...Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud Introduction Carl Jung (1875-1961) and Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) were two individuals whose theories on human personality would completely affect the way that people viewed the human mind. Carl Gustav was a practicing psychotherapist while Sigmund Freud created the discipline of psychoanalysis. The two men had seemingly identical beliefs about human behavior, but also had contrasting beliefs about concepts such as the ego, the psyche, and the state of unconsciousness. Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud’s Theories Sigmund Freud’s beliefs about personality were based on past experiences in an individual’s childhood. Freud stated that all human beings had three personality levels. These were the ego, the id, and the superego. The level of the id is the one that houses a person’s primitive drives and supports the enactment of decisions that are purely based on pleasure. The id’s objective is to avoid pain at all costs and only seek pleasurable sensations. The ego, on the other hand, identifies the significance of reality and makes decisions based on concepts such as judgment, perception recognition, and memory. The last level, the superego, is dedicated to seeking perfection (Reber, 2006). This level houses the individual’s accepted social morals and ideals in the conscience. Jung had different views about the different mental levels in the conscious mind. Instead of the ego, id, and superego, Jung perceived the human thought process as constituting of...
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... Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Adler are known as the pioneers of modern theories (Friedman & Schustack 2012). Their theories have changed psychological standpoints on the human mind and have become the greatest influences on modern psychology. (Friedman & Schustack 2012) Although much has changed over the years, Freud, Jung, and Adler came up with the ideas that has led to the theories of modern human behavior, personality, and thought processes. (The Science and Practice of Clinical Psychology, 2007) Nonetheless, their views, interests, and opinions were different in psychology. (The Science and Practice of Clinical Psychology, 2007) All three were psychiatrists. (The Science and Practice of Clinical Psychology, 2007) Sigmund Freud met Carl Jung after a meeting that lasted 13 hours. (The Science and Practice of Clinical Psychology, 2007) They became conspiring friends while circulating information on psychoanalysis. (The Science and Practice of Clinical Psychology, 2007) Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler encountered one another at a psychology convention in Vienna. (Bridle & Edelstein, 2000, Spring/Summer) Jung and Adler were fascinated by Freud’s interpretation of ego, superego, and id; however, they had antipathy for Freud’s idealization of sexual theories. (Bridle & Edelstein, 2000, Spring/Summer) Even though Freud held failed interest in Jung’s religious theories and was taken aback by it. (Bridle &...
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...Sigmund Freud revolutionized the study of dreams with his work The Interpretation Of Dreams. Freud developed several themes on dream psychology. He proposed the structure of the Human Psyche – the id, ego, and superego. Sigmund Freud was a world renowned psychologist and writer who forever changed the world of psychoanalysis. The three structures of the Human Psyche Freud proposed are: Id - centered around original impulses, pleasures, desires, and wish fulfillment. Ego - worried with the conscious, the sensible, the ethical and the self-aware aspect of the mind. Superego - the censor for the id, which is also responsible for enforcing the moral codes of the ego. (http://www.dreaminterpretation-dictionary.com/sigmund-freud-theory.html) First Freud believed that the Id directed our basic drive instincts. He said that it was unorganized and would seek to obtain pleasure or avoid pain. He described Id as chaos, a cauldron full of seething excitations, it is filled with energy reaching it from the instincts, but it has no organization, produces no collective will, but only motivation to bring out the satisfaction of instinctual needs. (http://www.dreaminterpretation-dictionary.com/sigmund-freud-theory.html) Next Freud thought of the Ego as the mediator, the egos job is to mediate the intropsychic conflict between the id and superego. The ego is the part of your personality that is responsible for dealing with reality, the ego strives to please the Id’s drive. ...
