...Unit 303, Outcome 2, Skin & Hair The skin is the largest organ of the body, with a total area of about 20 square feet. The skin protects us from microbes and the elements, helps regulate body temperature, and permits the sensations of touch, heat, and cold. Skin has three layers: * The epidermis, the outermost layer of skin, provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone. * The dermis, beneath the epidermis, contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat glands. * The deeper subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) is made of fat and connective tissue. The skin’s colour is created by special cells called melanocytes, which produce the pigment melanin. Melanocytes are located in the epidermis. http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/picture-of-the-skin Functions of the Skin The main functions of the skin include: * Protection of the human body * Sensation i.e. transmitting to the brain information about surroundings * Temperature regulation * Immunity i.e. the role of the skin within the immune system * Enables movement and growth without injury * Excretion from the body of certain types of waste materials * Endocrine function e.g. re. Vitamin D Function of the Skin | Example(s) | How does the skin perform this function? What is/are the mechanism(s) ? | 1. Protection | Of the body from: * ultraviolet (UV) radiation e.g. sun damage * dehydration * microorganisms e.g. bacterial invasion...
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...Coix Seeds Shelling Machine is a patented product of our company's own intellectual property rights. You can realize coix seed shelling, in addition to skin, sorting, re-election. The device has low energy consumption, compact structure, small footprint, whole kernel rate, high degree of automation, easy operation and maintenance features, is the current world coix seeds shelling sorting equipment. recyclable outer skin wrapped in oil, refined oil coix seed quality, greatly enhance customer benefits. Coix seeds is one of the traditional Chinese food resources, it can be made into porridge, rice, a variety of pasta for human consumption. Especially for the elderly and is more appropriate. Sweet, light, slightly cold. Coix seeds still blindly medicinal value higher beauty food. Clinical trials demonstrated that coix seeds has some antibacterial, anti-viral effect. Long-term use can make the skin smooth and delicate, pale and shiny. The nutritional value of coix seeds 1. Coix seeds for containing a variety of vitamins and minerals, can promote metabolism and reduce the burden of gastrointestinal effects, as a disease or illness frail patients tonic food; 2. Regular consumption of foods coix seeds chronic enteritis, indigestion embolism also effective. Coix seeds can enhance renal function, and there is heat diuretic effect, so patients also have swelling effect; 3. By modern pharmacological studies have shown that coix seeds have anti-cancer effect, the active ingredient...
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...Exam 1 Review Guide: (Introduction to Anatomy, Chemistry, Cell) Note: 90 % of the exam will come from this review guide. 10% will come from masteringaandp.com, the text or material covered in the lecture and not posted on the lecture slides. Introduction to Anatomy • What is the definition of anatomy? Structure • What is the definition of physiology? Function • What is homeostasis? Stable internal Environment • What are the two ways in which homeostasis is maintained? Auto regulation/ Extrinsic • What are the directional terms used to find things in the body? o For example, what are the medical terms for the following? o Up/down superior/ cranial/ caudal o Right/left right lateral/ left lateral o Close/far proximal/ distal o Closer to the midline/farther from the midline lateral/medial o Same side/opposite side lpslateral/ contralateral o Face up/face down supine/ prone o Etc. (maybe more) • What are the major cavities of the body? Cranial, abdmalnopelvic, abdomen cavity, pelvic cavity, parietal cavity, pericardial cavity, thoracic cavity, ventral, dorsal • What are the planes of the body? Transverse, frontal, sagittal, parasagittal, mid-sagittal, oblique, • What are the body regions? o For example, what are the medical terms for the following? o Arm brachial o Forearm antiracial o Wrist carpals o Hand manual ...
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...1.1 Describe the four basic human body structure units and their functions The four basic human body structures and their functions are as follows: • Cells • Tissues • Organs • Systems Cells Cells have been identified as the simplest unit of living matter that can maintain life. A cell is the simplest and smallest unit of living matter and cells can live independently and can also reproduce themselves. Cells exist in a varity of shapes and sizes including elongated, oval, and square, cells also have many different function. A group of cells is called a tissue and the study of the structure, form of cells and tissue is called histology. Tissues Tissue is a group/organisation of a number of similar cells, not all identical but from the same origin, that carry out a similar function, which also consists of varying amounts and varity of non-living, intercellular substance between them. It is the level between cells and organs. There are four types of tissue: Epithelial – tissue that is widespread throughout the body. They form the covering of all the body surfaces and are the main tissue found in glands. Epithelial tissue performs a variety of functions that include protection, secretion, absorption, filtration and sensory reception. Connective - tissue that binds structures together, and forms a framework and support for organs and the body as a whole. Connective tissue also acts as a transport system for substances to be carried around the body, and...
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...shown that feathers play an important role in broilers production especially during feathering processes (Omeje, et al., 1998). This is because they are made up of the same protein structure as human hair, keratin, though not uniformly distributed throughout the bird’s body as described by (Wilson et al., 2007). Rather they are arranged in rows to produce distinct feather tracts. Each tract follows a specific arrangement with distinct angles which give broilers a common pattern in feather. About 75% of a bird’s skin surface is covered with feather tracts with the uncovered areas being mostly beneath the wings and on parts of the breast. The follicles are formed during embryo development and fixed once the chick is hatched. During broilers life time each bird undergoes two molts. The first occurs during the first two weeks of age where the down feathers are mostly shed and replaced with juvenile feathers and the second at about 4-5 weeks of age where new feathers push the first set of feathers out (Bacon et al., 2005). The head and neck of broilers are the last area of the body to go through molt. It is normal to see broilers with first set of down feathers still on their neck and head area at 5-6 weeks of age. In adult birds, feathers are used for courtship displays and their pattern of structure also in sex differentiation of broilers. Contour feathers protect the broilers against the sun, wind, rain and injury in range type settings. In more...
