Free Essay

Should Welfare Regulations Be Changed

In:

Submitted By IrisBates
Words 2313
Pages 10
Should Welfare Regulations Be Changed

Iris Bates
Strayer University
Persuasive Paper Part 3: Possible Disadvantages, Answers with Visuals
English 215 Research and Writing taught by Professor Weslea Bell
March 11, 2014

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) is one of the federal assistance programs designed to help families with children providing cash and housing assistance. The cash benefit is often referred to as “welfare”. Welfare recipients are often portrayed as lazy, lacking in ambition, and unwilling to take responsibility for themselves (Brady, 2013). When the recipients of welfare receive the cash and housing benefits is it truly helping or hindering them? Doug Brady states, “the current welfare system provides such a high level of benefits that it acts as a disincentive for work.” This raises the question of should welfare regulations be changed or not?
The passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, was known as the “welfare reform”. TANF ended the much despised Depression-era federal entitlement to cash benefits for needy single mothers, replacing it with short term, work oriented programs designed and run by individual states (Hymowitz, 2006). Under TANF, the federal government provides a block grant to the states, which use these funds to operate their own programs. In order to receive federal funds, states must also spend some of their own dollars on programs for needy family. (Schott, 2012) Congress has provided states with $16.5 billion per year in fixed federal TANF funding to cover cash benefits primarily targeted to needy families (Brown, 2013). TANF is still one of the most expensive government programs, and participation in TANF remains highly correlated with other program participation. (Chyi, & Ozturk, 2013)
Many of the long term recipients of welfare who receive cash assistance are more likely to face work barriers. TANF recipients are required to meet the work requirements. But the question of how states approach moving TANF “welfare to work” continue to be widely discussed and are likely to receive even more attention in a week economy (Peterson, 2002). This approach not only stigmatizes low income mothers as work aversive and behaviorally disorganized, but also as underserving of benefits, time to parent their children, education, and general respect (Butler, Corbett, Bond & Hastedt, 2008). However, if Congress and state legislatures are serious about reducing welfare dependence and rewarding work, they should consider strengthening welfare work requirements (Brady, 2013).
The largest problem associated with TANF is that its own rules effectively hold recipients back from gaining a post-secondary education due to the lack of time or incentive to get a better job (Flint). One of the other issues with the TANF program is based on single moms who have been long term welfare recipients. As Butler, Corbett, Bond & Hastedt stated in their article that “domestic violence, caring for children with disabilities, and having health problems are three such obstacles frequently experienced by long term recipients of TANF.
Another problem that exists is the effects of single mother’s welfare use and employment decisions on children’s cognitive development. Welfare is used mostly by low-skilled single mothers with low incomes, who are likely to be highly constrained in terms of resources to invest in their children’s development. Most studies on the relationship between welfare participation and early cognitive achievement focus either on the determinants of children’s attainment or on the consequences of growing up in poor families. (Chyi, & Ozturk, 2013)
Child poverty in America is the highest among Western industrialized countries, affecting 19% of children in 2008. Child cognitive development was measured by the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT). Research has demonstrated that PPVT test scores, which measure language ability are related to academic achievement and early childhood PPVT test scores predict later academic outcomes. This measure found that children whose mothers participated in welfare between the three and year five interviews had standard scores that were lower than children whose mothers did not participate in welfare. (Helflin & Kukla-Acevedo, 2011)
There are, of course, reasons why welfare participation might have positive effects on the family, including effects resulting from having more money to spend on family essentials. These include better access to ancillary services, a possible improvement in mental health, and a connect to the workforce. But welfare participation may have negative effects on the family too. These may include effects related to a decreased sense of efficacy, the potential for public censure, and maternal depression. (Heflin & Kukla-Acevedo, 2011)
In addition, to the work barrier, and child development problems that exist the fact that cash assistance is provided doesn’t encourage work among the welfare recipients. Many benefits available to people in the welfare system that are not available to the working poor creates an incentive to go on welfare and remain in the program once enrolled. Studies have also found that the poor welfare do not have a strong sense that they need to take charge of their own lives or find work to become self- sufficient. (Tanner, DeHaven, 2010). This I believe marks some concerns across the board. Especially when it comes to the working class people. If a person is able to go to work and provide for their family then they should.
