... The document was a narrative written by the Barbarian, Einhard; a fostered son as well as loving and loyal subject to King of the Franks, Charlemagne, also known as Charles the Great. This piece of history was Einhards endowment to the legacy of his great king. It was once quoted by the Roman Orator, Cicero, “It is an outrageous abuse both of time and literature for a man to commit his thoughts to writing without having the ability either to arrange them or elucidate them, or attract readers by some charm of style." (Einhard) However some might receive Einhard recount as a disorder of written expression, Ms. Rose described it as, “a romanticized account of a glorious life, which leaves the reader with a little more hope for the compassions of men.” The account of Charles’ life, as written by Einhard recounts the glory of his reign by beginning with the kings’ delegation of power. Pepin, Charles father, had ruled over the Franks for 15 years before dying of dropsy in September of 768. Upon his death, Pepin consecrated his power to his two sons, Charles and Carloman. Pepin named them both kings, and mandated that they divide the country equally between them. Peace came with great difficulty at the persuasion of Carlomans court, however after only two years of reign, he died of disease. Charles was then elected unanimously, as King of the Franks. Some of Charles greatest achievements in life were through his military...
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...Catholic Schooling is a significant issue in the early American history. After Christopher Columbus landed in 1492, the English people, French, and Spaniard extended their territories and assimilated Indian by assigning missionaries and governors to develop Catholic schools in the New World. The Catholic schools in European colonies were established not only for educating European¡¦s own Catholic descents but also for making Saint Mary and Jesus Chris known by Indians. Spanish priests had accomplished better missionary tasks than the other European colonial empires like France and England. Their Catholic preaches arrived the in southern parts of the Mississippi River before 1700, and the west and south area of the Mississippi after 1700. I believe the reason why Spanish accomplished the missionary job more successfully than the others is that they paid enough reverence to Indian¡¦s tribe traditions and customs. Spanish missionaries understood that the tribe people have to retain their habits like complex cosmology worship, hunting game, and defending practice; therefore, they preserved Indian¡¦s traditional activities when converting them into Catholics. Spanish bishops transformed Indian¡¦s superstitions into Christianality step by step gently and gradually. At the same time, the Spanish missionaries traveled and fight together with tribe military soldiers from hostile attacks and introduced new industrialization technique to improve Indian¡¦s agriculture. This apparently...
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...French Historical Foundation Important Event Timeline: In ancient times France was part of the Celtic territory known as Gaul or Gallia. Its present name is derived from the Latin Francia, meaning "country of the Franks," a Germanic people who conquered the area during the 5th century, at the time of the fall of the Western Roman Empire. It became a separate country in the 9th century. (Noin) France’s earliest attempt to stake a claim in the new world occurred in 1534 when French sailor Jacques Cartier arrived in Chaleur Bay off the Gaspé peninsula. Although fishing and fur trading expeditions were successful, France made no serious attempt to colonize “New France” until the 17th century. France greatly expanded its holdings in North America during the second half of the 17th century and early 18th century. Profits from the fur trade and from providing supplies and services to the French colonial régime and its military offered the opportunity for enterprising individuals to obtain wealth not otherwise available from the trades or farming. (New France: Historical Background in Brief) In 1756, the world war known as the Seven Years’ War broke out in Europe, with France and Austria allied against England and Prussia. The English had the advantage of the mightiest navy on the seas and, with Frederick the Great on their side, the finest army in Europe. Determined to drive France out of North America, England used its superior sea power to cut New France off from Europe...
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...MEDIEVAL WEAPONS Other Titles in ABC-CLIO’s WEAPONS AND WARFARE SERIES Aircraft Carriers, Paul E. Fontenoy Ancient Weapons, James T. Chambers Artillery, Jeff Kinard Ballistic Missiles, Kev Darling Battleships, Stanley Sandler Cruisers and Battle Cruisers, Eric W. Osborne Destroyers, Eric W. Osborne Helicopters, Stanley S. McGowen Machine Guns, James H. Willbanks Military Aircraft in the Jet Age, Justin D. Murphy Military Aircraft, 1919–1945, Justin D. Murphy Military Aircraft, Origins to 1918, Justin D. Murphy Pistols, Jeff Kinard Rifles, David Westwood Submarines, Paul E. Fontenoy Tanks, Spencer C. Tucker MEDIEVAL WEAPONS AN ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THEIR IMPACT Kelly DeVries Robert D. Smith Santa Barbara, California • Denver, Colorado • Oxford, England Copyright 2007 by ABC-CLIO, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data DeVries, Kelly, 1956– Medieval weapons : an illustrated history of their impact / Kelly DeVries and Robert D. Smith. p. cm. — (Weapons and warfare series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-10: 1-85109-526-8 (hard copy : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-85109-531-4...
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...The Song of Roland is an ancient text containing many examples of chivalry, an attribute that is often associated with knights meaning to be courteous, generous, and to have valor and dexterity. Roland sets a remarkable standard for chivalry throughout this excerpt, despite his shortcomings we find in laisse 131 where, prior to the battle, he fails to call for assistance from Charlemagne out of obstinacy. He makes up for this by sounding the oliphant to call for help until his temple busts. Undeterred by his injury, Roland goes on to fight valiantly against the Saracens. In regards to Roland’s dexterity, Archbishop Turpin says, “Such gallantry a chevalier should have is he’s to carry arms and ride a horse. He must be fierce and powerful in...
