on the link for the profile page, scroll down to the section titled ―Licenses‖. Enter your software serial into the provided box and click on the ―Register‖ button. You will then see a graphic and title of the product version registered. To get the latest version, click on the graphic of your product to access the VirtualDJ Download Center. VirtualDJ Download Center From the Download Center, you are provided links for downloading the software for your specific platform MS Windows or Mac OSX. You will also see that the serial number for your product is displayed. So now that you...
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...Virtualization? What is Virtualization? Physical World Virtualized World Hardware Traditional x86 Architecture • Single OS image per machine • Software and hardware tightly coupled • Multiple applications often conflict • Underutilized resources Virtualization: • Separation of OS and hardware • OS and application contained in single file • Applications are isolated from one another • Hardware independence & flexibility Typical Consolidation: 15:1 Key Properties of Virtual Machines •Partitioning Run multiple operating systems on one physical machine system resources between virtual machines Divide Key Properties of Virtual Machines •Partitioning Run multiple operating systems on one physical machine Divide system resources between virtual machines •Isolation Fault and security isolation at the hardware level resource controls preserve performance Advanced Key Properties of Virtual Machines •Partitioning Run multiple operating systems on one physical machine Divide system resources between virtual machines •Isolation Fault and security isolation at the hardware level Advanced resource controls preserve performance •Encapsulation Entire state of the virtual machine can be saved to files and copy virtual machines as easily as moving and copying files Move Key Properties of Virtual Machines •Partitioning Run multiple operating systems on one physical machine Divide system resources...
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...Congratulations, you and your iMac were made for each other. Built-in iSight camera Video chat with up to three friends anywhere in the world at the same time. www.apple.com/imac Mac Help iSight Music Front Row with Apple Remote Enjoy movies, music, and photos from the comfort of your sofa. www.apple.com/imac Mac Help Front Row Dashboard widgets Get up-to-date information instantly. View stocks, check the weather, track flights, and much more. www.apple.com/macosx/overview Mac Help Dashboard iMovie Collect all your video in one library. Create and share movies in minutes. www.apple.com/ilife/imovie iMovie Help movie iPhoto Organize all your photos with Events. Publish to a Web Gallery with a click. www.apple.com/ilife/iphoto iPhoto Help photo GarageBand Create music by adding musicians to a virtual stage. Enhance your song to sound like a pro. www.apple.com/ilife/garageband GarageBand Help record iWeb Create beautiful websites with photos, movies, blogs, podcasts, and dynamic web widgets. www.apple.com/ilife/iweb iWeb Help website Contents Chapter 1: Ready, Set Up, Go 9 What’s in the Box 10 Setting Up Your iMac 15 Putting Your iMac to Sleep or Shutting It Down Chapter 2: Life with Your iMac 20 22 24 26 28 Basic Features of Your iMac Other Features of Your iMac Ports on Your iMac Other Components of Your iMac Getting Answers Chapter 3: Boost Your Memory 33 Installing Additional Memory 38 Making Sure Your iMac Recognizes the New...
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...MacBook User’s Guide Includes setup, expansion, and troubleshooting information for your MacBook computer K Apple Computer, Inc © 2006 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or in part, without the written consent of Apple. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate. Apple is not responsible for printing or clerical errors. Apple 1 Infinite Loop Cupertino, CA 95014-2084 408-996-1010 www.apple.com Apple, the Apple logo, AirPort, AppleTalk, Final Cut, FireWire, iCal, iDVD, iLife, iMac, iMovie, iPhoto, iPod, iTunes, Mac, Macintosh, Mac OS, and QuickTime are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. AirPort Express, Exposé, FileVault, Finder, the FireWire logo, iSight, MacBook, Macintosh Products Guide, MagSafe, Safari, Spotlight, SuperDrive, and Tiger are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. AppleCare, Apple Store, and iTunes Music Store are service marks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. .Mac is a service mark of Apple Computer, Inc. ENERGY STAR® is a U.S. registered trademark. Intel and Intel Core are trademarks of Intel Corp. in the U.S. and other countries. The Bluetooth® word mark and logos are owned by the Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and any use of such marks by Apple Computer, Inc. is under license. Other company and product names mentioned herein are trademarks of their respective companies....
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...Chapter 3 This chapter helps you power up your system and install drivers and utilities that came with the support CD. VERA 2 Starting up 3.1 Installing an operating system This motherboard supports Windows® 2000/XP and VISTA Premium operating system (OS). Always install the latest OS version and Because motherboard settings and hardware options vary, use the setup procedures presented in this chapter for general reference only. Refer to your OS documentation for more information. 3.2 Support CD information The support CD that came with the motherboard contains useful software and several utility drivers that enhance the motherboard features. The contents of the support CD are subject to change at any time without notice. Visit the ASUS website for updates. 3.2.1 Running the support CD To begin using the support CD, simply insert the CD into your CD-ROM drive. The CD automatically displays the Drivers menu if Autorun is enabled in your computer. Click on an item to install. If Autorun is NOT enabled in your computer, browse the contents of the click the ASSETUP.EXE to run the CD. 3.2.2 Drivers menu The drivers menu shows the available device drivers if the system detects installed devices. Install the necessary drivers to activate the devices. 3-2 Chapter 3: Starting up Intel Chipset Inf Update Program This item installs the Intel® Chipset INF Update Program. This driver enables Plug-n-Play INF support for the Intel®...