A number of studies have shown that many TANF recipients experience more than one barrier to employment. In an Urban Institute study of TANF recipients from across the country that measured a range of different work barriers including six physical or mental health measures, two measures related to skill or work experience and four other barriers related to transportation problems, barriers associated with children’s health and age. The study found that 44 percent of TANF recipients had two or more of TANF recipients had two or more of these barriers. (Goldberg, 2002) TANF recipients with barriers to employment have lower rates of employment than recipients without barriers. While these studies demonstrate that barriers reduce the likelihood that a recipient will find employment, they also show that many recipients with barriers do work. The GAO study also found that once barriers were identified, recipients often did not receive services designed to address those barriers and help them secure employment (Goldberg, 2002).
In another case study analysis done by GAO they focused on the Rural TANF Program which have developed many strategies to address rural challenges. Rural TANF families are concentrated in counties with disadvantaged conditions, including high unemployment and low median income. (Fagnoni, C.M., 2004) C.M. Fagnoni (2004), states, “the rural TANF case workers and service providers at sites we visited reported that transportation difficulties, job shortages, low wages, and lack of services, especially child care, challenged their efforts to help clients become employed and move toward self-sufficiency.” To address the challenges they face, the rural TANF programs visited have employed a variety of strategies including nontraditional methods of connecting clients with services and cooperative arrangements that leverage resources, and efforts to increase transportation, employment, and child care options. To make TANF services more accessible to clients in remote locations, a number of programs offered mobile or phone-based services. Some of the strategies adopted by the rural TANF agencies take a more targeted approach. These include rural conferences, a demonstration project, technical assistance to rural programs and a rural task force with representatives from different programs. (Fagnoni, 2004)
In a separate case study done by Barbara L. Wolfe she focuses on the TANF program in the state of Wisconsin and compares it to the old welfare program. Barbara Wolfe (2002), states, “the reforms sought materially to change the incentives facing low –skilled individuals by eliminating the cash assistance component of the welfare system, Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), and by encouraging states to integrate assistance with expanded, employee-based earned income credits and to establish child care and transportation assistance programs to enable parents to work.” Eliminating the cash component of the TANF program is a definitely push for people to go to work.
Data from the Urban Institute project, Assessing the New Federalism show that a three-person family in which the adults work 40 hours a week at $10 per hour would have an income of $1,763 per month in Wisconsin, Illinois, Minnesota, and New York, and $1,808 in California. (Barbara Wolfe, 2002) In Wisconsin they have a program called Wisconsin Works (W-2). It’s focused on work everyone in the W-2 must engage in work or a specified range of work like activities. To accomplish this, the stated developed a self-sufficiency “ladder” consisting of four levels of work or work related activity, depending on the participant’s skills or work readiness. The highest level, Tier 1, is Unsubsidized Employment, in which the recipient is assisted in finding work in the private sector. If successful, she receives a market wage greater than or equal to the minimum wage, plus the federal and state EITC, and food stamps. (Barbara Wolfe, 2002) This program is one that can provide a solution to at least one of the problems associated with the TANF program which is the person not taking responsibility or charge of their own life. The program that Wisconsin is offering is a great start for a foot out the door especially with assistance from the stated helping the recipient find work. In addition to the W-2 Tier program in Wisconsin the states offers substantial assistance in the form of subsidized health insurance to families with incomes below 185 percent of the poverty line, child care subsidies and transportation assistance. (Barbara Wolfe, 2002)
In this report the focus is on welfare regulations and how they affect the recipients. TANF has become an enduring part that many needy families must navigate. Despite the fact, there is a continuing debate about how to handle the barriers that needy families face in today’s society. Restricting education growth while on TANF with the barriers that are present can prevent a person from working, it also limits the person and causes future problems. The policies, barriers, solutions, and how it impacts the recipients should be reviewed in-depth by the government and law makers. TANF has been the main social program providing financial support to low-income households with children, current program requirements may have behavioral effects on the mother that are at a cross-purposes. (Heflin & Kukla-Acevedo 2011). This is one reason why the state and local government need to take action and take another look at the welfare/TANF to work program to make sure from past experience that the barriers does not affect the recipients. The welfare reform regulations both state and local government should and can be strengthened. By strengthen the regulations they can provide families with barriers the help they need to overcome and obtain and maintain employment. Developing a comprehensive plan will not be easy, but is possible, and developing it will definitely be a challenge the government out to accept.

