...Distribution of wealth has plagued the world since the conception of countries and nation-states. The world’s first cultural centers such as Mesopotamia and Greece harbored rancid poverty along with unbridled riches, and the effect was decidedly negative. The lack of a middle class bred resentment, and the accepted duality of the system made escaping the cycle of poverty a futile goal. In his piece, “The Singer Solution to World Poverty,” Singer challenges the world to attack this inequality, and compels the fortunate population to give away money usually spent on luxuries. Exorbitant displays of wealth have no place in an international climate where entire communities are unable to find nourishment, drinking water, and medical care, and...
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...Prosperity can be achieved through acts of giving rather than keeping for yourself. In “The Singer Solution to World Poverty”, Peter Singer reveals the urgent need for food and medical supplies around the world. His solution to this problem is that instead of people spending their money on items that are not necessary to have and instead spending it on supplies to send to other cities, states, or countries to help those who struggle to live each day. There are so many things in life that we spend money on but never use although we believe that they are necessary to our “survival”, when there are so many other people who are not even sure if they are going to live to see the next day. Many studies show that the main reason that people do not...
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...approximately 2% of disposable income to charity in 2014, a percentage which has not changed significantly in decades, regardless of the strength of the economy.” This is a deplorable amount considering the US has one of the highest disposable incomes per citizen. In Peter Singer’s essays “Famine, Affluence, and Morality” and “The Singer Solution to World Poverty” he makes the argument that people are morally obligated to help someone as long as they are not put in a morally compromising position. Singer’s argument is valid because people have the means to help others they just feel like they have to keep up with the latest trends. If people were to donate a portion of the money they spent on luxuries each month then the amount of suffering people who are not able to provide for themselves would dissipate....
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...summarized are Jan Narveson’s article “Feeding the Hungry” and Peter Singer’s article “Singer Solution to The World.” This paper will also discuss utilitarianism and virtue ethics and how individually each article ties into both ethical theories. In the article Singer Solution to World Poverty, Peter Singer offers a solution to world poverty. Singers solution is clear-cut and precise. Singer claims that to successfully end world poverty, whatever money not spent on necessities and devoted to luxuries, should be given away to those less fortunate. To pull at the reader's emotions, throughout the text Singer uses hypothetical pathos scenarios to deliver an overall theme of sacrifice. Singer opens up the text...
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...Merton C. Flemings, Vice-Chair, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA Evan I. Schwartz, Rapporteur, Author and Independent Journalist, USA Shereen El Feki, The Economist, UK David Grimshaw, Intermediate Technology Development Group, UK Pamela Hartigan, Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship, Switzerland Ashok Khosla, Development Alternatives, India Ehsan Masood, LEAD International, UK Penelope Mawson, LEAD International, UK Nick Moon, ApproTEC, Kenya Adil Najam, Fletcher School, Tufts University, USA Julia Novy-Hildesley, Lemelson Foundation, USA Anna Richell, Design Council, UK Ammon Salter, Imperial College London, UK Eugenio de Motta Singer, ERM, Brazil Rory Stear, Freeplay Energy Corp., UK Zhang Lubiao, Institute of Agricultural Economics, China 2 Foreword This draft document comprises Recommendations and a Summary of the discussion from a workshop held at the secretariat of LEAD International in London in November 2003, as part of a larger study on invention and inventiveness. The study will culminate in an “Invention Assembly” in Washington D.C. in April 2004. The study is supported by the Lemelson-MIT Program and by the National Science Foundation. The Assembly will be hosted by the National Academy of Engineering. 3 Contents Key findings and recommendations Introduction The role of invention and innovation Case studies: Africa Case studies: India Case studies: China Case studies: Latin America The rise of social entrepreneurship An agenda for further...
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...CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN BANGLADESH: PRACTICE AND PERPETUITY Promoting Safety, Enforcing Rights Corporate Social Responsibility in Bangladesh: Practice and Perpetuity Supported by Published by Promoting Safety, Enforcing Rights Corporate Social Responsibility in Bangladesh: Practice and Perpetuity Researcher Rumana Sobhan Porag Safety and Rights Society Published by Safety and Rights Society 14/23 Babor Road (4th floor) Block B, Mohamadput Dhaka 1207 Tel: +88 02 - 9119903-4 Mobile: +88- 01193 200207, +88- 01191 797414 www.safetyandrights.org info@safetyandrights.org Date of Publication January, 2014 Copyright Safety & Rights Society Printed by Chowdhury Printers and Supply 48/A/ Badda Nagar, B.D.R. Gate No. 1 Pilkhana, Dhaka-1205 ISBN : 978-984-33-6453-1 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to express our appreciation to the following individuals and organisations, without whose support this research would not be possible to accomplish. Our appreciation goes to the business leaders who provided their valuable time in sharing their views and CSR practices, and for the in-depth discussions on the current situation and ways and means of improving CSR practice in Bangladesh. We were encouraged by the enthusiasm shown by the private sector and their willingness to meet with us and share their experience, often at very short notice. Without the support from these leaders, our study would not have been possible. We would...