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...computer use the user interface was basic and unchangeable. Do to updates, the OS is capable of utilizing some of the Windows XP plus themes and now has a Multilingual User Interface (MUI). Some of the OS unique features are its use of a distributed file system, support for SAN and iSCSI, Virtual disk service, JBOD systems and Software and Hardware RAID. It also Internet Authentication Service (IAS), network bridging and connection sharing just to name a few. This OS was primarily designed for setting up a server on large businesses or corporations focusing on file and print sharing, secure internet connectivity, centralized desktop policy management. System requirements: * 133+ MHZ processor (a maximum of two processors is supported) * 1.25+ GB free hard disk space * 128+ MB of RAM (a maximum of 4 GB is supported) * VGA or higher resolution monitor * One or more network adapters (required for a network based installation) * 12x CD-ROM drive (not required for network based installations) * Mouse, keyboard Key features * “Headless server operations” This is a feature that allowed you to run without a keyboard, mouse, or monitor. You are able to remotely control and restart the system via a serial connection. * Active Directory Domain Rename—Win 2003 lets you change domain 'DNS and NetBIOS names, This allowed you to create a new domain without having to transfer all of the old objects over. * “Microsoft Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS)—...
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...Learning Objectives After completing this chapter, you will be able to: 1. Define operating system. 2. Define enhancements. 3. Explain the function and purpose of OS version numbers. 4. List some of the types of system configurations. 5. Explain the need and procedure for booting the system. 6. Explain the function of disk files. 7. Explain the function of and rules for file specifications. 8. List and explain the importance of the two types of computer files. 9. Describe the function and purpose of commands. 10. Compare and contrast internal and external commands. 11. Explain the function and purpose of the DIR, VER, and CLS commands. 12. Explain the purpose of and the procedure for using the DATE and TIME commands. 13. Explain the legal and ethical ramifications of copying disks that were not purchased. 14. Explain the purpose and function of the DISKCOPY command. 15. Explain the necessary steps to end a work session. Student Outcomes 1. Identify your system configuration. 2. Boot the system. 3. Use the DIR command to display the files on the screen. 4. Use the VER command to determine which version of Windows is being used. 5. Use the CLS command to clear the screen. 6. Use the DATE and TIME commands to set or change the date and time on the computer. 7. Make a copy of a disk. 8. End a computer work session. Chapter Overview Most people who use computers are really interested in application software. They want programs that are easy to use and that help them solve specific...
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...BALTIMORE CITY COMMUNITY COLLEGE DIVISION OF BUSINESS, HEALTH, MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE BUSINESS, MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT ITSA 255 – Information Systems Security Assignment 4 – Network System Administrator Tools/Utilities Students are to perform independent Internet research and write a short paragraph describing the functionality and utilization for each of the following Network System Administrator Tools/Utilities: * FileZilla FileZilla is a cross platform File Transfer Protocol (FTP) application software that allows the ability to transfer multiple files over the internet. It is made up of a FileZilla client and a FileZilla server. It is available for use with Windows, Linux and MAC OSX. It supports FTP, SFTP (SSH File Transfer protocol), FTPS (FTP secure). Some of the features include support in IPv6, Drag and Drop, Filename feature, Remote file editing, FTP proxy support and much more. It includes two methods to invoke security which is the explicit method and implicit method. Many bug fixes and vulnerability patches were made over the initial release of June 22, 2001. * Nessus Nessus is a open source cross-platform network vulnerability scanner software developed by Tenable Network Security. First introduced during 1998; it was created to be used as a free remote security scanner to the internet community. It allows for various scanning which scans a computer and raises an alert if it discovers any vulnerability that hackers could use...
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...Operating System – CS 407 Spring 2014 (BE (CS)) Course contents Overview of Operating System Objectives and functions of operating system A brief overview of computer architecture Concept of process States of process; Process control block; Address space Threads and processes Concept of threads; context of a thread Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP) Microkernel architecture of Operating system Concurrency, Mutual exclusion and Synchronization Principles of concurrency Hardware support for mutual exclusion Semaphores and monitors Synchronization through message passing Deadlock and Starvation Deadlock prevention, avoidance and detection Algorithms for deadlock prevention, avoidance and detection Memory management Requirements; Memory partitioning; paging and segmentation Virtual memory management and operating system support Processor Scheduling Types of scheduling and scheduling algorithms Multiprocessor scheduling and real-time scheduling I/O Management and Disk Scheduling Organization of I/O devices; Buffering Disk scheduling; Disk cache RAIDs File management File organization and file directories File sharing and record blocking Secondary storage management Protection and Security Computer security; Threats and attacks Viruses, Worms and Bots Authentication and access control Intrusion detection and malware defence Distributed processing and Networks Communication architecture; Client/server computing ...
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...33. B 34. A and C 35. B 36. A 37. C 38. B 39. A 40. A 41. A 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. B 46. A 47. A 48. B 49. C 50. A Answers with Explanations 1. A and B. Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) and PCI Express (PCIe) are the most common expansion busses on today’s motherboards. Audio Modem Riser (AMR) was phased out years ago, and Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) has been succeeded by PCIe x16 expansion bus slots, although you will still see some AGP devices in the field. 2. B. Standard PCI has a 32-bit data path, allowing it to send 32 bits of data simultaneously across the bus. USB sends only 1 bit at a time (serially) and does not work with adapter cards. PCIe is much faster than PCI and behaves in a serial fashion. ISA is an older legacy bus architecture that sends data at 16 bits max. 3. A. While on the job site, limit phone calls to emergencies or if your employer calls you about another customer. 4. C. If it is not life threatening, consult the MSDS to determine the proper first aid (if any). 5. C. 1/8” TRS jacks (also known as mini-jacks) are the most common for speaker connections. Parallel ports are normally used for printers or scanners. VGA is a type of video port. The larger 1⁄4-inch TRS connections are for instrument cables or full-size stereo connections. 6. B. When troubleshooting a computer system, always look for the most likely and simplest solutions first. The fact that Susan might not have turned her monitor...
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