...Baudrillard’s Theory of Hyper-reality One of the leading figures in postmodernism is Jean Baudrillard. Baudrillard began his analysis with Marxism and modernity, and developed what he considered a more radical approach – a society of simulations, implosions and hyper-reality, where it is difficult to distinguish image from reality and where signs and simulations have become society. Baudrillard considers society to have entered a new era. Society is no longer based upon the production of material goods, but upon the selling of signs and images, its culture is of “Simulacrum”. He also suggests that these signs and images have little or no relationship to reality. He sees the postmodern society consisting of an exchange of images that he refers to as “simulacra”. These simulacrums are images of things that do not, or never have existed. In his essay “Precession of Simulacra” Baudrillard states that what has happened in postmodern culture is that society has become so reliant on signs, models, images and maps that people have lost all contact with the real world that before preceded the map. Reality itself has begun merely to imitate the model and images, which now precedes and determines the real world: "The territory no longer precedes the map, nor does it survive it. It is nevertheless the map that precedes the territory—precession of simulacra—that engenders the territory" (Baudrillard 1). Furthermore according to him, when it comes to postmodern simulation and simulacra, “It is...
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...eating a hamburger, but deep down there’s message that the director want to get across that can be analyzed through various theorem taught in the class. The group chose “Post-Modernism”, “Barthes’s semiotics” and “Baudrillard’s Simulacra and Simulation” theorem to analyze the subject in matter. Perhaps we chose these 3 are because the content of the clip is laden with subdued symbols and signs and the relationship between objects in the clip. The segregation of art, between high and low. A model where cultural, political and social progress defines art. A movement that flourished from post world war development and growth in society. The entire characteristic above signifies Modernism, and Postmodernism is standing opposed of that. Postmodernism rises from time of peace, it does not dictate rules or narratives, instead it focuses on contradiction, reality and disorder. Postmodernism mixes the high and low art from the Modernist period as a statement that there is no boundaries to art. The clip of Andy Warhol eating a hamburger was a small section of a larger documentary called 66 Scenes of America by Jorgen Leth. The documentaries itself is a representation of values in Postmodernism, as it consist of rather random shots of American realities which provokes the sense of patriotism and freedom. Andy Warhol in this clip is...
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...importance of postmodern philosophy and cyber culture to the visual sense of The Matrix is declared from its very opening titles. Random strings of green neon data are scrolled against a black background imbuing the viewer with a sense of the virtual and the cybernetic and this is concretised and given definite focus later on as Neo (Keanu Reeves) hides the two thousand dollars given to him by Anthony in a copy of Simulacra and Simulation by Baudrillard. This reference however is more than a mere visual joke it is a signifier for a number of the film’s sub-textual tropes and motifs. For Baudrillard, the notion of the simulacra was central to an understanding of the modern capitalist society. In his essay “The Precession of the Simulacra” (2004) he offers up four vital concepts, all of which appear, in one form or another in The Matrix: the simulation, the simulacra, the Real and the hyper-real. The simulation covers the gaps in the Real, the actual; as Baudrillard says “To simulate is to feign to have what one doesn’t have” (Baudrillard, 2004: 3). The simulation takes on the image of the Real in order to...
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...Thomas Dietrich Department of Politics, University of Michigan 1. Expressions of genre If one examines the neodialectic paradigm of reality, one is faced with a choice: either accept textual precultural theory or conclude that the collective is capable of truth. Thus, an abundance of deconstructions concerning not materialism, but postmaterialism may be found. The subject is contextualised into a textual capitalism that includes sexuality as a reality. Therefore, the characteristic theme of the works of Fellini is the dialectic, and eventually the meaninglessness, of predialectic class. The subject is interpolated into a constructivist discourse that includes art as a whole. In a sense, Derrida uses the term ‘rationalism’ to denote the bridge between narrativity and society. Bataille suggests the use of neotextual rationalism to deconstruct sexist perceptions of class. 2. Rationalism and the material paradigm of discourse “Consciousness is intrinsically responsible for hierarchy,” says Derrida. It could be said that the primary theme of Prinn’s[1] analysis of the patriarchial paradigm of narrative is the role of the writer as artist. If textual precultural theory holds, we have to choose between rationalism and Lacanist obscurity. But the subject is contextualised into a textual precultural theory that includes reality as a reality. Rationalism implies that consensus is created by the collective unconscious, given that art is distinct from language. It could be said...
