...（1） In 1945, just after World War II, the alliance between the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union ended. An intense rivalry between communist and non-communist nations led to the Cold War. It's called the Cold War because it never led to armed or "hot" conflict. At the end of World War II, at the Yalta Conference, Germany was divided into four occupied zones controlled by Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States. Berlin was also divided into four sections. Lack of a mutual agreement on German re-unification was a important background of the Cold War. And on March 5, 1946, Winston Churchill, gave his "iron curtain" speech while at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri, which marked the start of the Cold War. The cold war did not end until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. During this period, the United States and the USSR confronted each other in politics, economy, ideology, and so on. And they nearly divided this world into two camps, socialist camp and capitalist camp, what made the conflict on ideology especially sharp. Every incident in the world could not happened without reasons, and the original cause may happened quite long ago. So there are long term causes and short causes of the Cold War. One of the short term causes is that the US President had a personal dislike of the Soviet leader Josef Stalin. At the Potsdam Conference starting in late July 1945, serious differences emerged over the future development of Germany and...
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...What in your view was the short-term significance of the Second World War on India? The Second World War had a profound effect on India, politically, economically and socially: I will be examining this and how the war ultimately bought about India as an independent nation. This essay will examine the short-term significance of Second World War on India (1939-47). September 3rd 1939 Viceroy Linlithgow, with no consultation or warning, committed over 300 million Indians to war with an enemy they knew little about. India had a long history of being ruled by Britain since it established a trading post there in the 17th century, and this declaration showed how they were still part of the British Empire. Whilst many rejected fascist ideologies, for the predominately Hindu populace, for whom engagement in violence was in direct contravention of their religion’s teachings, involvement in European war was deeply resented. “Nowhere do these great principles of morality and justice mean more than in India”. This statement, by Viceroy Linlithgow, following his declaration of war, illustrates how imperialistic and short-sighted Britain was to their relationship with India as these ‘principles’ had no place in how India was governed. For nearly 200 years the British Empire had suppressed India into submission, turning it an east-empire trading dock. This shows that even though India had been a huge help in the First World War many British officials still believed in India still being...
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...Explaining the significance of September 11 , 2001 events CRJU 2110 Assignment #1 Introduction: When I hearing or thinking about September 11, 2001, I get a flash back of me sitting in my sixth grade classroom watching the Arab bombing the United States Twin Towers, at that time I really did not understand what was going on. Until our teacher was explaining it to us and she pulled up a video and showed us. I felt sad and horrified for all the people who were losing their lies. I had never heard of terrorists before so I was also really nervous. I was terrified at the thought that there were people out there who despised our country so much that they wanted to kill us. So in my paper I will be talking about the short term and the long term effects that it had on us. Topic I: Short Term Effects A. Military Operations (Iraq War) B. Domestic Response: Hate Crimes against Muslims C. American Reactions (created groups to help those injured) Topic II: Long Term Effects A. Economy Decline (Stocks and unemployment rate ) B. Health Effects (toxins spread to residential areas in NYC) C. Government Policies (More security, airport security, anti-terrorism acts) I. Short Term Effect A. Military Operations In the meantime dealing the attack on 9/ 11 our government has been financing war related tasks in Iraq and with the Global War on Terror. With these funds the Pentagon has been separated up into three different parts: you have Operation...
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...bankers of the post-war period in somes cases (France and the US quite openly and purposefully) "sterilized" their gold so that the money supply did not expand when needed but in fact contracted. So it was a failure to follow the gold standard rather than gold itself which was the culprit. Nor do either Bernanke nor Ahamed explain why the gold standard worked quite well for a century before WW1, although Bernanke admits that is an "unexplained" issue. While acknowledging the long history of the gold standard and its importance in the development of central banking, Ben Bernanke made crystal clear that we're never going back to the gold standard. He explained that the argument supporting the gold standard has two parts: 1) the "desire to maintain the value of the dollar"—implying a "desire to have very low price stability, and 2) an aversion to allowing "the central bank to respond with monetary policy to booms and busts," explaining that "the advocates of the gold standard don't want to give the central bank that power." But regardless of the impetus for these arguments, he explains, a return to the gold standard now "would not be practical for monetary reasons or policy reasons": Bernanke pointed out various reasons that there's simply "not enough gold" to sustain today's global economy. First, extracting gold from the ground is a costly and uncertain endeavor. There is a limited amount of gold in the world, and it just doesn't make sense in the modern world for central or commercial...