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...taught morals or experiences Sigmund used the term ‘sexual’ as a general term to describe pleasurable thoughts or actions Sigmund used the term ‘sexual’ as a general term to describe pleasurable thoughts or actions Freud also introduced the Oedipus (in males) and Electra (in females) complex as part of his psychosexual theory. Both in which a child feels rivalry towards the parent of the same sex and attraction to the parent of the opposite sex, which is later resolved by adopting characteristics of the same sex parent. Freud also introduced the Oedipus (in males) and Electra (in females) complex as part of his psychosexual theory. Both in which a child feels rivalry towards the parent of the same sex and attraction to the parent of the opposite sex, which is later resolved by adopting characteristics of the same sex parent. His major influence was a theory of personality development; human behavior is the result of the interactions among three components of the mind. His major influence was a theory of personality development; human behavior is the result of the interactions among three components of the mind. A theory based around the concept of a child’s interactions and experiences in life determining their adult selves. A theory based around the concept of a child’s interactions and experiences in life determining their adult selves. Psychodynamic Theory (Feelings focus) Psychodynamic Theory (Feelings focus) Psychosexual Theory- The theory that children experiences fixations...
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...Introduction to Research Paper Writing The purpose of research writing is to collect, present, and interact with what is known about a topic. Primary research is “firsthand”—original research that generates new knowledge, such as scientific studies, social science surveys or case studies, and so on. Most college papers do not involve this kind of research. Secondary research is much more common. This is done by reading and organizing materials generated by others’ studies. (Most lower division college research papers are secondary research; primary research writing always begins with a survey of already-published research, often called a “review of related literature” or “lit review.”) Since this kind of writing is using materials that others have developed and published, it is very important to document and cite the sources of material used in writing. If sources are not documented and given proper credit, the result is plagiarism. Plagiarism may not be intentional, but it is still a serious problem. Passing off ideas, concepts, and data as one’s own is a violation of intellectual integrity. It amounts to theft of intellectual property. For many reasons, then, it is critically important to learn how to properly use material collected in research. The appropriate presentation of research content uses proper format. The format, or style, of a paper refers to the systematic way in which research materials are documented and cited. The documentation of sources used in a paper is...
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...understand that it’s normal for child development to be highly variable, even when they are raised in typical conditions. This is true in two senses: a) There are differences between children in their development b) Children vary in the rate of their own development from one period to the next Parents must make important decisions about raising children that can have a major impact on their child’s emotional and intellectual development (Lahey (2007) page 320, para 6). What forces causes us to change as we pass through life? What factors determine whether we grow up to be baseball players or umpires, musicians or opticians? We will look at the factors that play key roles in the process of development (Lahey (2007) page 316, para 1). Sigmund Freud gave us a language for our dreams, our deep secrets, our darkest...
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...many years. In dissimilarity these trait theories describe personality as it exist, “psychoanalytic theories of one’s personality helps to explain the differences among individuals by means of examining how these unconscious forces interchange with his or her thoughts, actions, and feelings. Psychoanalytic theory was discovered by our father of psychology Sigmund Freud” (Feist & Feist, 2009, para. 3). Many of Freud’s theories have placed in the field of medicine, religion, and anthropology. The theory of personality was discovered from Freud, and this has been one of the most persuasive and at, the same time, controversial, in the field of science. Melanie Klein gave some great contributions to the field and Klein’s relation theory, and Alder’s psychology theory. Both of these contributed his and her thoughts to the elaboration, exploitation, and elaboration to psychology. Alfred Alder Individual Psychology Alfred Alder (1870-1937) was in Freud’s inner circle and the first to leave. Individual psychology was Alder’s idea. “Instead of seeing behavior by unconscious forces, believed it is purposeful and goal-directed” (Bottome, 1939, p. 4). The ability to choose and create was Alder’s belief. He also believed that he or she has goals in life that provide a good source of his or her own motivations, especially his or her goals that will acquire security and incredulous the feeling of inferiority. Alfred Alder and Sigmund Freud The two men over the years have emphasized...
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...Sigmund Freud is known as one of the most influential and recognized names in the field of psychology. Freud was one of the founding fathers of psychology and had many contributions such as the Oedipus complex, Freudian Slips and Dream Analysis to name a few. His study of the psychology on the mind and repressed feelings all attribute to his contributions to psychology. One of Freud’s most interesting was on Dream Analysis which encompasses the symbolism in the mind during the dreaming stage of the sleep cycle. Sigmund Freud was born in Austria in 1856 and studied as a neurologist and psychiatrist at the University of Vienna. While at the university he presented his studies on psychodynamics in Ernest Wilhelm von Brucke’s Lectures of Physiology. Later in 1879, Freud completed his studies and obtained his Dr. Med with his thesis on the spinal cord of lower fish species. Freud opened his own practice in 1886 focusing on Neurology. At his practice, Freud started initially used hypnosis to help his neurotic patients, but then stopped in favor of the psychotherapeutic approach. Patients would relay their feelings through speech, also coined as the “talking cure” by Anna O, one of Freud’s patients. As Freud continued his studies, he believed that sexual interaction hindered ones accomplishments in life and so he ceased sexual relations with his wife. According to Freud’s biographer, Ernest Jones, Freud was absolutely celibate “in order to sublimate the libido for creative purposes...