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...This is an interesting question partly because it is a complex query dressed up in a simple manner. There are many terms here which require a great deal of unpicking before being able to arrive at any sort of warranted conclusion. As a result, there are some assumptions that will have to be made in order to analyse these concepts in a concise framework. Here we have terms like ‘reason’ (and qualified as ‘very strong’), ‘belief’ and ‘false’. In other words, this essay is primarily an epistemological investigation into reason, belief and truth. I will first, and somewhat briefly, define what I feel qualifies as truth before looking at what it would take to have a warranted belief in a false (untrue) proposition. My approach after this will take on a twofold tack. Firstly, I will attempt to establish a reliable method of arriving at a truth. In other words, if one uses what can be deemed as an unreliable epistemological methodology[1], then one is not warranted (i.e does not have very strong reasons) in believing a proposition, especially if another agent can somehow reliably deem this proposition as being false. Secondly, I will look at whether one can have a defensible epistemological method which arrives at a belief in a proposition that is untestable[2]. Thus both prongs can assume that the agent is not aware that the proposition is false and may not, in some instances, even have any way of knowing this. Finally, I will explain that the word and notion ‘reason’ can take on two...
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...Mapping the Modern “An argumentative essay on ‘Gender’ through comparison and contrast of the views of authorities who are postmodern practitioners” Introduction Defining postmodernism as well as gender is an extremely difficult task if not impossible. This essay is an argument on the two postmodernist’s concept on ‘Gender’. This essay argues posing foucauldian postmodernism of Judith Butler against Baudrillardean post modernism of Arthur and Marilouse Kroker with analysis on both their ideas on gender including sex and sexuality. This essay also argues that these two approaches are fully flawed for a number of important reasons. This essay offered an argument on the ideas of two of the most prominent postmodernists in the field of ‘Gender’ including sex and sexuality namely Judith Bultler and Discussion Postmodernism of Judith Butler Judith Butler is one among the most influential proponent of postmodern practitioner of gender including sex and sexuality. In Gender Trouble It is stated that identity of gender constitutes the very expressions which are its results and does not go beyond the expressions of gender. Butler does not consider gender as an appropriate social as well as natural expressions of a sexed body, but it is a fluid identity which is always in a deferral state ad does not exist fully at any given point of time (Norris, 2010). She does not believe in the notion of a stable and essential identity of gender manifesting itself by way of external activities...
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...Week 5 Essay After reading the three readings, I can see some similarity and differences between the readings from the philosophers. Comparing the Matrix and Plato’s, the similarity is they both agree that the life we are experiencing is not as real as what it appears to be. It is simply an illusion and a life that we can question and doubt about. From Matrix’s story this happens when Neo ‘the hacker’ had a dream that made him think about the reality and the thought that there is something more to life. When Morpheus came and told him “that the world is an illusion, an elaborate system of deception perpetrated to keep people contentedly under control” (Wachowski & Wachowski, 1999). Neo then choose to eat the pill and see the truth that the human race is only relying on a machine to keep their bodies alive. Human beings are actually unconscious, therefore they are controlled by the machine. Because of this, what we see or do today happens because we are programmed into a computer simulation called Matrix. From Plato’s allegory, we see it when Socrates described men’s nature being as prisoners since childhood; being chained inside a cavern not being able to move their heads, but only looking. When one of the prisoners was released and was given the opportunity to see the light; and guided with what was going on. The human being that has seen the light will think what “he had seen before was all a cheat and an illusion. He will then want to turn toward real things”...
