...The electoral system in United Kingdom The electoral system in United Kingdom After the examination of Canadian national institution, it has been nominated that a few reforms are intensely needed in the Canadian institutions for the due management of the regional and the inter-governmental issues (Loiacono, 2010). The three suggested reforms are the reforms in the Supreme Courts, the reforms in the senate, the reforms in the House of Commons Supreme Court The need for the reform is elevated by considering the fact that is it logical to consider Supreme Court as a general court of appeal and are their any specialized needs of constitutional tribunals. The scope of judicial proceedings and judgments needs to be institutionalized in the context. Quebec is indeed the province that responds assertively to the importance of a pure judiciary. Quebec highlights that the existing Supreme Courts are totally appointed in the conformance of federal executives, and it does not differentiate the difference between civil law and the British common law. Additionally the decisions of the Supreme Court are confirmed to be biased against the Quebecers. The debate since 1950s still needs a re-modification in the form of a pure Canadian Supreme Court, where the law holds every Canadian equal in the court of law (Sherman, 1999, p. 68). Senate The second modification proposed is the modification in the senate. The Canadian federation has long been considered to seek the reform in the...
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...the international trade system. Increasing international trade is crucial to the continuance of globalization. Without international trade, nations would be limited to the goods and services produced within their own borders. International trade is, in principle, not different from domestic trade as the motivation and the behavior of parties involved in a trade do not change fundamentally regardless of whether trade is across a border or not. The main difference is that international trade is typically more costly than domestic trade. The reason is that a border typically imposes additional costs such as tariffs, time costs due to border delays and costs associated with country differences such as language, the legal system or culture. Another difference between domestic and international trade is that factors of production such as capital and labor are typically more mobile within a country than across countries. Thus international trade is mostly restricted to trade in goods and services, and only to a lesser extent to trade in capital, labor or other factors of production. Trade in goods and services can serve as a substitute for trade in factors of production. Instead of importing a factor of production, a country can import goods that make intensive use of that factor of production and thus embody it. An example is the import of...
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...New Constitution on May 17, 1814 marked the beginning of Norway’s mission to gain independence. Sweden had forced a union with Norway on January 14, 1814, after 400 years of Norway being dominated by Denmark. It was in 1905, 108 years ago, before Norway could claim a secured, full independence and become a sovereign nation. Another important event in Norway’s history is their liberation from occupation by Nazi forces after five years, on May 8, 1945. So, it’s easy to understand why the people of Norway value their independence so much. Since Norway signed the Constitution in 1814, legislation resulted in the Prime Minister position. The Prime Minister and Cabinet (consisting of all the most senior government department heads) are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Monarch, to Storting (Parliament), to their political party, and ultimately the electorate. As of 2013, the political leader of Norway and the Head of His Majesty's Government is Prime Minister, Erna Solberg, of the Conservative Party. The King of Norway, Harald V, also Prince of Denmark and Prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, succeeded to the throne of Norway upon the death of his father Olav V on January 17, 1991. Norway is a constitutional monarchy that divides responsibility between the parliament (Storting) and the King's Council of State, consists of a prime minister and other ministers of state. The Storting has 165 representatives, is the supreme authority and...
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...individual and political freedoms, including freedom of religion. Although church and state are separate, a few historical ties remain; the royal family belongs to the Dutch Reformed Church (Protestant). Freedom of speech also is protected. Government Structure The country's government is based on the principles of ministerial responsibility and parliamentary government. The national government comprises three main institutions: the Monarch, the Council of Ministers, and the States General. There also are local governments. The Monarch. The monarch is the titular head of state. The Queen's function is largely ceremonial, but she does have some influence deriving from the traditional veneration of the House of Orange, from which Dutch monarchs for more than 3 centuries have descended. Her influence also derives from her personal qualities as Queen and her power to appoint the "formateur," who forms the Council of Ministers following elections. Council of Ministers. The Council of Ministers plans and implements government policy. The Monarch and the Council of Ministers together are called the Crown. Most ministers also head government ministries, although ministers-without-portfolio exist. The ministers, collectively and individually, are responsible to the States General (parliament). Unlike the British system, Dutch ministers cannot simultaneously be members of parliament. The Council of State is a constitutionally established advisory body to the government that consists...
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...note of concern, though, is that those conditions that allowed that 7 percent growth are not likely to be prevalent in the years to come, because for over 30 years, China has relied extensively on lower wage rates and export-driven growth. But wage rates have been bid up, as happens; the Chinese are victims of their own success, you could say. And secondly, the rest of the countries in the world are not going through high rates of growth, and they’re not going to be importing the way they had been historically. So, that formula isn’t going to be as successful going forward as it has been. China needs to shift away from an export-driven economy to more of a consumption model. It needs to be mindful about funding its state-owned enterprises, about subsidizing state-owned companies. It needs to lessen its reliance on low-end manufacturing and move up the value chain. By the way, these aren’t my observations; these are observations by Chinese leadership. If you follow any Chinese leader’s speech on China’s economic transformation, these are the points he’ll make. We would call that market rationalism or just normal evolution as a country rises to middle-income status. But there are also some countervailing impulses. There’s a strong streak of economic nationalism; there is a desire to promote national champions; there are protectionist impulses; and investment barriers—the policies called indigenous innovation, where China looks for ways to highlight or promote local companies at...