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...What is post-traumatic stress disorder? What can cause PTSD and how does it affect that individual and the people around them? When the subject of PTSD arises, the “average” persons’ first thoughts of PTSD are combat veterans. The fact of the matter is, PTSD has many ways of rearing its ugly face into society. PTSD is caused when an individual if any situation where they have experienced a tremendous event, whether it be through observation or have experienced the event directly. Examples that may cause post-traumatic stress disorder are: child abuse, child neglect, a physical altercation, sexual molestation, rape, combat exposure and among many other things which can include witnessing a death ( In World of Criminal Justice, Gale, 2002). Although all are serious experiences that can cause PTSD, concentration on this paper will be focused on the cause and effects of the veterans that have been exposed to combat. Combat exposure not only affects the people that are in the military but also the civilians that are directly exposed to combat. What causes post-traumatic stress disorder? The medical community has only recently recognized stress due to combat as PTSD. It did not have a name until the Vietnam War. During World War I, PTSD was called "shell shock" and as "battle fatigue" during World War II. Medical historians described PTSD-like symptoms as "Da Costa’s Syndrome" during the Civil War ( In World of Criminal Justice, Gale, 2002). In combat situations, military veterans...
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...World War I Introduction World War One was a time of struggle for the World. A Time for Great Famine. Many factors lead to great tensions in Europe, sparking the need for a war. This war, otherwise known as 'The Great War', occurred in 1914 until 1918. It had many famous battles, such as The Battle Of The Somme, a battle of many casualties, especially for the British. The war was mainly fought between the members of the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy) and the members of The Triple Entente (Great Britain, France, and Russia). Eventually, countries such as the USA joined in. Rivalries between countries, arguments over empires, an arms race are the causes of the European tensions that lead to the war. A cause thought to spark the war was the shooting of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, next in line to the Austro-Hungarian throne, by a Serbian terrorist in Bosnia. This caused the World War One. This War was the fulfillment of the Prophecies spoken by our Lord Jesus Christ. As Jesus was sitting on the Mount of Olives, the disciples came to him privately. “Tell us,” they said, “when will this happen, and what will be the sign of your coming and of the end of the age?” Jesus answered: “Watch out that no one deceives you. For many will come in my name, claiming, ‘I am the Messiah,’ and will deceive many. You will hear of wars and rumors of wars, but see to it that you are not alarmed. Such things must happen, but the end is still to come. Nation will rise against...
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...Terrorism is a Political Term 'States like these, and their terrorist allies, constitute an axis of evil...' President G. W. Bush, 29th January 2002 State of the Union Address Abstract: As can be seen from the above quote, ‘terrorism’ is a political, derogatory term with no real, inherently meaningful definition and, with the war being waged against it in its tenth year, one that has divided the world. One reason for the division stems not from the nature of its ambiguity or any fundamental change in its manifestation, but in the West’s difficulty in conceptualizing the motivations behind its many faces. ‘Terrorism’ does not define the motives behind an act of terror. It characterizes them, and this is what has led to its increasing use as a political term, particularly since 9/11. The reasons go beyond mere semantics however and, in the context of the Global War on Terror, have fueled not just the conflict but the surge in recruitment and sympathy that has taken place for terrorist causes across the world. It needs to be recognized that the use of terrorism as a political term has actually had more of a negative impact on the world than any terrorist attack to date. Introduction: Since the coinage of the term ‘terrorism’, its characteristics have always been synonymous with organized violence and a political end-goal. Until recently, however, its employment had been more of a vernacular convenience than a political expression. Over the last...