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...Essay Questions The hierarchy of business decision makers categorizes organizations based on how they use business research to make decisions. List and explain the three levels in the hierarchy. The three levels in the hierarchy are the base tier, the middle tier, and the top tier. Organizations in the base tier are called intuitive decision makers because they use past experience and intuition to make decisions. The middle tier organizations are called standardized decision makers because they base some decisions on business research and others are past experience. The top tier is called the visionaries because they consider research to be the foundation of any good decision. This group may also develop specific proprietary methods of research. What is the difference between applied research and basic research? Applied research is research that has a practical problem-solving emphasis and is conducted to reveal answers to specific questions related to action, performance, or policy needs. Basic research is designed to solve problems of a theoretical nature with little direct impact on strategic or tactical decisions. Essay Questions What are the seven basic principles of the U.S. Safe Harbor Agreement? List each principles and explain what it means for companies seeking to adhere to the agreement. The seven basic principles are 1) notice, 2) choice, 3) access, 4) security, 5) onward transfer, 6) data integrity, and 7) enforcement. Companies must notify consumers about...
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...engineering complained that the transition from slide rules to calculators had affected their students' ability to deal with issues of scale. When students used slide rules, they had to insert decimal points themselves. The professors insisted that that required students to maintain a mental sense of scale, whereas those who relied on calculators made frequent errors in orders of magnitude. Additionally, the students with calculators had lost their ability to do "back of the envelope" calculations, and with that, an intuitive feel for the material. That same semester, I taught a course in the history of psychology. There, I experienced the impact of computational objects on students' ideas about their emotional lives. My class had read Freud's essay on slips of the tongue, with its famous first example: The chairman of a parliamentary session opens a meeting by declaring it closed. The students discussed how Freud interpreted such errors as revealing a person's mixed emotions. A computer-science major disagreed with Freud's approach. The mind, she argued, is a computer. And in a computational dictionary -- like we...
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...report highlights your individual learning preferences and breaks down each category with suggested methods. Based on the personal learning profile received, it indicated the learner was multimodal. This indicates multiple preferences when taking in new information. The three highlighted preferences received were: Visual, Read/Write and Kinesthetic. Visual, meaning learning through the use of different formats designed to convey information. Diagrams, labeled charts and maps are all examples of the Visual modality using something that could be explained in words by another means. Read/write, this includes written word in all forms. Examples are PowerPoint presentations, dictionaries, manuals, reports and essays. Kinesthetic refers to hands on learning; practice, simulation or application. According to Fleming and Mills (1992) “Although such an...
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...Marketing Principles FALL 2012 Marketing 345 – Section 004 Instructor: Phone: E-mail: Dr. Gwen Fontenot 337-482-6136 fontenotg@louisiana.edu Class Time & Location: MW 1:00 – 2:15 p.m. – MX 103A Office: Office Hours: Moody Hall 332 9:30 a.m. – 11:00 a.m. -- M, W 9:30 a.m. – 11:00 a.m. 2:30 p.m. – 3:00 p.m. -- M, W 9:00 a.m. – 11:00 a.m. – T, R Students are advised to email the instructor to schedule appointments for meetings (even for meetings during office hours) to ensure that the instructor doesn’t have other appointments at those times. PREREQUISITE: Students must be in Upper Division. REQUIRED TEXT: Marketing, 3rd Edition by Grewal & Levy; ISBN - 978-0077632694. You must have access to Connect. REQUIRED SIMULATION LICENSE: $25 Marketplace Simulation Live COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course provides an introduction to the vocabulary, theories, and practices of the business functional area of marketing to include segmentation, target marketing and positioning. It emphasizes developing and implementing marketing strategies and deciding appropriate product distribution, price, and promotion strategies for identified target markets. COURSE LEARNING EXPECTATIONS: The expectations of this course are for you to: 1. Define and apply marketing terms and vocabulary. 2. Explain the role of marketing in an organization, the philosophy of the marketing concept, the marketing mix, and how ethical and environmental factors affect marketing decisions. 3. Explain how marketing theories...
