...Eating, Substance Abuse, Sex/Gender/Sexual, Impulse-Control, and Personality Disorders The capacity for normal human functioning is reduced when an individual suffers from eating disorders, substance abuse, sexual, gender identity and/or personality disorders. When an individual suffers from an eating disorder their perception of the self is blurred with a constant need to be “skinner”. Society plays a major role in self-perception. Society portrays beauty as women and men who weigh ninety-five pounds. Due to this current obsession to be skinny in today’s society, many young girls and boys will develop an eating disorder, or turn to drugs and alcohol as a way to escape from the daily pressures to be beautiful in today’s society. This paper will analyze the biological, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral components of eating, substance abuse, sex/gender/sexual, and personality disorders. The DSM-IV-TR includes two axis I categories of eating disorders, anorexia nervosa—restricting and binge-eating/purging types—and bulimia nervosa—purging and non-purging types. Biological factors involved with eating disorders include genetic basis, hormonal excesses and deficiencies and abnormal neural activity. People who suffer from anorexia and bulimia usually have low serotonin levels as well as structural brain abnormalities. High expectations set by parents is a key factor in the emotional aspect of this disorder. Many strive toward high expectations and suffer the effects of...
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...Sexual and Gender Identity, Personality, and Eating Disorders Holly Bracy Psy/410 November 18, 2013 Kathryn Westbeld Sexual and Gender Identity, Personality, and Eating Disorders Sexual and Gender Disorder Categories * Sexual Dysfunction * Sexual Desire Disorders * Sexual Arousal Disorders * Orgasmic Disorders * Sexual Pain Disorders * Paraphilias * Gender Identity Disorders (Hansell & Damour, 2008) Sexual and Gender Disorder Classifications * The DSM-IV-TR classifies sexual disorders into three types: sexual dysfunctions, paraphilias, and gender identity disorder. (Hansell & Damour, 2008) Summary of Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders * The psychodynamic approach focuses on fixations in sexual development and also focuses on defense mechanisms. * Cognitive/behavioral perspectives emphasize social learning of abnormal sexuality, classically conditioned sexual arousal to deviant stimuli, and reinforcement of aberrant sexual behavior. * Biological factors can include some disinhibiting diseases or injuries or mental retardation that can contribute to abnormal behavior. (Hansell & Damour, 2008) Personality Disorder Categories * Paranoid Personality Disorder * Schizoid Personality Disorder * Schizotypal Personality Disorder * Antisocial Personality Disorder * Borderline Personality Disorder * Histrionic Personality Disorder * Narcissistic Personality Disorder * Avoidant Personality...
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...Eating, Substance Abuse, Sex, and Personality Disorders Psychology 410 07/21/2012 Professor Christa Banton University of Phoenix Disorders There exist various types of psychological disorders that impact the lives of individuals in society; these entail substance abuse and eating disorders. Individuals might undergo with gender and sexual disorders along with impulse control and personality disorders: the disorder sees the person become isolated and hold back from members of society. The realm of psychology has established these disorders and engendered treatments. Eating disorders entail a substantive trouble with food. A number of individuals dangerously overdo it with food whereas others decline to eat. The disorder instigates a fracas in the individual’s eating patterns and may perturb the individual’s usual life routine. Eating disorders are highly complex and in spite of scientific research to comprehend them, the behavioral, biological, and social foundations of these illnesses stay unknown (2009). The disorders implicated are Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia, and Obesity. The subject with anorexia nervosa declines to eat, having a blurred view of their bodies, believing they are fat. Bulimia is a multifaceted disorder that entails the individual consuming large amounts of food and then regurgitating the contents of their stomach. The subjected plagued by the disorder dreads gaining weight and will undergo extreme...
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...2012 Psy/410 Components Introduction Eating disorders, substance abuse, sexual, gender identity, and personality disorders lessen the ability for the human to function normal. Although their components have many varieties, being able to understand each of them allows for the reduction of classified awareness of these disorders and advertises a more realistic function of preventions and interventions to give support and become more normal. Eating Disorders Biological Biological components involve a genetic basis, deficiencies, hormonal excesses, and abnormal neural activity. People suffering from bulimia and anorexia have serotonin levels that are low and unusual along with structural brain abnormalities. Alterations in the brain may be responsible for the change in the metabolic reactions and endocrine to starvation. Emotional Eating disorders may be a compound reaction to expectations that are high and usually start with the parents and kept up with by the person. Eating disorders can also be considered a way of protecting self from adult sexuality or it could be a response to a situation where sexual abuse may have taken place. There are many times where the individual has high expectations but unfortunately they have to deal with never being able to reach them (Hansell & Damour, 2008). Cognitive Cognitive in eating disorders have to deal with the individual focusing more on situations where eating and starving experiences that help to bring...