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...Although there were many cause for the start of WWI that had various short and long term effects, the three main causes for WWI were increased militarism in Europe, the formation of increasingly powerful alliances in Europe, and increased feeling of nationalism across Europe. To put this period into context it occurred around the turn of the 20th century (roughly 1870-1920), a period filled with state competition in Europe due to somewhat due to European Imperialism in Africa and Asia, a period that witnessed the formation of Italy and Germany as rapidly industrializing countries, a period in which two big alliances in Europe (The Triple Alliance (Germany, Italy, and Austro-Hungary) and The Triple Entente (Russia,France, and Britain)) were created in order to maintain national security among different nations in Europe, and a period with increased nationalism inside of Europe....
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...was the short-term significance of Cecil Rhodes from 1882 to 1902? Cecil Rhodes was one of the most important figures concerning British Expansion in South Africa during the years of 1882 to 1902. By becoming the prime minister of Cape Colony in 1890 and being one of the founding members of the De Beers company which dominated the world market for diamonds at that time, he played a controversial role in British history. Rhode’s fierce support for British Imperialism can clearly be seen as he envisaged bringing not only of the whole African continent under British Domination but the ultimate recovery of the United States of America to the British Empire. There were literally no limits to Rhode’s ambitions. He was a megalomaniac and this can be seen by his dream of creating the ultimate imperial railway from Cape to Cairo which would bring together all the British colonies in Africa. Firstly Rhode’s was responsible for expanding the British Colony of South Africa northwards from the cape. He was able to conquer many areas mainly using the BSAC (given to him in 1899). What is more Cecil Rhodes was the main catalyst towars many wars and conflicts such as the Battle of Shangani River of 1893 and the catastrophic for the British Second Boer War (also known as the South African war of 1899-1903). Last but not least another short- term significance of Rhodes was the deterioration of the lives of the native Africans through the racist attitudes he cemented during his terms as Prime...
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...Why did World War One break out? There are many reasons as to why war broke out in 1914, which included many intertwined factors, such as the conflicts and hostility of the four decades leading up to the war. Moreover, Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism played major roles in the conflict. All of these factors where established in many of Europe's 'Great Powers' which consisted of; Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia. Many of the reasons as to why war broke out were built up over years and even decades thus, were long term causes. However, a handful of events occurred over a few months and years prior to the event, consequently were short term causes. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his pregnant wife, acted as a trigger that ultimately led to war breaking out. As a result of this T.F. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. The assassination gave Austria-Hungary the ideal excuse to declare war against Serbia. An ultimatum was issued to Serbia stating that it must agree to all the terms described in the ultimatum in order to avoid war. Austria-Hungary gave Serbia 48 hours to reply and clearly stated that all the terms must be met and complied with. Serbia agreed to all terms except one. WW1 had many countries involved but not all of them entered at the same time. There were three sides to choose from at the beginning of WW1. One option was the Central Powers which included; Germany and Austria-Hungary, and were later joined...
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...Causes of the First World War This document was written by Stephen Tonge. I am most grateful to have his kind permission to include it on the web site. Europe Before 1914: the Main Powers Triple Entente | Name | Head of State | Allies | Disputes | Britain | King George V (1901-1936) Constitutional Monarchy | France, Russia | Naval arms race economic rivalry with Germany | France | President Raymond Poincaire Parliamentary Democracy | Britain, Russia | Wanted the return of the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine from Germany | Russia | Tsar Nicholas II (1894-1917) Monarchy | Britain, France | Rivals with Austria for control of the Balkans Strained relations with Britain. | Triple Alliance | Germany | Kaiser William II (1888-1918) Constitutional Monarchy | Italy, Austria- Hungary. | Rivals with France over Alsace, Britain over her navy. | Austria- Hungary | Kaiser Franz Joseph (1848-1916) Constitutional Monarchy | Italy, Germany | Rivalry with Russia over the Balkans, Territorial disputes with her ally, Italy | Italy | King Victor Emmanuel III (1900-1946) Constitutional Monarchy | Austria, Germany | Disputes with France in North Africa large Italian communities lived in the Austrian Empire. | The direct cause of WWI was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at Sarajevo on 28 June 1914. However historians feel that a number of factors contributed to the rivalry between the Great powers that allowed war on such a wide-scale to break out. A major...