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... Next arrives Michael Edward Moore’s Bishops and the Rise of Frankish Kingship, 300-850, written in 2011. His importance to the field entails his interweaving of several important concepts. He heavily looks at the rise of the Frankish Church, the manner in which, the Carolingians gained their power, and the usage of the speculum principum in the daily lives of the monarchs. With the reign of Louis the Pious, the religious ideal of kingship and the vision that the Frankish Kingdom was a sacred kingdom reached a high point, however, the civil wars and the loss of his throne destroyed his place as the most important Carolingian ruler. Among his most interesting discussions, Moore looks at the influence of Pharaonic Kingship and Biblical Kingship on Carolingian Kingship. Within those two cultures the king essentially held the title king and “bishop” or ruler of the religion. Within the Carolingian kingdom and later empire, the king worked alongside the bishops, somewhat as equals, but the king also held religious power over them. In Rewriting Saints and Ancestors: Memory and Forgetting in France, 500-1200, Constance Bouchard, examines a large section of French history. However, chapters six and seven deal exclusively with the Carolingians. Unlike most of the other historians, Bouchard studies a later time period than the Carolingians, thus giving her an outside view into the time period. She describes the creation of the Carolingian kingdom, the deposition of the Merovingians,...
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...“He used to wear the national, that is to say, the Frank, dress-next his skin a linen shirt and linen breeches, and above these a tunic fringe with silk; while hose fastened by bands covered his lower limbs, and shoes his feet, and he protected his shoulders and chest in the winter by a close-fitting coat off otter or marten skins.” Charles made his people feel like he was easily relatable by the clothes he was wearing. Charles was wanting the people to feel like they could relate to him even though he was king. Charles did not wear a lot of lavish things because most people did not have that. The more you can relate to the people the better they will like you. The quote shows how Charles tried to fit in with the commoners by wearing what most people...
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...Director Asif Kapadia’s Amy Winehouse biopic, Amy: The Girl Behind the Name, is set to air at the Cannes Film Festival this May and in theaters across the UK on July third; that’s if of course her father (Mitch Winehouse) doesn’t get his way. Mr. Winehouse, who recently viewed the first edit of the documentary based on his daughter, was none too pleased with the way he was portrayed in the film and plans to sue for deformation of character as soon as the biopic is released. The film, which Mr. Winehouse feels portrayed him as an absentee father, allegedly does not include any of the information given to the filmmakers about the involvement of Winehouse’s family in the later stages of her life and the constant effort they made to help Winehouse. Mr. Winehouse not only stated that he was sickened when he watched it for the first time, but ensures that his daughter would have been disappointed in the biopic. "Amy would have been furious. This is not what she would have wanted.” He also admits that he feels like the people associated with the making of the movie had a specific idea of what the film would be like and refused to let even the truth change that image. Due to the family’s displeasure with the film, are officially separating themselves from the biopic. In an official statement by the family’s spokesperson it is revealed that, “the Winehouse family would like to disassociate themselves from the forthcoming film about their much missed and beloved Amy." Not only does...
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...Amy Jade Winehouse was born on September 14, 1983 in Southgate, North London. Her father, Mitch Winehouse, worked as a cab driver and her mother Janis was a pharmacist. Her upbringing was surrounded by jazz, some of her uncles were professional jazz musicians and because of this musical background she grew up listening to a diverse range of music from Frank Sinatra, Ella Fitzgerald, Dinah Washington, Salt-N-Pepa, Lauryn Hill, Mos Def and Nas. Amy Winehouse vocals are in a jazz-blues, soul and funk; her beats reflect hip-hop and R&B. She was the first British female artist to ever win five Grammys in one night. Her battles with substance abuse and alcohol were subject to media attention and she admitted to having problems with self-harm, depression and eating disorders. She only had occasional live apearances some that were brilliant and other chaotic. Amy Winehouse was found dead on July 23, 2011, at her home in London. They have said that the cause of her death is "as yet unexplained" and that the death was "non-suspicious", her funeral was held on July 26, 2011. Her fans built a shrine for her outside her London home as a testament for the love they had for her. Back to Black is the second album released by Amy Winehouse in 2006, this album was darker than her first and was more about making the best out of a bad situation that she was going through. It is more about human dynamics and she was not as defensive in her writing and lets her emotions come out more...