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...Eating, Substance Abuse, Sex/Gender/Sexual, Impulse Control and Personality Disorders Paper and Matrix Kristen Brown Psy 410 February 7, 2010 Kristi Lane Eating, Substance Abuse, Sex/Gender/Sexual, Impulse Control and Personality Disorders Paper and Matrix Biological Eating Disorder Eating disorders have been linked to many biological components such as genetic factors, hormonal and neurotransmitter abnormalities, and damage or abnormalities to certain structures in the brain. Research conducted on twins has shown that genetic factors play an enormous role in whether one will develop an eating disorder. Many individuals who have eating disorders also seem to suffer from other disorders that have genetic factors involved. Eating disorders have been linked to people who also have obsessive compulsive disorder. Individuals who have hormonal or neurotransmitter abnormalities tend to have no control over their eating habits. People who have hormonal abnormalities tend to have unlevel amounts of hormones related hunger. Bulimia nervosa is linked to low hormone amount of the hormones that suppress appetite cause the individual to feel excessively hungry. The reverse is the case for anorexia nervosa. Endorphins play a key role in the body’s feelings of pleasure and people who suffer from eating disorders tend to have endorphins secreted when they are completed measures to prevent weight gain such as self-induced vomiting. Lastly, some people who have been diagnosed with eating...
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...Question 1a WRITE NOTES ON Eating disorder Introduction Eating disorders (EDs) are psychiatric disorders with diagnostic criteria based on psychologic, behavior, and physiologic characteristics. Eating disorders is a broad name for a number of problems faced by human beings with food in our society. While majority slip into overeating or comfort eating at some point, for some the problem goes to life-threatening extremes. For instance a common type of eating disorder is the anorexia nervosa and bulimia; there is a deep fear of being overweight that leads to an obsession about restricting the number of calories the person is taking in. This leads to an extreme state of starvation, which in turn has a number of effects on the way that the body functions and how hormones are produced. The common symptom of someone affected by an eating disorder includes: a. Mentally keeping a balance between calories taken in and calories used up b. Deep-seated feelings of anxiety if they consume a few calories too many c. Self-loathing, depression or panic if they haven’t lost any weight or put a little on, despite their best efforts Many scholars have researched the issue of diet quite deeply and know the damage they are doing to themselves but are still unable to stop. This just makes the feelings of despair and self-loathing even worse, causing their condition to continue. Common types of eating Disorders Research has given support to the existence...
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...Eating Disorder, Substance Abuse, Sex/Gender/Sexual, Impulse-Control, and Personality Disorders PSY/410 Eating disorders, substance abuse, sexual, gender identity, and personality disorders reduce the capacity for normal human behavior functioning. Even though their components vary extensively, understanding each decreases the stigmatized perception of these disorders and promoting the realistic application of interventions and preventions to support and resume normalcy with individuals and the human behavior. Eating Disorder In Eating disorders the biological emphasis on the hereditary factors, hormonal, neurotransmitter abnormalities, and the structure of the brains irregularities. Individuals with anorexia and bulimia have shown signs of low serotonin levels with brain abnormalities In the Psychodynamic the complex is powered by Bruch’s assessment and interpretation with the individual’s comatose feelings. Other psychodynamic theorists believe some individuals agonize with wanting there body to resemble as when they were children. The Cognitive-Behavioral Components viewpoints with eating disorders are a blend of dysfunctional thoughts and recurrent occurrences that have reinforced the behaviors of the eating disorders. Substance Abuse The Biological Components and the commodities of the symptoms of drug addiction is the drug tolerance and withdrawal is the most influential biological features with substance abuse. Approximately 50 percent of substance use disorders...
