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Economics and Philosophy, 26 (2010) 27–46 doi:10.1017/S0266267110000040 Copyright

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Cambridge University Press

GAME THEORY: A PRACTITIONER’S
APPROACH

THOMAS C. SCHELLING
University of Maryland

To a practitioner in the social sciences, game theory primarily helps to identify situations in which interdependent decisions are somehow problematic; solutions often require venturing into the social sciences. Game theory is usually about anticipating each other’s choices; it can also cope with influencing other’s choices. To a social scientist the great contribution of game theory is probably the payoff matrix, an accounting device comparable to the equals sign in algebra.

In 2005 I received an award ‘for having deepened our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theoretic analysis’. Does that make me a game theorist? If so, what defines a game theorist?
Notice that ‘game theory,’ in contrast to almost any other discipline you might think of, has ‘theory’ in the name of the subject. There are economists, only some of whom are economic theorists; statisticians, only some of whom are statistical theorists; physicists, only some of whom are theoretical physicists; and so on through most disciplines. But game theory has ‘theory’ in its name. So is a game theorist, like an economist who uses economic theory, someone who uses game theory or is a game theorist, like an economic theorist who produces economic theory, someone who produces theory of the game-theory type?
I am not, or only somewhat, a producer of game-theory theory; I am a user of (elementary) game theory. So I call myself a practitioner, a user, not a creator. (Roger Myerson, in response to the paragraph above, suggested
‘game analyst’ for people like me.)
This paper is based on the 2008 Witten Lecture in Economics and Philosophy, delivered at
Witten–Herdecke

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