References
Brady, Doug (August 22, 2013), Cato: The problems with an overly generous welfare system. Retrieved February 9, 2014 from http://conservatives4palin.com/2013/08/dc-examiner-cato-the-problems-with-an-overly-generous-welfare-system.html
Brown, K.E. (2013). More Accountability Needed to Reflect Breadth for Block Grant Services. GAO Reports, 1-65 Retrieved February 9, 2014 from http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=0ac36dec-3461-4776-aa31-b52c24d84aa7%40sessionmgr4004&vid=61&hid=4211
Butler, S. S., Corbett, J., Bond, C., & Hastedt, C. (2008). Long-Term TANF Participants and Barriers to Employment: A Qualitative Study in Maine. Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 35(3), 49-69 Retrieved February 9, 2014 from https://web-a-ebscohost-com.libdatab.strayer.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=e0f6bdea-5eea-4de0-87dd-dc2cc452d329%40sessionmgr4004&vid=14&hid=4107
Chyi, H., & Ozturk, O. (2012). The Effects of Single Mothers’ Welfare Use and Employment Decisions on Children’s Cognitive Development. Economic Inquiry, 51(1), 675-706. doi: 10.1111/j.1465-7295.2012.00466.x
Fagnoni, C.M. (2004). Welfare Reform: Rural TANF Programs Have Developed Many Strategies to Address Rural Challenges: GAO-04-921. GAO Reports, 1. Retrieved on March 12, 2014 from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.libdatab.strayer.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=b5c17e39-0d91-4be7-9c7a-d5b806ef99da%40sessionmgr110&vid=6&hid=106
Goldberg, Heidi. (January 2002). Improving TANF Program Outcomes for Families with Barriers to Employment. Retrieved on February 21, 2014 from http://www.cbpp.org/cms/index.cfm?fa=view&id=1476
Heflin, Collen, M. & Kukla-Acevedo, Sharon, (February 2011) Non-Income Effects of Welfare Receipt on Early Childhood Cognitive Scores. Unintended Consequences of the Program for Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Retrieved on March 12, 2014 from http://ipp.missouri.edu/files/ipp/attachments/02-2011_non_income_effects-final.pdf
Hymowitz, K. S. (2006). How welfare reform worked. City Journal. Retrieved February 9, 2014 from http://www.city-journal.org/html/16%5f2%5fwelfare%5freform.html
Peterson, J. (2002). The TANF Reauthorization Debate: Key Welfare Reform Issues and Concerns. Journal Of Economic Issues (Association For Evolutionary Economics), 36(2), 431. Retrieved February 9, 2014 from http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=0ac36dec-3461-4776-aa31-b52c24d84aa7%40sessionmgr4004&vid=20&hid=42119, 2014
Schott, Liz, (December 4, 2012). Policy Basics: An Introduction to TANF Retrieved February 9, 2014 from http://www.cbpp.org/cms/?fa=view&id=936
Tanner, Michael & DeHaven, Tad (2010). TANF & Federal Welfare Retrieved February 9, 2014 from http://www.downsizinggovernment.org/hhs/welfare-spending#_edn34
Wolfe, B. L. (2002). Incentives, Challenges, and Dilemmas of TANF: A Case Study. Journal Of Policy Analysis & Management, 21(4), 577-586. Retrieved on February 21, 2014 from http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.libdatab.strayer.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=4c351ac1-1c8b-41ea-aeca-a01c73e62a03%40sessionmgr4005&vid=3&hid=4103