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...wondering if it is there last or if there even is a tomorrow for them .Remember the cartoon show ”Winnie the pooh” each and every one of those characters had a brain disorder. Pooh suffered of an eating disorder that why he was obsessed with honey all the time, Piglet was diagnosed with anxiety that’s why he was scared all the time .Eeryore was cursed with depression, Tiger had a disorder called ADHD (hyper-active disorder).Christopher Robin was Schizophrenic .Brain disorders is like a bad computer virus it never goes away and if it does its all for awhile. A brain disorder can either be genetic or non-genetic, a genetic brain disorder is caused by a variation or mutation in a gene .A variation is a different form of gene. A mutation id a change in a gene. Genetics brain disorders affect the development and function of the brain. Some genetic brain disorders are due to random gene mutations or mutations caused by environmental exposure ,such as cigarette smoke .Other disorders are inherited ,which means that a mutation gene is passed or a group of genes is passed down through a family. They can also be due to a combination of both genetic changes and other outside factors. Many people with genetic brain disorders fail to produce enough of certain proteins that influence brain development and function .These brain disorders can cause serious problems that affect the nervous system. Some have treatments to control symtoms’, some or life threatening Someone diagnosed with anxiety will...
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...Eating, Substance, Sexual/Gender, Sex, and Personality Disorders The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV-TR, which was published in 2000, is a multi-axial diagnostic tool used by clinicians, psychologists, psychiatrist, and medical professionals for the classification of mental disorders (Hansell & Damour, 2008). Axis I and Axis II of the DSM-IV-TR cover symptom disorders—those typified by unwelcome types of distress and/or impairment—and personality disorders—those exemplified by inflexible personality traits that bring about impairment and/or distress—respectively. It is possible to be diagnosed with both symptom disorders and personality disorders. Notwithstanding, the basic distinction between Axis I and Axis II disorders is that personality disorders tend to be enduring, pervasive, and subjectively indistinguishable; whereas, symptom disorders tend to be acute, specific, and subjectively discernible. This paper will address the biological, emotional, cognitive and behavioral components of four Axis I symptom disorders: anorexia bulimia, alcohol abuse, sexual pain disorder, and exhibitionism; and one Axis II personality disorder: schizoid personality disorder. Eating Disorders The DSM-IV-TR includes two Axis I categories of eating disorders: anorexia nervosa—restricting and binge-eating/purging types—and bulimia nervosa—purging and non-purging types (BehaveNet, 1997-2010, n.p.). Anorexia nervosa affects between 0.5% and 1% of the general population...
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...Eating, Substance Abuse, Sex/Gender/Sexual, Impulse-Control, and Personality Disorder Normal behavior is accepted world-wide, but when people show abnormal behavior, it is accepted by the few that may understand why this is their behavior. Abnormal behavior that disrupts an individual’s life on a daily basis can be caused by several disorders. These disorders can very complex at times and some are more devastating to the mind and body than others. In this paper, the biological, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral components of eating, substance abuse, sex/gender/sexual, impulse-control, and personality disorders will be analyzed. Biological Eating Disorder Genetics and abnormalities in hormones, neurotransmitters, and brain structures are focused on to explain how eating disorders are developed. Studies have shown that identical twins are more likely to have anorexia and bulimia than fraternal twins. However, other studies show that eating disorder symptoms can be greatly influenced by nongenetic factors, such as obsessive-compulsive anxiety disorder and depression. Eating disorders are seen as an extension of obsessive-compulsive anxiety disorder by some clinicians because people may develop the compulsive need for dieting, exercising, or purging as a result of obsessional thoughts about being overweight (Hansell & Damour, 2008). As for hormonal abnormalities, two hormones (leptin and ghrelin) have been the main focus in recent research. Leptin is a hormone...
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...Clinical Disorders Other Conditions That May Be a Focus of Clinical Attention Axis II Personality Disorders Mental Retardation Axis m General Medical Conditions Axis IV Psychosocial and Environmental Problems Axis V Global Assessment of Functioning Appendix 4.5 Page 1 of 3 Brief explanation of a 5 Axis Diagnosis from Mental-Health-Matters website. For further information on mental health disorders, refer to the DSM-IV or find many good resources available free from the National Institute of Mental Health website at http://www.nimh.nih.gov/. The diagnosis that is made is standardized according the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV). With this manual, there is a 5 Axis system of diagnosis that is used. The five axes are as follows: Axis I: Clinical Disorders This includes: • Disorders usually diagnosed in infancy, childhood or adolescence (Autism, ADHD, Etc.) • Delerium, dementia and other cognitive disorders (Dementias, Alzheimer's Disease, etc.) • Mental disorders due to a general medical condition • Substance-related disorders (such as alcohol or drugs) • Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders • Mood disorders (Depression, Bipolar) • Anxiety disorders • Somatoform disorders (Conversion Disorder, Hypochondriasis, etc.) • Factitious disorders • Dissociative disorders (Dissociative Identity Disorder, etc.) • Sexual and gender identity disorders • Eating disorders (Anorexia...