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...Imagine you are a freshman in college taking your first English Composition class. You are sitting at your desk and watching as your teacher gives a forty-minute lecture on cause and effect essays. How do you feel? How much information have you retained? Would it make a difference if she used a PowerPoint with her main ideas on a slide? At what point did you tune out? A study on active learning found that lecture-style teaching increases failure rate by 55% (Friedman et al., 8412), but there are many variations to standard lecture style teaching. Now imagine you are the same freshman and are given a brief handout on cause and effect. Then, for forty minutes you watch the pilot television episode of The Flash (based off of the DC...
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...adults. People want someone who possesses similar qualities, yet at the same time, they want someone who will fill their flaws and make them a better person. For some, this process of finding the perfect partner can take years upon years, but the 21st century technology of online dating sites now allows prospective users to find potential dates within a few days. While this may sound like a breakthrough in the science of relationships, doubt regarding its viability exists. Lori Gottlieb, a renowned author who often focuses on the topic of online matchmaking, asks the question, “In the subjective realm of love, can cold, hard science help?” (2) To answer this question, Gottlieb endures countless hours of research, interviews, and simulations, writing her article “How Do I Love Thee?” as a final masterpiece to display her findings. Through a sarcastic tone, witty asides, specific details, and emotional, logical, and ethical appeals, Gottlieb effectively illustrates her discoveries on whether or not science can truly determine compatibility and lasting love. Before she places her opinion on display, Gottlieb first builds up the article with interesting statements to keep the reader engaged. She frequently inserts her own sarcastic opinions into her article, sometimes through asides and parenthesis, and other times through appositives or descriptions. Her sarcasm brings the article to life, drawing in and captivating readers. She writes, “I’d taken the company’s exhaustive...
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...Question 1 Behaviourism is primarily concerned with observable and measurable aspects of human behaviour rather than thinking for oneself. People have no free will – a persons environment determines their behaviour. Behaviourism has allowed for research that investigates the depth of the mind Question 2 Cognitively Guided Instruction (CGI) - Can be used to show the importance of language and listening in teaching as a social construct eg learners are able to solve problems without direct instruction by drawing upon informal knowledge of everyday situations and through dialogue. CGI may be used as an approach to for eg teach Maths with the main focus on the practice of listening to learners mathematical thinking and using it as a basis for instruction Scaffolding - Builds learning bridges Requires the teacher to provide learners with the opportunity to extend their current skils and knowledge The teacher must engage the learners interest, simplify task so that they are manageable and motivate learners to follow the instructional goal The teacher must also look for discrepancies between learners efforts and the solution Scaffolding is a teaching strategy that can be used to help the teacher understand the learners way of thinking. Knowing how a learner thinks gives the teacher an advantage in predicting ho the learner will react to questions in the assessment process. Scaffolding provides a temporary, supportive and adjustable framework for a learner...
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...6 Religious Issues: 7 Philosophical Issues: 7 CURRENT RELATED RESEARCHES: 7 FUTURE RESEARCH: 8 CONCLUSION: 8 REFRENCES: 9 WHOLE BRAIN EMULATION INTRODUCTION: The term emulation originates in computer science, where it denotes mimicking the function program or computer hardware by having its low‐level functions simulated by another program. While a simulation mimics the outward results, emulation mimics the internal causal dynamics. The emulation is regarded as successful if the emulated system produces the same outward behavior and results as the original. Whole brain emulation (also referred to as mind uploading or mind transfer) is the hypothetical process of scanning and mapping a biological brain in detail and copying its state into a computer system or another computational device. The computer would have to run a simulation model so faithful to the original that it would behave in essentially the same way as the original brain, or for all practical purposes, indistinguishably. The simulated mind is assumed to be part of a virtual reality simulated world, supported by a simplified body simulation model. In analogy to a software emulator, a brain emulator is software (and possibly dedicated non‐brain hardware) that models the states and functional dynamics of a brain at a relatively fine‐grained level of detail. BRIEF HISTORY: The first attempt at a careful analysis of brain emulation was a technical report (Merkle, 1989b) predicting, “a complete analysis...
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