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...Summary The following report is an examination of the Far East Asian country of Japan. This report includes a look at the past, present, and future of Japan’s economic stance, cultural values, and business opportunities. Our group examined the relations between the Georgia-based insurance company AFLAC, and their Japanese counterparts. This report explains AFLAC’s strategic motives and successes they have found in doing business in Japan. It also identifies some of the weakness and threats that are in the near future if current practices are not altered. With over 70% of the revenue coming from the Japanese market, AFLAC should be concerned with any changes in economic forecasting for the country as it will be sure to have a direct effect on the future of AFLAC U.S. Japan has long been, and continues to be a major ally to the United States in terms of business relationships and cultural influences. Our report serves to outline some of the noteworthy things to consider when conducting business with the Japanese. Through an examination of AFLAC’s individual experiences in Japan, this report demonstrates the need for professional businesspersons to be aware of the countries cultural, personal, and business preferences. With the increase in the age gap of Japan’s population, in addition to the change of workforce demographics, it is becoming increasingly more important for U.S. businesses to consider expanding their products and/or services to the Japanese marketplace...
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...Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Eichengreen, Barry J. Exorbitant privilege : The Rise and Fall of the Dollar and the Future of the International Monetary System / Barry Eichengreen. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-19-975378-9 1. Money—United States—History—20th century. 2. Devaluation of currency—United States—History—21st century. 3. United States—Economic policy—2009– 4. Financial crises—United States—21st century. I. Title. HG540.E33 2010 332.4′973—dc22 2010018239 135798642 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper CONTENTS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Introduction Debut Dominance Rivalry Crisis Monopoly No More Dollar Crash Notes References Acknowledgments Index EXORBITANT PRIVILEGE CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION The...
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...comprehensive and acceptable. Please, do call me for any clarification regarding the report, if required. Thanking you. Sincerely yours. Md. Helal Uddin Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1010549 INTRODUCTION The Trade Finance is science that describes the management of money, banking, credit, investments and assets for international trade transactions. Companies involved with trade finance include importers and exporters, financiers, insurers and other service providers. Credit Risk Management needs to be a robust process that enables Banks to proactively manage loan portfolios in order to minimize losses and earn an acceptable level of return for shareholders. A comprehensive IT System is essential which should have the ability to capture all key customer data, risk management and...
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...individuals for more than 18 years. Supported by a number of developmental funders, Nissi has traceable operations. Nissi was established in 1996 as a private limited company and later in June 1999 was converted to a public limited company incorporated under the Company’s Act (Chapter 21:03) of the laws of Zimbabwe at the request of funders, particularly the Microstart and Social Dimension Micro Enterprise Programme and Hivos-a Netherlands donor. Nissi’s Senior Management together with a determined Board of Directors led the start-up and expansion of this profitable donor funded project which grew from one branch to twenty-three branches nationwide during the pre-dollarization era. Nissi global has now expanded its product range to include foreign exchange, Pay Day Loans, Business Loans, Housing Microfinance, Stop order loans and also running agencies such as Ecocash and CBZ. Nissi Global as a microfinance company has set its standards to operate as efficient as banks or better. It has the aspirations of becoming a macro- finance company than micro as it is. It fosters a culture of professionalism and good customer care. It operates from Monday to Friday, 8am to 5pm then Saturdays 8am to 1pm. Due to the prevailing tough economical conditions since the 2007-2008 economic downturn, the company managed to survive though with lesser luggage in the boat. The operations have reduced as well as the number of branches nationwide to four. As most companies have even gone down to closure due...
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...The Global Marketing Environment CHAPTER 2 The Global Economic Environment Case 2-1 The Global Economic Crisis I n his 1997 book One World, Ready or Not, William Greider described the United States as “the buyer of last resort.” Greider explained that, for many years, the United States was the only nation that was willing to absorb production surpluses exported by companies in Europe, Asia, and Latin America. Greider asked: “Who will buy the surpluses when the United States cannot?” The conventional wisdom has long held that strong spending by consumers in other nations would keep the world economy humming. However, by 2008, Greider’s question was taking on a new urgency and the conventional wisdom was being tested. An economic crisis that had its roots in lax subprime mortgage lending practices began to spread around the globe. In the United States, where the crisis began, economic misery was widespread: The housing market collapsed, real estate values plummeted, credit tightened, and job growth slowed (see Exhibit 2-1). As the price of oil passed the $100 per barrel benchmark, the average price of a gallon of gasoline rose to $4. American consumers were, indeed, less willing and less able to buy. However, the crisis was not confined to the United States alone. Consumer-goods exporters in Asia, which Exhibit 2-1: The bursting of the global real estate bubble was only one aspect of the worst recession in decades. The ripple effects from the economic turmoil...