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...Dissociative Identity Disorder Multiple Personality Disorder Nathan Coy Thompson Dissociative identity disorder (DID), previously referred to as multiple personality disorder, is a dissociative disorder involving a disturbance of identity in which two or more separate and distinct personality states (or identities) control an individual's behavior at different times. When under the control of one identity, a person is usually unable to remember some of the events that occurred while other personalities were in control. The different identities, referred to as alters, may exhibit differences in speech, mannerisms, attitudes, thoughts and gender orientation. The alters may even present physical differences, such as allergies, right-or-left handedness or the need for eyeglass prescriptions. These differences between alters are often quite striking. In clinical populations, the estimated prevalence of DID ranges from 0.5 to 1.0% (CA Ross 2006). In the general population, estimates of prevalence are somewhat higher, ranging from 1-5% . Females are more likely to receive a diagnosis of DID, at a ratio of 9:1. This author also contends that the disproportionately high number of females diagnosed with DID dispels the notion that incestual abuse is largely responsible for the development of DID. High percentages of individuals with DID have comorbid diagnoses of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder or Borderline Personality Disorder. In addition, individuals diagnosed with DID...
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...Psychological Disorders Psychological disorder - a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior Disturbed, or dysfunctional thoughts, emotions, or behaviors are maladaptive - they interfere with normal day-to-day life. Understanding Psychological Disorders Medical Model Brutal treatments may worsen, rather than improve, mental health. Philippe Pinel opposed such brutal treatments. He insisted that sickness of the mind is caused by severe stress and inhumane conditions. Curing them requires “moral treatment’” including boosting patients’ moral by unchaining them and talking with them. Medical model - the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in more cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital Biopsychosocial Approach The biopsychosocial approach emphasizes that mind and body are inseparable. Negative emotions contribute to physical illness, and physical abnormalities contribute to negative emotions. Epigenetics - the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change Classifying Disorders & Labeling People Classification aims to: * Predict the disorder’s future course * Suggest appropriate treatment * Prompt research into causes DSM-5 - the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition;...
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...The Many Faces of Dissociative Identity Disorder Abstract This research paper aims to explore the mental disease known as Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), previously known as multiple personality disorder. I explore the meaning, symptoms, and effects of DID. My research describes those diagnosed with DID and the probable reasons of why they have the disorder. This study also explains the many different treatments and the effects those treatments might have on a person that has the disorder. I include a research study done on someone diagnosed with DID, the method used to help treat her, and the results of her treatment. Lastly, I state my opinion on DID and the methods I believe with help people prevent, treat, and cope with Dissociative Identity Disorder. The Many Faces of Dissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), previously known as Multiple Personality Disorder, is a mental condition where a person possesses two or more different personalities which may alternate within the individual’s conscious awareness. A person living with DID many have as little as two personalities, referred to as alters, or as many as 100, though the average is about ten. Alters may exhibit differences in speech, behaviors, attitudes, thoughts, and gender orientation. They may even have physical differences, such as allergies, right-or-left handedness, or the need for eyeglass prescriptions. At least two of these personalities assert themselves repeatedly to...
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...Abnormal psychology is the “study of behavior that is deemed not normal” (Jay, 2005, P. 104). Individuals who demonstrate abnormal behavior may be diagnosed with a particular mental disorder. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, fourth edition (DSM-IV) the American Psychiatric Association diagnostic manual, mental disorders fall into 16 categories. The mental disorders that make up these categories include: disorders often diagnosed in childhood/adolescence, Delirium, Dementia, and other cognitive disorders, mental disorders due to a general medical condition, substance-related disorders, Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, somatoform disorder, factitious disorder, dissociative disorders, sexual and gender identity disorders, eating disorders, sleep disorders, impulse control disorders, adjustment disorders, and finally personality disorders (Jay, 2005). This paper will analyze the biological, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral components of phobias and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). For each disorder, this paper will provide a definition and the DSM-IV symptom criteria, various/possible etiologies, and various/possible treatments. Phobias and OCD are both forms of anxiety disorders. One component that nearly all anxiety disorders share is the panic attack; such an attack lasts only for a discrete period of time, often 10 minutes. During a panic attack, an individual experiences overwhelming feelings of danger...
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