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...of WW1 and Freudian theories on Western Societies The twentieth century was a huge turning point for the entire world. Europeans were experiencing something that had never happened in their lifetimes before. Early in the twentieth century WW1 breaks out in Europe and a new way of looking at the human mind emerges. These events and people would really change cultures around the world. Beliefs in the Enlightenment would never be the same and modern day societies are still influenced at what was achieved and destroyed during this time. I am going to highlight the life of Sigmund Freud’s and how his theories impacted how we look at the human mind today. Then I will go over World War 1 and how it completely changed cultures of the west. Finally I will explain how WW1 and Sigmund Freud connected and changed western societies forever. Sigmund Freud was born in Freiberg, Moravia in 1856. There is not a lot of information on Sigmund Freud’s early life because he chose to keep it out of the public’s eye. “Little is known of Freud’s early life as he twice destroyed his personal paper, once in 1885 and again in 1907” (Psychologist, World). His personal papers were closely guarded in Sigmund Freud’s archives and only available to Ernest Jones his official biographer. Freud published countless theories that created a lot of controversy in his time and still in our modern world today. Sigmund published many works but most of them if not all of them go back to his theory on psychoanalysis, a...
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...Sigismund Schlomo Freud, later changed to Sigmund Freud, was a major believer in psychoanalysis. Although, Sigmund did not first start out majoring in psychoanalysis, he had a medical major. Learning what he needed to know at the University of Vienna, Sigmund had many accomplishments. In which one being when he received his medical degree while attempting to become a member of the medical department. Sigmund was born on May 6, 1856 to his parents Amalie and Jacob Freud. He was born and raised in Freiberg, Moravia, which was also known as the Czech Republic. The family moved when Sigmund was four years old to Vienna. Vienna was an ideal place where they would live and spend time working as a family. Sigmund’s father had been married three times trying to find the perfect match. His father had two kids...
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...it relates to personality, theorists such as Sigmund Freud, Carl G. Jung, and Alfred Adler all developed their theories to describe personality. To better understand the mentioned theorist’s beliefs it is necessary to compare and contrast the various psychoanalytic theories characteristics as well as to make mention of the portions that are agreeable or disagreeable. Also, the stages of Sigmund Freud's theory and Freudian defense mechanisms will be conversed. Comparison and Contrast of Psychoanalytical Theories Freud, Jung, and Adler psychoanalytic theories were all created with the purpose to explain the development of personality. Freud’s beliefs about personality were that it was developed through various stages using erogenous zones. If any of the phases of development were unsuccessful, the individual would have personality issues in adulthood. Jung, on the other hand, did agree with Freud about a person’s past experiences playing a role in future behavior. However, he believed that a person's aspirations also played a role in their behavior (Mcleod, 2013) His theory identified an ego, personal unconscious and the collective unconscious. The ego is one's sense of who they are. The unconscious are thoughts that a person is not aware of, and the collective unconscious contains universal emotional symbols that make the person a part of society. Alfred Adler, on the other hand, opposed Sigmund Freud's theories. Adler's theories were based on superiority, success, and perfection...