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...NRI’s Guide to Investment in Immovable Property and Tax Planning Rajkumar S. Adukia B.Com (Hons.), LL.B, ICWAI, FCA radukia@vsnl.com/rajkumarfca@gmail.com 093230 61049/ 093221 39642 Preface The last few years have seen tremendous growth in the real estate sector of India. Adding impetus to the growth is the liberal policy adopted by the Government of India towards foreign investment in this sector. It appears as if this is the right time for the NRIs to invest in immovable property in India. A time to make their money work at home, while they work abroad. With this book, I have made an attempt to provide answers to the problems commonly faced by a NRI who has already invested or is desirous of investing in immovable property in India. This guide is a simple primer on NRI investments in immovable property, repatriation of proceeds and tax incidences on remittances. This guide provides a detailed outlook on some standard issues in NRI investment in immovable property, repatriation and tax planning, providing non-residents guidance to investing in immovable property in the country. With a view to cover the issues of acquiring immovable property in India as well as outside India, I have divided the guide into two parts. Part A deals with acquisition of immovable property in India and Part B talks about acquisition of immovable property outside India. Part A consists of 27 chapters dealing with a host of topics right from the definition of NRI/PIO to differences between...
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...[pic] Internship Report On Overall Banking System of Jamuna Bank Limited [This internship report is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Business Administration (B.B.A)-Major in Accounting.] PREPARED FOR Farjana Yeshmin Assistant professor Head of Accounting Department of Business Administration Stamford University, Bangladesh. PREPARED BY MD. RASHAD UDDIN ID# BBA 037-11983 Batch 37th Department of Business Administration Stamford University, Bangladesh. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Date: November 12, 2012 Farjana Yeshmin Assistant Professor Head of Accounting Department of Business Administration Stamford University,Bangladesh Subject: Submission of Internship Report. Dear Madam, I am pleased to submit hereby the project paper of “Overall Banking System of Jamuna Bank Ltd.” for your kind evaluation. To prepare this report, I have given my best effort that would enhance the project report. This report attempts to describe my observations, learning during the study this course. I made sincere efforts to study related materials, documents, annual report and operational systems of Jamuna Bank Ltd. (Shantinagar Branch) and examine relevant records for preparation of the term paper’s have tried my best to make this term paper as comprehensive and informative as possible within the time allowed for me. Due to various...
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...EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 292 INSTITUTING THE “ADMINISTRATIVE CODE OF 1987” WHEREAS, the Administrative Code currently in force was first forged in 1917 when the relationship between the people and the government was defined by the colonial order then prevailing; chanroblespublishingcompany WHEREAS, efforts to achieve an integrative and over-all recodification of its provisions resulted in the Administrative Code of 1978 which, however, was never published and later expressly repealed; WHEREAS, the effectiveness of the Government will be enhanced by a new Administrative Code which incorporates in a unified document the major structural, functional and procedural principles and rules of governance; and WHEREAS, a new Administrative Code will be of optimum benefit to the people and Government officers and employees as it embodies changes in administrative structures and procedures designed to serve the people; NOW, THEREFORE, I, CORAZON C. AQUINO, President of the Philippines, by the powers vested in me by the Constitution, do hereby promulgate the Administrative Code of 1987, as follows: INTRODUCTORY PROVISIONS SECTION 1. Title. — This “Administrative Code of 1987.” Act shall be known as the SECTION 2. General Terms Defined. — Unless the specific words of the text, or the context as a whole, or a particular statute, shall require a different meaning: (1) Government of the Republic of the Philippines refers to the corporate governmental entity through which the functions of...
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...6602 M:\USCC\2009\52771.XXX APPS06 PsN: 52771 M:\USCC\USChina.eps Report Documentation Page Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE 3. DATES COVERED 2. REPORT TYPE 01 NOV 2009 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 00-00-2009 to 00-00-2009 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 2009 Report to Congress of the U.S-China Economic and Security Review Commission 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission,Washington,DC 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND...
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...Contemporary Privacy Issues Report Introduction Privacy is one of the fundamental human rights, every individual should have full control over their personal information. However due to the continuous evolution of society and technology, the importance of a person's right to privacy has been eroded. This report discusses the contemporary privacy issues on different levels and areas, with specific focus on credit reporting, protection of customer’s private information by businesses, health records, internet data and government intelligence access to information. Sections of the current Privacy Act 1988, the new Australian Privacy Principles 2014, and legislations related to the topic areas mentioned above will also be discussed in detail, and the effectiveness of these laws will be analysed. A person's credit history contains a vast amount of personally sensitive information which have a high commercial value, therefore it is extremely important to ensure businesses adhere to the privacy act to prevent the unauthorised use of these information. Any misuse of information can cause great personal and financial harm to the victim. Privacy of health information is fundamental principle in health care. Lack of privacy information might result in people not seeking the health care they need which might be very risky to their own health and the health of others. The rate of technological development is accelerating too quickly and current laws are becoming irrelevant...
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