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Child Welfare Regulations

...PERSUASIVE PAPER PART 1: A PROBLEM EXIST 2 Child welfare regulations need some improvements done. Child welfare has become a major topic with everybody. Child welfare will help families who is in poverty, families who are unemployed. When it comes down to a family who has a family member who is sick and the other one has to work they will not help them all that much. The other problem with child welfare is that when both parents have to work there is no extra help to cover the cost of daycare or another person to babysit for the child. Many states will not give out extra money for care of the child when both parents have to work. It is hard to raise a family on medium wage. That is why the government needs to regulate the laws on child welfare. A family who gets minimum wage pay they don’t have enough money to feed their children. That is why the regulation needs to be changed to help out the families who need food, medical treatment and other ways to meet their needs. When it comes down for a family to apply for help they get denied because the agent tells them that they are able to work and nothing is wrong with them. Which I think is wrong. Social Security as used with reference to the Social Security Act in the United States also encompasses some of what we call “welfare” or “needs” or “assistance” programs (Altmeyer, Arthur). When a family goes to get Social Security for their family because they need help they don’t get it because they are not...

Words: 1128 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

Human Services

...client to become self-sufficient, by empowering, modeling and, caring. Furthermore, the professional should also have the objective of teamwork at all times in order to achieve the proper goal. The work of the Human Service professional can be very difficult to achieve a goal without a committed client successfully. In this paper we will analyze and describe the goal, history, common intervention in the Human Services along with some important ethical considerations. The history of human services on the United States was in the beginning influenced by England’s social welfare during the eleventh century. By the time poor citizens were victims of slavery and discrimination from part of the wealthy class. The poor were forced to work the rich lands in order to survive, by receiving care and support in exchange from their hard work. (Martin, M. (2007) During that time, the poor were considered a necessary component of society in order for the rich to show their grace toward the less fortunate. In fact, these believe or “charity” practice was completely supported by the church, that based the validity of the practice in the book of Mathew chapter 25 in were Jesus warn everyone to feed the hungry, give drink to the thirsty, shelter to the homeless, clothes to the shivering, tend to the sick, and visit those in prison”. The perception of poverty gradually changed with the...

Words: 974 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Eng 215

...Welfare Regulation/Reform/Solutions Tonya McKenzie Strayer University Professor Wooden ENG215 NOV 22, 2013 Welfare Regulation/Reform “Beginning in the 1930s, the U.S. welfare system started out as a program to help families and individuals who had little or no income. Fearing that Americans were abusing the welfare system by not looking for jobs and having more children, to increase aid, in 1996, President Clinton signed a reform law giving control of welfare. Each state sets guidelines for determining eligibility for welfare benefits. For example, in Virginia, welfare recipients between the ages of five and 18 must attend school regularly. Georgia requires students ages six through 17 to attend school regularly. Common factors that determine benefits include gross income, family size, medical needs, unemployment, homelessness and pregnancy. Each individual or family that receives welfare has a caseworker. Each caseworker determines the benefits the family or individual receives (ehow.com (p1).” With a growing unemployment rate in America. American citizens are focused on survival by any means necessary. Even at the added cost to American tax payers fraud continues to rise across the country. Welfare regulations must constantly evolve to uncover different ways to discourage attempts of fraud on our welfare programs. These action of fraud are contributing to the financial rape and pelage of American assets that are there to help the needy. While the rush to address...

Words: 2314 - Pages: 10

Premium Essay

Welfare System

...Running Heading: Welfare Fraud Welfare System In America and Its Effects on Society February 22, 2013 Why does poverty exist and why do people end up being poor? Welfare in the United States is referred to the federal government welfare programs that have been put in place to assist the unemployed or underemployed. These social policies and public reform have been consistently at the forefront of American minds. Welfare reform has been a major controversy in the realm of social policy. This is very much debated by Americans as legislators are looking more closely at this topic. Many people agree with it and others don’t. How many really understand the purpose or the intentions of the welfare system? Welfare agencies across America have a goal to strengthen and support individuals and families by promoting cost effective and comprehensive services that foster independent and healthy families. INTRODUCTION Welfare was first introduced in 1935. When the Great Depression hit, many families suffered. It is estimated that one-fourth of the labor force was unemployed during the the Great Depression era. With many families suffering financial difficulties, the government stepped in to solve the problem and that is where the history of welfare as we know it really began. Under President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the Social Security Act was enacted in 1935. Welfare in America has become a debatable subject since its formation.  What is welfare? Welfare is when an individual receives government...