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... Sigmund Freud come from a small town called Freiberg in Moravia he was born May 6, 1856 he was a smart child who always stayed at the top of his class he went to medical school. Freud farther was a sharp man who worked as a wool merchant with a firm and steady mind, his mother was the third wife an attractive woman who married his father Jacob Freud he was 20years older than she despite the age difference Sigmund father loved and adore his wife. When Sigmund Freud was around two half years old his mother added a new edition to the family a bouncing baby girl which gave Freud an epitome leaving him in suspense. Since the birth of his sister Sigmund Freud wonder at such an early age about the function of humanity such as confrontation between brothers and sisters, things got a little more unease when Freud realized his two half brothers from a previous marriage lived near him and was effectuated over his mother. Young Freud did not understand why did his half brothers was effectuated with his mother? In later years Freud will remember the tangle erotic relationship of his childhood (Gay, 1998; James, 1953). Martha Bernays and Sigmund met in 1882 were they feel in love and pursue their relationship between one another the couple did not have enough money for an early wedding nor would their background will allow them to participate in any sexual conduct. Dr Sigmund and Martha decided at the early age of 20 that all...
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...Born on December 3, 1895, Anna Freud was the youngest daughter of Sigmund and Martha Freud’s six children. As a young girl, Anna was always fighting for Martha's attention. Constantly in the shadows of older sister Sophie’s beauty, Anna learned to loath Sophie and Martha and took to her father. Anna was continuously reading the works of Sigmund and became instantly interested in psychoanalysis. As Anna grew, she began to work with Sigmund exploring the idea of psychoanalysis and together they turned it into one of the most widely used methods of psychology. The mutual interest in psychoanalysis brought father and daughter together and formed a close bond between them. Sigmund stated in his book “The Interpretation of Dreams” that, “Annerl had a masculine appetite and aggression, and is beautiful with naughtiness” (Hernandaz, 2008). When Anna was around seventeen years old, she took a two year vacation in which she stayed in Vienna with her grandmother. At the time, Anna was suffering from an illness that was then called, “it”, but can be safely labeled as depression (Hernandaz, 2008). While on vacation, Sigmund wrote to his daughter often and offered advice on how to overcome the “it” she was suffering from. Half way through the vacation however, Anna received a letter from Sigmund stating she was not invited to her sister Sophie’s wedding and subsequently, Anna was once again overtaken with depression. After her two year stay in Vienna, Anna, "...worked as an elementary school...
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...such as Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Adler answer these fascinating questions through systematic observations about how and why individuals behave as they do. These personality psychologists tend to avoid abstract philosophical or religious musings and focus instead on the thoughts, feelings, and, behaviors of real people. In this assessment I will talk about Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Adler’s theories and explain what makes each of them different. Sigmund Freud had different views on comprehending how people act. Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Alder are very different. Freud hinted that childhood experiences, repressed erotic feelings, and unconscious conflicts can affect adult behavior. Freud believed that the motivating force of a dream is wish fulfillment. However, Freud based most psychological things on sexuality. Freud believed that every imagery and symbol that appears in a dream have a sexual connotation. For example, anxiety dreams were seen as a sign of repressed sexual impulses. Carl Jung promotes the concept of archetypes, which are the images, patterns, and symbols that rise out of the collective unconscious and appear in dreams, mythology, and fairy tales. Jung was different from Freud because he believed that dreams can reveal others motives than aggression and sexuality. Freud also believed that dreams had a meaning. Jung was never completely into Freud’s idea, so he left Freud to develop his own theory. Jung called his theory Analytic...
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...Psychoanalytic theory PSY250 01/07/10 Psychoanalytic theory Introduction: Psychoanalysis is grounded on the observation that individuals are often unaware of many of the factors that control their emotions and behavior. These unconscious factors may create unhappiness. (Cherry,2012). Compare and contrast the psychoanalytic theories of Freud, Jung and Alder Pioneers of psychology, Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung and Alfred Alder were influential thinkers, early founders and significant contributors to the science of psychology (Goodwin, 2008). Carl believed that dreams contained significant insight into people’s Psyche and theorized that for people to become whole, they must be thought to integrate the unconscious with the conscious mind in a process he called individuation. (Malamud, 1923).Freud based most psychological things on sexuality, and Adler promoted the theory of individuality. According to Freud human personality is divided into Id, ego, and superego. (Friedman & Schustack, 2009). Each of these characters has its own idea of what the outcome of the story should be. Their struggles are fueled by powerful motives, and each one is out for itself. (Cash, 2011) The ego is the conscious and thinking self, the personal unconscious is the collective personal expenses unique to each individual, and the collective unconscious is a collection of experiences and behavior patterns that is common to all people. (Sheedy, 2011). Jung on the other hand...
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