...Sickle cell anemia(SCD) is an inherited genetic disorder which causes the expression of defective hemoglobin on chromosome 11 resulting irregularly shaped red blood cells also known as “sickle cells” because they look like a sickle or are in a crescent shape. The normal red blood cells are round, smooth and deliver oxygen to cells throughout the body but a cluster of sickle shaped cells blocks the blood flow, causing painful attacks and sometimes stroke. Due to their different shape and chemistry, they are controlled by many free radical processes. This paper will talk about the frequency this disease, inheritance pattern, genetic changes, current research and/or efforts to develop vaccine, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of sickle cell anemia....
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...Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle Cell Anemia is a condition where it’s not enough healthy red blood cells, which carry adequate oxygen throughout your body. Normally our Red Blood Cells are flexible and round and move easily through the blood vessels. In Sickle Cell Anemia, the red blood cells get rigid and Sticky and they become shaped like a little crescent moon. The irregularly shape cells can get stuck in small blood vessels, which slows or blocks blood flow and oxygen to parts of the body. A way to tell how you have Sickle Cell Anemia is periodic pain, called crisis are a major symptom of Sickle Cell Anemia. This pain can last for hours or even weeks at a time. Painful swelling of hands and feet. Frequent...
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...Josiah Hicks Genetic (Or Not) Disorders There are many diseases and disorders in the world, they all have different causes and effects. Some of the causes may be genetic, some might be the result of the surrounding environments, and some even remain unexplained. Today, I’m going to cover some of them, I’m going to explain the causes of the disorders, the resulting effects of the disorder, and if there is a cure. Sickle cell anemia or SCD is a hereditary disorder (meaning that it is acquired through the parents) and is categorized by the most prominent effect on the body’s production and storage of the a molecule in...
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...report I want to talk about sickle cell anemia. Sickle cell anemia is a blood disease that changes the shape of the red blood cells from the circular shape to the shape of the crescent. The shape of the sickle changes into a crescent, which is difficult to pass through the small blood vessels. When this occurs, it is difficult to enter oxygen throughout the body. Hemoglobin is an iron-rich substance that makes blood red and allows red blood cells to carry oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body. The abnormal hemoglobin causes red blood cells to be rigid, sticky and deformed. The father and mother must transmit the defective form of the gene in order for the child to be affected. If a parent transports the gene, the child will have some cells that have been...
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...Eastern Shore Sickle Cell Anemia Dayona Williams Developmental Psychology 0301 Evelyn Jones 25 November 2014 Abstract: The paper you are about to read will inform you about the disease Sickle cell Anemia. It will explain to you about what Sickle cell Anemia is and how you develop it. This paper will also tell you the symptoms and who can get it. While reading the information you will understand all about the disease and how it’s treated and can it be cured. Also in the paper it will inform you about the difference in Sickle cell Anemia and Sickle cell Trait. Lastly, In the paper you are about to learn all you need to know if someone in your family has Sickle cell Anemia and what they go through and how to actually understand it. In today’s society many kids and adults face the disease called Sickle-cell Anemia. This disease is well known throughout many states and countries. Sickle-cell Anemia is when red blood cells are not shaped as normal blood cells. They are shape in a crescent moon like shape which creates different blockages from the normal cells to pass through. The reason why is because the actual sickle cells become sticky to the point where they stick on the blood vessels wall. Many people know that red blood cells carry nutrients and oxygen from the lungs throughout the body. With the blood vessels flow being blocked and the blood cells shape being crescent there is not enough oxygen being pushed through the body. The red blood cell also carries, “iron...
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...Sickle Cell Disease is an illness that affects people all across the globe. This paper will give a description of the sickness through the discussion of the causes, symptoms, and possible cures. Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a "group of inherited red blood cell disorders."(1) These disorders can have various afflictions, such as pain, damage and a low blood count--Sickle Cell Anemia. Sickle cell disease is the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States. Approximately 80,000 Americans have the disease. In the United States, sickle cell disease is most prevalent among African Americans. About one in 12 African Americans and about one in 100 Hispanic Americans carry the sickle cell trait, which means they are carriers of the disease. Sickle cell disease is caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin-Beta gene found on chromosome 11. Hemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to other parts of the body. Red blood cells with normal hemoglobin (hemoglobin-A) are smooth and round and glide through blood vessels. In people with sickle cell disease, abnormal hemoglobin molecules - hemoglobin S - stick to one another and form long, rod-like structures. These structures cause red blood cells to become stiff, assuming a sickle shape. Their shape causes these red blood cells to pile up, causing blockages and damaging vital organs and tissue. Sickle cells are destroyed rapidly in the bodies of people with the disease, causing anemia. This anemia is what gives the disease...