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...another degree or diploma. No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of the thesis. Chetan Chauhan December 02, 2014 SUMMARY Everyone in this world wants to have a better life. A life which is full of all the basic necessities and is stable and worry free. In the pursuit of a better life people move from one place to another, soon leading to a major problem these days called Brain drain. When people move from one pace to another they don’t just take their things with them they also take away their brains, their knowledge, talents and abilities. Which soon become available for the host nation, which initially belongs to the native country, but is no longer available. This unavailability of the knowledge hurts the native nation, they struggle to develop, which soon leads to different problems like poverty, instability. This leads to a situation where the developed becomes more developed and developing remains developing. To overcome this issue and spread equity, everyone i.e. immigrants, potential immigrants and the governments of both the nations, should come together. Exchange of the knowledge should be preferred rather than transfer of knowledge. If the concept of exchange of the knowledge is opted then in the soon world we can see an equally developed world. Table of Contents Title Page 1 Authorship statement 2...
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...Operant conditioning Psychopathology- the study of abnormal behaviour Biological functions such as eating, drinking and sleeping are regulated by… • Homeostasis: steady state of equilibrium within bodily systems. A system is returned to a resting level through motivational states that energise and direct homeostasis-restoring behaviours. ! • Thus, homeostatic systems include several features: 1. Set Point: biologically optimal level the system strives to maintain. 2. Feedback mechanisms: provide information regarding the state of the system with respect to variables being regulated. 3. Corrective mechanisms: restore the system to its set point when needed. Physiological needs describe a deficient biological condition. Occur with tissue and bloodstream deficits, as from water loss, nutrient deprivation or physical injury. ➡ If water loss occurs below an optimal homeostatic level (around 2%) this creates the physiological need that underlies thirst. defined as • THIRST iswater deficit.a consciously experienced motivational state (drive) that readies the body to perform behaviours needed to replenish ➡ So drive is a psychological (not biological) term. Conscious manifestation of an underlying biological need that has motivational properties (to energise and direct behaviour). ➡ How does thurst arise? Water lies inside (intracellular fluid contributes 40% body weight) and outside (extracellular fluid contributes 20% body weight) cells. ! We may distinguish between osmometric...
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...and create greater opportunities for their children. Many of us who chose to work in “development”, or who accidently ended up doing this work, must learn how to work in communities which face horrendous challenges. Engaging people in improving their own communities and, perhaps, working on broader issues demands that we develop great skills and knowledge, not to mention a certain attitude, some character, plenty of courage, and listening skills. Most of us simply behave like backpackers on our way to solve the world’s problems and save humanity from itself. Mistakes are made along the way, success stories abound, lives are damaged and rebuilt, hopes restored, and life goes on. Many practitioners working in communities around the world, and people who want to become development practitioners, will admit that they are constantly struggling with the true definition of “development”. The key word describing their goal could well have been “progress”, “modernization”, “transformation” or something else. A great many definitions of “development” have been used in the past few decades, and these different definitions have affected the content of training...
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...“Just War” to limit violence and destruction by sanctioning only wars fought for justifiable courses. The pacifists and internationalists, like Desiderius Erasmus, condemned war in its entirety as “immoral and wasteful”. 2. The need to institute mechanics for peaceful settlement of disputes and prevent war encouraged the formation of various international organizations over time. These include the Congress of Vienna and Concert of Europe in 1815. The Hague System worked towards the codification of international law, formulated a set of procedures for pacific settlement, which included mediation, conciliation and inquiry in 2 conferences of 1899 and 1907. The third conference could not however hold in 1915 due to the outbreak of the First World War (WWI) 2. 3. The League of Nations emerged after WWI. It was an international alliance for the preservation of peace. The League was...