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...Lora Brill has ideas to restructure United Cereal, because the company suffers from organizational troubles in a context of cost reductions pressure. There are also issues on the cereal market and the challenge of launching or not a new type of product, healthy oriented, on this market. The issue is to know whether the new product, called Healthy Berry Crunch, should be launched in France, in Europe as the first Eurobrand product, and what kind of organization should be implemented to make this work. Even though Lora Brill’s project of introducing a sweet blueberry product is definitely going to cost a lot of money (approximately $20 million), it can really work in France. Indeed, the French market is increasingly health oriented. Moreover, the test operated in Lyon gave satisfying results. Besides, not launching the product on the French market would mean giving the competitors a chance to go on this market first. Of course, entering a new market and being the first to do so requires taking a risky decision, but there is a lot to win on this specific market and product in France. Thus, Lora Brill should authorize the launch of Healthy Berry Crunch in France, probably through a different name though, so that French people could really understand the meaning of the brand name and feel concerned about it. This decision does not imply that the Healthy Berry Crunch should be launch as the first Eurobrand anyway. Kurt Jaeger states that cultural habits are disappearing but...
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...The Frankish king Charlemagne possessed many great qualities for a Christian king to have. His son Louis had a great role model while growing up. These good qualities include being learned, being temperate, being involved with his children, being involved in the Church, and not being power-hungry. Having a father who demonstrates these qualities is important, and it gave Louis many lessons on how to be a good Christian king. The first lesson regards being learned. A good king should make a strong effort to learn other languages beside his own native tongue. Charlemagne demonstrated this quality well, as is seen in the text: “He … was such a master of Latin that he could speak it as well as his native tongue; …” Charlemagne learned Latin and Greek. He was also very learned in the liberal arts. He spent much time learning about other subjects such as astronomy and dialects; he hired a fantastic teacher, Albin of Britain. From seeing this, one could see an important lesson; a king should be educated in many different fields and should never be content with what he knows. The second lesson regards being temperate. A good king should always be wise and careful to not drink or eat too much, as he should always have his wits about him. Charlemagne demonstrated this quality well. He never drank more than three cups of wine during a meal. And when he did drink more than usual, he would rest afterwards. This was a good quality for a king to have. The third lesson regards...
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...Authors Einhard and Notker the Stammerer express many criteria for qualities of what makes a good king in their combined work, “Two Lives of Charlemagne.” Einhard chooses to focus more on the aggressive, war-like side of King Charlemagne while Notker tends to focus on Charlemagne’s religious approach to ruling a kingdom. However, both writers consistently agree throughout their respective pieces that King Charles took pity on and gave to the poor, fostered good relationships with many people around him, and focused above all on the good of his kingdom. These are seen by medieval writers as qualities of a good king and Charlemagne’s popular reputation and high levels of respect certainly support this claim. Little is known about Einhard’s...
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...Charlemagne was the first of the true renaissance men. His list of accomplishments as a world leader are unmatched to this day. Charlemagne, also known as Charles I, and Charles the Great. April 2, 747 – January 28, 814. He was the son of Pippin III (Pippin the Short) and grandson of Charles Martel, who was first of what became known as the Carolingians. Charlemagne died January 28, 814 in Aachen, Austrasia (now part of Germany). He was king of the Franks 768-814, king of the Lombards 774-814, and first emperor of the Holy Roman Empire 800-814. He was the heir to his father and grandfather’s political, religious, and social revolution. Charlemagne recruited leading intellectuals from England, Spain, Ireland, and Italy to...
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...tribes to the north made a habit of brutaly raiding and pillaging Italian towns and cities. However, after the Western Roman Empire collapsed the people of Gaul and Germania, once enemies of Rome, became its heirs. Over three centuries following the fall of Rome, the once “barbaric” tribes that had occupied Western Europe now seemed domesticated. The Carolingian dynasty, predominantly under Charlemagne, formed a new Holy Roman Empire, and the modern states of France and Germany were begging to take shape. This along with a widespread devotion to the religion of Christianity, intermarrying of Romans and Franks, an increase of literacy rates, and an improving climate saw the Western Europeans become as civilized as the Romans had been. Putting it simply, they got soft. At this time a new horde of raiders from the north, the Vikings, were now making forays into Western Europe. As the Franks and Germans had pillaged and harassed the Roman Empire over three centuries earlier, the Vikings now did the same to Europe. The hunter had now become the hunted. Though the Vikings raided people from the Rus to...
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...Charlemagne’s Achievements Charlemagne had many significant achievements during his reign in the Holy Roman Empire. One of his greatest achievements was his military conquests. He built an empire greater than any other since ancient Rome. Charlemagne led his armies against enemies in lands surrounding the kingdom. He fought Germanic tribes and Lombards in Italy. He conquered new lands to the east and the south. He was the first leader who was able to finally reunite Western Europe since the Roman Empire. Charlemagne also became the most powerful king in Western Europe. Through his many conquests, he spread Christianity, the religion in which he felt deeply devoted. Charlemagne’s foremost religious accomplishment was spreading Christianity throughout his empire. During the conquests, Christian priests traveled with Charlemagne’s armies. When he conquered a town or country, the priests were directed to convert the people to Christianity. Charlemagne forced conquered people to convert or be tortured to death. Most people did not resist being converted. Charlemagne essentially helped the Roman Catholic Church by spreading Christianity to vast territories. Throughout his reign, Charlemagne cooperated with the church and made it very powerful. Pope Leo III wanted Charlemagne to continue to protect the church and its lands. Therefore, in 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne as the Roman Emperor. Charlemagne also had some important cultural achievements. He promoted...
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