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...Sickle Cell Disorder Research Paper Sickle cell anemia is a disease passed down through families in which red blood cells form an abnormal sickle or crescent shape. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the body and are normally shaped like a disc. Sickle cell disease refers to a group of inherited red blood cell disorders. It is the most common genetic disease in the U.S. An estimated 70,000-80,000 Americans have sickle cell disease. Normal red blood cells are round like doughnuts, and they move through small blood tubes in the body to deliver oxygen. Sickle red blood cells become hard, sticky and shaped like sickles used to cut wheat. When these hard and pointed red cells go through the small blood tube, they clog the flow and break apart. This can cause pain, damage and a low blood count, or anemia. What is sickle cell trait? A person with the sickle cell trait does not have (and will never have) sickle cell disease. However, the presence of the trait may impact his/her children How do you get sickle cell disease? Sickle cell disease is not contagious; you cannot "catch" it. You inherit it from your parents. If, for example, one parent has normal hemoglobin ( type AA) and the second parent has abnormal hemoglobin ( type AS, or the sickle cell "trait"), there is a 50% chance that each child will have the sickle cell trait, but they will not have sickle cell disease ( type SS). The three most common forms of the disease in the United States are: 1. Hemoglobin...
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...factors, and knowing family history. Each person described in the scenarios has a different blood disorder caused by different factors. This paper will explain the blood disorders, identify the cause, and discuss methods for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Scenario One Amy, the four year old Caucasian girl is suffering from a blood disorder called iron deficiency anemia. This occurs when the body is not getting enough iron through the patient’s everyday diet. In Amy’s case her poor diet and her mother’s lack of financial stability is causing her to have this blood disorder. The iron helps the body to produce hemoglobin which is a part of red blood cells. Hemoglobin carries oxygen throughout the body and without enough hemoglobin the body will start to lack oxygen. Diagnosis for this blood disorder can be as simple as making a doctor’s appointment with a family physician. “Your doctor will do a physical exam and ask you questions about your medical history and your symptoms. Your doctor will take some of your blood to run tests. These tests may include a complete blood count to look at your red blood cells and an iron test that shows how much iron is in your blood” (WebMD, 2005-2010). The Doctor might also check to see if he can find what is causing the anemia. The treatment options available for this kind of anemia usually consist of taking iron pills, but if the doctor found something else that was causing...
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...Blood Disorders Paper Blood is responsible for carrying important things such as oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout our body. It consists of red and white blood cells and platelets which are used for clotting. Since red blood cells make up half of the cells within our body, they are the most abundant. Within red cells are hemoglobin nutrients which bind to iron and protein. Erythrocytes or red blood cells are suspended in plasma. The liver and spleen remove old, red blood cells which only live for approximately 120 days. Without iron in our red blood cells, iron deficient anemia can develop. Another anemia, sickle cell anemia is acquired genetically and is a severe form of anemia. Many disorders can be attributed to problems within our blood system. These problems can stem from inadequate blood clotting or non-stop bleeding. If you have an injury, our body will begin the blood clotting process. Platelets are responsible for blood clotting. They are produced in our bone marrow and mobilize clotting factors which release during a disease or injury. Vitamin K is necessary for these clotting factors. In order for bleeding to stop, platelets, thrombin, prothrombin, calcium and vitamin K are needed. The first child, Lily, has iron deficiency anemia. Normally, iron is absorbed in the body through the food we eat. It is then released into our blood stream and stored in the liver. This disorder affects those who have a diet low in iron. According to "American...
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...Effect of Sickle Cell Disease Gene of Two Parents Traits on a Child Desmond Jefferson PSY104 Holly Johnson April 15, 2013 In trying to expound the reasons why the genes of the two parents influence the traits of an offspring, with in examination of how abnormalities can contribute to genetic and / or chromosomal disorder. I will use sickles cell disease to explain my reasoning. According to Wikipedia, Sickle-cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive genetic blood disorder with over dominance, characterized by red blood cells that assume an abnormal, rigid, sickle shape. Sickle cell disease decreases the cells' flexibility and results in a risk of various complications. In this paper I will discuss how sickle cell disease occurs because of a mutation in the hemoglobin gene. Even though sickle cell gene of two parent’s traits affects a child, what are the chances of having a baby with sickle cell trait? Knowing that individuals with sickle cell trait can pass the sickle hemoglobin gene to their children and, when one parent has sickle cell trait and the other parent has normal hemoglobin the child may inherit. How do you know if you have sickle cell trait? You can easily get a blood test form most hospital, medical centers and doctor offices. When you get the blood test, it determines if you have sickle cell trait. As in women, they can find out if they have sickle cell traits during their pregnancy to find out if the child is going to have the trait or the disease...