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...The Russian Revolution in 1917 happened during World War I. World War I lasted from July 28, 1914, to November 11, 1918. It was known at the time as the “Great War” or also as the War to End War, and in the United States known as the European War. The earlier conflict became known as the first World War when the world went into war again in the 1930s and ’40s. The casualty totals were ridiculous, the amount going to millions. World War I is known for the crazy system of trenches from which men of both sides fought. Lethal new weapons were unleashed, and for the first time a major war was fought not only on land and on sea but below the sea and in the skies too. The two sides were known as the Allies or Entente, consisting primarily of France,...
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...AS English Language & Literature Autumn Term 1 assessment task: The poem is a sad reflection based on the imagined recollections of the times just before the World War I. It shows a sad picture of society during the time of World War I. Larkin has, quite strangely opted Roman numerals for the title of this poem. That makes the title of the poem instantly capture our attention and makes us ready to read something unusual. Another impact perhaps in store of this title is to show it something relating to olden times. At the same time the title of the poem also suggests a mythological sense. Using the year 1914 for the title of the poem makes it the poem a literary war memorial to commemorate the likes of people before the horrors of World War One. The poem consists of for 8-line stanzas of which only the fourth and eighth lines rhyme, thus creating, two ‘long uneven lines’ in each stanza. Given that this is also the text of his opening lines, this could be an intended pun by Larkin. ‘Those long uneven lines’ describes the people that are standing in line ‘as patiently’ as they can ‘outside the Oval or Villa Park.’ The Oval is a famous London Cricket Ground, and Villa Park is the Birmingham Football Ground. The people who would be standing outside of these venues would be eager and anxious to get inside so they could watch the day's sporting event. This image is also reminiscent of the men lining up outside of the recruiting office around the beginning of WWI; men were anxious...
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...behavior. Objective related to my presentation is how u judge abnormal behavior of students in your class, to judge the abnormal behavior u must have some information regarding assessment of behavior/ behavioral observation, then how you change the abnormal or overt behavior of children. Beside these the main objective is that whenever you call by the therapist, counselor or clinical psychologist for psychological consultation than how you help him to overcome symptoms of abnormalities or the disorder. First of all I am going to give you information related to the term behavior. Every one of you are very much familiar with the term behavior you use this word many time in your class Learning disabilities are neurologically-based processing problems. These processing problems can interfere with learning basic skills such as reading, writing and/or math. They can also interfere with higher level skills such as organization, time planning, abstract reasoning, long or short term memory and attention. It is important to realize that learning disabilities can affect an individual’s life beyond academics and can impact relationships with family, friends and in the workplace. Learning disabilities should not be confused with learning problems which are primarily the result of visual, hearing, or motor handicaps; of mental retardation; of emotional disturbance; or of environmental, cultural or economic disadvantages. Generally speaking, people with learning disabilities are of average or...
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...The term stress has been synonymous to with the current Y generation residing on this planet. The noun stress was first introduced in the 20th century whereby the term stress had none of its contemporary connotations before the 1920’s. it is the form of the Middle English destresse (Keil R.M.K,2004;Coping and Stress) derived via Old French from the Latin stringere “ to have to draw tight”. The word had been long used in the field of Physics to annotate the internal distribution of a force exerted on a material body which results in strain. In the 1920s and '30s, biological and psychological circles occasionally used the term to refer to a mental strain or to a harmful environmental agent that could cause illness used it in 1926 to refer to...
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