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...| Business Leadership and Human Values Seminar2 CreditsBU 131.601.F5Summer Session 2016Wednesdays 1:30-4:30pm -- June 8 – July 27 Harbor East Room 230 | Instructor Rick Milter, Ph.D. Contact Information Phone Number: 410.234.9422 milter@jhu.edu Office Hours Typically before class session or by appointment. Required Learning Materials This course is a series of thematic conversations about human values and your responsibilities as an emerging/aspiring business leader. There is no traditional textbook, but there is much reading. You are required to read The Moral Compass: Leadership for a Free World, a workbook by Lindsay Thompson available online as a PDF in Course Documents. You will find details about required learning materials in the Bibliography and Theme Briefs sections of the Syllabus. Course Description and Overview This course explores ethical leadership as a framework for enterprise value creation in a complex environment of competing economic and moral claims. Students examine the intrinsic ethical challenges of leadership and the concept of a moral compass as a foundation for responding effectively to the ethical challenges of corporate citizenship and value creation in a competitive global economy. (2 credits) Syllabus Table of Contents Page Topic 2 Bibliography & Learning Resources 6 Calendar, Seminar Structure, Theme Briefs, Content 42 Seminar Preparation Toolkit 48 Learning Objectives, Graded Assignments...
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...outcomes, especially if entrepreneurship policies are based solely on economic indicators. Policies addressing both economic and social perspectives may foster more productive entrepreneurial outcomes, albeit at a more constrained economic pace. The study extends the related BOP, entrepreneurship, global value chain, and sustainable tourism literatures by examining the poor as entrepreneurs, the role of local innovation, and how entrepreneurship policies generate different social impacts within poor communities. Keywords: base of the pyramid (BOP), entrepreneurship policy, innovation, social entrepreneurship, social inclusion, tourism industry INTRODUCTION Policy makers have identified entrepreneurship as a mechanism to alleviate poverty (Hart, 2007; Matten and Crane, 2005; Peredo and Chrisman, 2006), particularly in ‘Base of the Pyramid’ (BOP) regions, where impoverished socio-economic groups have...
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...of this study is to review the literature on population and environment and to identify the main strands of thought and the assumptions that lie behind them. The author begins with a review of the historical perspective. He then reviews and assesses the evidence on the relationship between population and environment, focusing on selected natural and environmental resources: land use, water use, local pollution, deforestation and climate change. The author also reviews selected recent macro and micro perspectives. The new macro perspective introduces the environment-income relationship and examines the role of population growth and density in mediating this relationship. The new micro perspective introduces the close relationship between poverty and environmental degradation, also examining the roles of gender in decision-making and the role of children as economic assets in fertility decisions. Finally, the author carries out a comparative assessment of the approaches and methods employed in the literature to explain the wide variation in findings and predictions. This literature review demonstrates...
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...of this study is to review the literature on population and environment and to identify the main strands of thought and the assumptions that lie behind them. The author begins with a review of the historical perspective. He then reviews and assesses the evidence on the relationship between population and environment, focusing on selected natural and environmental resources: land use, water use, local pollution, deforestation and climate change. The author also reviews selected recent macro and micro perspectives. The new macro perspective introduces the environment-income relationship and examines the role of population growth and density in mediating this relationship. The new micro perspective introduces the close relationship between poverty and environmental degradation, also examining the roles of gender in decision-making and the role of children as economic assets in fertility decisions. Finally, the author carries out a comparative assessment of the approaches and methods employed in the literature to explain the wide variation in findings and predictions. This literature review...
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...Graduate School of Development Studies A Research Paper presented by: Celeste Aida Molina Fernández (Guatemala) in partial fulfilment of the requirements for obtaining the degree of MASTERS OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Specialisation: Rural Livelihoods and Global Change (RLGC) Members of the examining committee: Prof. Dr Max Spoor Prof. Dr Peter Knorringa The Hague, The Netherlands November, 2010 Disclaimer: This document represents part of the author’s study programme while at the Institute of Social Studies. The views stated therein are those of the author and not necessarily those of the Institute. Research papers are not made available for circulation outside of the Institute. Inquiries: Postal address: Institute of Social Studies P.O. Box 29776 2502 LT The Hague The Netherlands Location: Kortenaerkade 12 2518 AX The Hague The Netherlands Telephone: +31 70 426 0460 Fax: +31 70 426 0799 Acknowledgments I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all the people who in one way or another contributed to the completion of this study, especially the interviewees, who generously shared their time and knowledge about the coffee sector in Ethiopia. My sincerest appreciation goes to Bilisuma Dito, who first introduced me to the ECX and provided me with key contacts for the fieldwork. Many thanks to Martha Kibru, Saba Yifredew...
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