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...is one of the most essential elements within the body. Blood is made up of plasma, red blood cells, and platelets. Blood is vital to the body functioning correctly, and it is important to understand that there are many types of blood disorders that can cause people to get sick. While there are many different types of blood disorders out there, this paper is going to cover three which are, anemia, sickle cell, and thrombocytopenia. Also, a review of plasma, red blood cells, and platelets to give a better understand of blood disorders. Plasma is the liquid portion of blood. Plasma is made up mostly of water and contains dissolved proteins, carbon dioxide, glucose, hormones, mineral ions, and clotting factors. Plasma acts as a storage unit for reserved proteins. Also, plasma keeps a person electrolytes in balanced form to protect the body from blood disorders and infection. If plasma in the blood is compromised, then the body cannot protect itself against blood disorders and infection ("American Red Cross", 2015). The red blood cells primary job is to transport oxygen. They are perhaps the most recognizable component of blood. Red blood cells are rich in oxygen. The cytoplasm of the red blood cell is rich with hemoglobin that binds oxygen and allows it to transport the oxygen throughout a person’s body. Hemoglobin is also what makes the blood look red. There are one billion red blood cells in just two to three drops of blood. ("American Red Cross", 2015). Platelets are the small...
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...exact number of people in any country with anemia is difficult to determine because the disorder often goes undiagnosed. According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), anemia affects more than 3 million Americans. Other sources estimate that 4% of men and 8% of women in the general populations of Canada, the United States, and Western Europe have mild anemia. It is thought that the rates of anemia are 2-5 times higher in the developing countries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), iron deficiency is the most important nutritional disorder in the world. WHO, estimates that 80% of the world's population may be iron deficient. The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among the geriatric population is estimated at 5-15%. Although the prevalence of anemia is greater in women than men aged less than 75, by age 75, male prevalence surpasses female prevalence by about 5%. Anemia can be mild, moderate, or severe enough to lead to life-threatening complications. More than 400 different types of anemia have been identified, many of which are rare. Iron deficiency anemia The onset of iron deficiency anemia is gradual and, at first, there may not be any symptoms. The deficiency begins when the body loses more iron than it derives from food and other sources. Because depleted iron stores cannot meet the red blood cell's needs, fewer red blood cells develop. In this early stage of anemia, the red blood cells look normal but they are reduced in number...
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...types of blood disorders. A Blood disorder affects red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. In scenario 1, Amy suffers from the disorder called anemia. Amy has low iron which causes her to be tired. Anemia that is due to low iron levels are called iron deficiency anemia. Iron is the main component of hemoglobin; anemia is caused when your red blood count and hemoglobin is less or lowers than a normal red blood cell count. Amy has some of the anemia symptoms that this disorder has which are tired, fatigue easily, appear pale, short of breath, and feeling as if your heart is racing. I have low iron as well which makes me tired and lazy. Low iron makes you feel like you have no oxygen pumping in your body which makes you feel out of breath and tired. Amy can eat food that will help give her iron like food with protein red meats, fish, raisins, soybean, and broccoli. There are many other supplements that she can imply to help control the low iron levels. Low iron levels can be caused from genetics, and medications. Some time it can be caused by hormonal changes which can cause the iron levels to be in a low count. Changing Amy’s diet can really help her iron levels, like including the supplements I included in the paper early in her diet for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Anemia is diagnosed based on your family history and a physical exam. The trait that was passed to Marcus is sickle cell anemia. Marcus is 5 year old African that carries the trait that many...
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...February 24, 2013 Samantha Bame Blood Disorders Introduction In this paper I will be discussing three different scenarios, and in each scenario I will tell a little information on the disorder. I will cover ways to prevent disorders, and symptoms of the disorder. The blood within our bodies is the body’s major transportation system. Blood is used to transport oxygen from the lungs to the cells within our body, and it removes carbon dioxide waste from the cells before it goes to the lungs. There are components in our blood that protect our body from getting diseases. The blood will recognize, and engulf microorganisms and foreign molecules that it finds in our blood. The other components of blood will transport metabolic waste from the cells to the kidneys, it will take nutrients from the digestive system to the cells, and blood will transport hormones through our body. The purpose of plasma, red blood cells, and platelets Blood is a specialized body fluid, and it contains four main components. The components of blood are plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Blood has many functions that help our body stay healthy. Plasma is a liquid component of our blood and its job is to transport blood cells throughout the body. Plasma is also responsible for carrying nutrients, waste products, antibodies, clotting proteins, and chemical messengers through the blood. Red blood cells have a special protein know as hemoglobin in them that help carry oxygen from...
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... Increasing the concentration of caffeine in Daphnia increases heart rate. Independent vs. Dependent Variable Independent Variable: One or more factors that the scientist varies during the experiment. Dependent Variable: A feature that the scientist measures in order to determine if it changed in response to the independent variable. What solutions were used to test for the 4 types of organic molecules? Iodine- Polysaccharide Benedict’s Reagent- Sugar Biuret Test- Protein Brown Paper Test- Lipids Vegetable Oil- Solubility of Lipids What does a positive test look like? -Iodine test for polysaccharide: dark purple/black/blue -Vegetable Oil test for solubility of lipids: 1 layer -Biuret test for protein: violet color -Benedict’s Reagent for sugar: very high concentration/orange-red How do you convert Celsius to Fahrenheit and vise versa? Degrees Fahrenheit= 9/5 degreesC + 32 degrees Degrees Celsius= 5/9(degreesF - 32 degrees) ...
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