Words: 4165 - Pages: 17

Premium Essay

The Evaluation of Welfare Reform: Is It Actually Ending?

...President Bill Clinton fulfilled his 1992 campaign to “end welfare as we know it.” (Endangered Welfare Reform, 2012) In today’s society, there are many programs available for people in need. An abundance of people who are participating in these programs view these as necessities verses privileges and continue to abuse them. Welfare fraud is an ongoing abuse, and new government regulations need to be put into effect to help alleviate the current and persistent welfare dilemma. Congress has implemented welfare reform legislations that simply have not helped or changed much. The question regarding the welfare system continues to remain the same; what is wrong with welfare and can it be fixed? A question that is not simple, nor does the question have a simple answer. However, one thing is very clear; welfare is not working and needs to change, desperately. The current welfare system is unfair to the taxpayers who are paying for the failed programs that the government, specifically the New York State legislators, have timelessly sat by and done little to nothing, as well as the poor who remain trapped in a system that takes away self-reliance and hope for the children of the recipients. Although current liberal systems want everyone to believe that aid is temporary and very few recipients receive welfare for an extended period of time, this is simply untrue. The public is lead to believe that the current welfare system does not promote long-term independence, this is so very...

Words: 1422 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Protecting Female Employees Working Rights

...been specifically acknowledged by referencing to author, work and page(s). Name: Li Fangchen Signature: Date: 30th August 2013 Content 1. Introduction 1 2. Current situation and problems of gender inequality in the workforce in China 1 2.1 General situation in gender discrimination 1 2.2 Discrimination against young women 2 2.3 Discrimination against migrant female workers 3 3. Compare with the situation in Europe 3 4. What measures should be taken 4 4.1 Recruitment and selection 4 4.2 Personal development 4 4.3 New organization of work 5 Reference 6 1. Introduction Gender inequality is a problem among the workplace globally, female employees tend to be paid fifteen to fifty percent less than male employees when they are working the same job. (Burnett,2010) In terms of the situation in China, although the Constitution in 1982 has reinforced laws and regulations to protect women's rights, the level of unemployment rate of women is still far higher than male employees (ibid). The development of Human Resource Management implicates a potential progress for gender equality(Sisson,1994). However, the gender equality assumption in HRM model is more like the rhetoric rather than the reality (Dikens,1998). Besides, HRM has received little attention in...

Words: 1794 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

Fighting Crime

...After reading the section on gun control my view on the subject slightly changed. I went from not knowing much about control, thus not really being concerned if it existed or not. But now that I know a few facts, I can I agree partially with both sides of the issue. I think that people should have the right to carry concealed guns but that there should also be a few more regulations. These rules and regulations should include instituting one-gun-purchase- per-month laws, and also requiring registration of all handguns. Another point in this section that grabbed my attention was President Clinton’s assault-weapons ban. I feel that this law should still be in place, because it allows people to carry guns but of a less lethal nature. This is my opinion creates a happy medium. I disagree with investing money in head start programs. Although they are beneficial in preparing children for elementary school and teaching children to interact with others. I do not believe investing money and engaging children in head start programs will prevent them from committing crimes and displaying deviant behavior later in life. Thus the money invested to supposedly lower crime rates could be invested in other programs such as job corps. I believe programs such as job corps are quite a bit more beneficial to at risk youth. This is because Job Corps is not only a program that youth are involved in when they are a bit older but it also provides job training. In my opinion individuals who are employed...

Words: 518 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Welfare and It's Barriers

...Outline 1. Thesis: 2. Introduction: 3. History of Welfare: a. Colonial Welfare b. ADC-AFDC c. Welfare-to-Work d. TANF (CalWORKs) 2. Barriers and solutions for Recipients: a. Transportation b. Mental Health c. Substance Abuse d. Domestic Violence e. Child Care f. Education and Skill set g. Language h. Criminal Record 3. Valuing Work first: a. Riverside County Nationally recognized for it’s work first program b. Self Esteem c. Case Study 4. Education a. Continuing Education b. Who pays for the education? 5. Summary Welfare and its Barriers Thesis Statement: Although current welfare reform is pushing education over employment there is a strong belief amongst those working in the field of welfare administering that seeking employment first before seeking higher education is the pathway to self-sufficiency for most welfare recipients. Introduction: It is recognized by public service workers that employment is beneficial in building self-esteem for welfare recipients. The belief that all welfare recipients are lazy and just want to draw a check from the government is an untruth. I will share a story with you later in this paper that will provide a basis to disprove that belief, at least for one recipient. While many studies show that the history of welfare reform has pushed our impoverished population to choose between employment and/or and education. For many...

Words: 3018 - Pages: 13

Premium Essay

Keynesian Economics

...Keynesian Economics, Helping the US Economy Keynesian philosophy states that in order to manage economic downturns, government intervention in the economy is imperative. It was Keynesian Economic Philosophy that kept America out of another depression during the Great Recession due to the fiscal and monetary stimulus (Seidman 32-53, 22p). By examining the government’s need for spending money on welfare, cutting taxes, regulating and monitoring the financial markets, and government spending on military, America sees how a Keynesian approach is a necessity. The American Government needs to continue using the Keynesian model in order to enhance the performance of the economy. Keynesian Philosophy provides government assisted programs to those who qualify. One form of assistance is Welfare. Welfare provides benefits and economic assistance to low or no income Americans. With the dismal economy, there are now over 100 million people on welfare according to the Census Bureau; and this doesn’t include those receiving Social Security or Medicare (GOPUSAStaff). Food Stamps are one of many divisions of welfare. The food stamps program, also known as the Supplementary Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), helps low or no income citizens buy food. There are over 46 million people on SNAP as of June, 2012 (Luhby). That is more than one in seven Americans and more than 25% of eligible Americans do not participate in the food stamps program. There are millions of low-income seniors struggling to afford...

Words: 2071 - Pages: 9

Free Essay

To What Extent D.Cameron Has Modernised the Party?

...on less intervention by the government. It means that if any industry and company found itself in financial difficulties then government will not help them. For example if royal mail found itself in financial difficulties then government won’t help them. But Cameron has changed this policy. He said that it is the role of government to help industries if they find. He believes that state has a key role in increasing opportunities and reducing poverty because if any industry finds itself in difficulties then it also affects unemployment. He believes that state has a key role in increasing opportunities and reducing poverty. Conservative traditionally believes on low taxes. They believe that taxes on income and company profits should be kept to minimum. So it is a natural conservative instinct to want to cut taxes. But the David Cameron and his shadow chancellor asserted that the tax cuts cannot be made at the expense of the public services. In other words they see it as most important that health, education, social services and so on should be protected even if public opinion asserts that tax should be reduced. In education it is conservative...

Words: 1307 - Pages: 6

Free Essay

Conservative Party, Traditional Policies

...traditional, original policies. One way in which the modern Conservative party has abandoned its traditional policies is the role the state takes in the country. Traditionally the role of the state was limited, with little economic or social intervention, linking directly with the Conservative idea of change should be avoided, however the modern Conservative party has taken the view that the state places a key part in increasing opportunities and reducing poverty, with less regulation at a local level. This directly abandons the traditional policies as this policy aims for the state to help socially - through reducing poverty and economically - through acting more quickly on things. This can be seen as a good thing however, as people prefer to see the government taking a more involved effort, which is not what the traditional policies of the Conservative party believed the role of state should be. Another way in which the modern Conservative Party has abandoned its traditional policies is through the evolving way in which the party views social justice. The traditional ideas of the Conservative party believed that inequality was natural in a free-market and welfare should only be for the extremely needy. Under the modern day Conservative party it is believed that society has a...

Words: 652 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Law Value Creation

...Chapter One Law, Value Creation, and Risk Management A Manager’s Dilemma: Putting It into Practice Guanxi: Networking or Bribery? Issue Presented: Should a business leader in China encourage a manager to run for office? Engage in guanxi lobbying to encourage district leaders to impose stiffer emissions and mileage requirements for heavy trucks? Hire the son of a prominent local official? Whenever engaging in international business development, managers are expected to exercise their responsibilities according to the laws and practices of the countries where they conduct business. However, a manager should also consider the ethical standards in the home country, where the firm is headquartered and where the board of directors will review his or her performance, as well as what the shareholders would consider ethically acceptable. In China, companies have a long history of engaging in political activities. Chinese executives are frequently elected to local or national government to engage in guanxi lobbying, where they are permitted to make charitable contributions and report issues relevant to their corporation to the government. The Election Act of China permits the local manager of Dexter’s affiliate to seek election as a congressperson while remaining on Dexter’s payroll. In light of this legislation, the manager could run for office and, if elected, lobby to persuade district leaders to impose stiffer emissions and mileage requirements for heavy...

Words: 1579 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Early Education and Practice Assignment

...was lifted as there was nobody to look after children in families. This then created a need for child minders and childcare services. The preschool education was mainly in the private sector for children with the need of specific intervention and with special needs. The ECEC needs for babies, young children and their families were all met by the community, private enterprises and voluntary. (Flood, E. and Hardy,2013) According to early childhood Ireland, 2015 in 1992 Ireland ratified the UN convention on the rights of the child. The convention stated that a 'child' as a person is below the age of 18, unless a particular countries law set the legal age below the age of 18 for the age of adulthood. The convention states that all children should be entitled to basic rights, no discrimination. The child's interests is the center of everything, primary concern of making decisions. It also rules out the basic human needs which all children are entitled to such as, protection needs which means the child has the right to be protected against any harm, abuse or neglecting. Participation needs are also...

Words: 2212 - Pages: 9

Premium Essay

Should Government Be Responsible for Csr?

...Should Government have the largest influence on Corporate Social Responsibility ? Introduction Carroll’s four responsibilities of business are economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary (Carroll, 1991). Economic responsibility is a business organization to produce goods or service to society, and creditors or shareholders can get return. Legal responsibility is defined in law by government that management is expected to follow. Ethical responsibility is organization management to obey the beliefs in a society. The last discretionary responsibility is the management of their own accord to take obligations, they do it by themselves, and not others force them to do (Carroll, 1991). Definition of Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is defined as a business’s decisions or actions are made which take outcomes beyond the organization's economic profit into account in the decision making process (Carroll, 1991). Social responsibilities include ethical responsibilities and discretionary responsibilities. The difference between them was that less people expect a firm to perform discretionary responsibilities, while a lot of people expect a firm to perform ethical responsibilities. Discretionary responsibilities are like day-care centers, to training the hard-core unemployed and philanthropic contributions. A firm can take actions to perform its ethical responsibilities and discretionary responsibilities that society will value it but...

Words: 2304 - Pages: 10

Free Essay

Social Entrepreneurship

...do not reference without the author’s permission Paper for Cornell –PKU Conference, June 9-11, 2008, Ithaca Legal Myth on Emergence of Social Enterprises in China By JIN Jinping∗∗ Abstract Is social enterprise a new form of organization, differ from for-profit ones and not-for-profit ones? The article tries to answer this question. The social enterprises seem blur the boundary between for-profit and not-for-profit in the objects, while they don’t break though the distinction between for-profit organization and not-for-profit organization, and the rules applied respectively. However the social enterprises can enjoy some special treatment, not base on the form of organization, but on the social benefit of their mission. We should deal with social enterprises and pure business enterprises differently, and shouldn’t ask the later to offer what they needn’t. Key words: Social Enterprises; Corporate Social Responsibility; Community Interest Company; the Triple Bottom Line PartⅠ. Introduction While “corporate social responsibility” is broadly concerned by the public, a new term “Social Enterprise” has been introduced and is gaining its popularity. There are quite a few incubators for social enterprises in practice, and some foundations have put ∗∗ Jin Jinping, Lecture in Peking University Law School. Email: jinjinping@yahoo.com.cn. 1 social enterprises at their priority list of their grantee.1 The term “Social Enterprise” is first used in a report...

Words: 4245 - Pages: 17