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...dermatitis 2. It's called the lunula, and it's the only visible part of the nail matrix. It's primary role is to define the structure of the free edge of the nail and can also be used to determine the general health of your body 3. Granulosum 4. Arrector pili 5. Addison's 6. Terminal 7. Second-degree 8. Melanocytes 9. Lucidum 10. Papillary 11. • Autoimmune disorders • Diseases • Nutritional deficiencies • Poisons • Prescription drugs • Chemotherapy drugs • Radiation exposure • Stress • Physical trauma to the scalp • Hair loss following childbirth • Psychological • Hair styling techniques • Hair styling products 12. Keratinocyte enzymes can neutralize carcinogens that penetrate the epidermis. Keratinocytes are also able to convert topical steroid hormones to a powerful anti-inflammatory drug. 13. First degree burns - Only the epidermis is damaged. Second degree burns - Injures the epidermis and the upper region of the dermis. Third degree burns - Involves the entire thickness of the skin. 14. Hair that lacks pigment and is often called "immature hair." 15. It appears to be genetically determined and sex-linked, and is possibly caused by a delayed-action gene that responds to DHT and alters normal metabolism. 16. Due to the metabolic activities of bacteria on the surface of the skin. 17. Allows excessive fluid loss and infection. 18. 1. Protection against abrasion. 2. Protection from the sun's...
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...Looking at whether it is feasible or not for the existence of zombies, I look to the integumentary system for any possibility. I will examine the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and the aging process. The integumentary system is the largest organ in the body, it includes the skin, hair, nails, exocrine glands, sensory receptors, and the subcutaneous tissue. On average, the skin weighs about ten pounds and has an area of about 20 square feet. It serves as a barrier between the human body and the environment. Some environmental dangers are chemicals, ultra violet light, and physical damage. The first layer of the skin is the epidermis which covers almost the entire body. It is made up of squamous epithelial cells that are stacked up on one another. These cells produce and store keratin which makes it water resistant. Even though the epidermis is very thin it is made up of four layers. The innermost layer is the stratum germinativum, this is where mitosis takes place. New cells are being produced constantly, while this is happening the older cells are being pushed toward the outer surface of the skin. The new cells produce keratin, in the keratinocytes, and as they move away from the blood supply they die and shed off. Approximately 8% of the epidermis is made up of melanocytes. The melanocytes produce melanin which protects the skin from the harmful UV rays. The living keratinocytes also synthesize defensins, which play an important role when the epidermis is injured. They...
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... 5-6 2.0 Introduction – Anatomy Of Skin 7 2.1 Epidermis 7 2.1.1 Layer of The Epidermis 8 2.1.2 Specialized Epidermal Cells 9 2.2 Dermis 9 2.2.1 Layer of The Dermis 10 2.2.2 Specialized Dermal Cells 10 2.3 Subcutaneous Tissues 10 3.0 Tattoo 11 3.1 Types of Tattoo 11 3.2 The Procedure of Tattooing 12 3.3 The Risk Involved in Getting Tattooed. 13 3.4 Tattoo Removal 14 4.0 Conclusion 14 - 15 5.0 References 15 1. INTRODUCTION – Integumentary System The Integumentary system consists of the skin and its associated structures such as hair, nails,nerve endings and the sebaceous (oil) and sudoriferous (sweat) glands (Lindh, Pooler, Tamparo and Dahl, 2010,p.790). It is the largest of the body’s anatomy system and count for 12 to 15 percent of body weight covering 1.5-2m2 of surface area. The skin is the most external and visually apparent and the largest organ of the human body and the medical branch which studies it is known as "dermatology" (Keir, Wise, Krebs and Kelley-Arney, 2010,p.97) .The skin can be divided into three layers-the epidermis on the...
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...Integumentary System The integumentary system consists of the skin, hair, nails, glands, and nerves. Its main function is to act as a barrier to protect the body from the outside world. It also functions to retain body fluids, protect against disease, eliminate waste products, and regulate body temperature. In order to do these things, the integumentary system works with all the other systems of your body, each of which has a role to play in maintaining the internal conditions that a human body needs to function properly. Parts of the Integumentary System Skin The skin is the most important organ of the body, as it protects the delicate organs of the body. The skin is divided into three separate layers as follows: * Epidermis: This is the outermost layer of the skin that contains four separate layers of epithelial tissue. The outer most layer is the stratum corneum that is about 2 to 30 cells thick. These are keratinized and dead cells that make the skin waterproof! The second and third layer consists of the stratum granulosum and stratum lucidum, which contain cells that are not keratinised as yet. As these skin grows, the cells are pushed outward and come towards the surface. The last and the deepest layer of the epidermis is the stratum germinativum. These cells are active mitotically and have the ability to reproduce, as these cells are living, thus, making them the manufacturing center for growing skin. * Dermis: The dermis lies immediately after the epidermis...
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...1. The Skin: What is it and how does it work and why it is important A. Humans have an outer covering called the integument, which includes the skin and the structures derived form epidermal cells such as nails. B. Skin function 1) The skin covers and protects the body form abrasion, bacterial attack, ultraviolet radiation and dehydration. 2) It helps control internal temperature. 3) Its vessels serve as blood reservoir for the body. 4) The skin produces vitamin D. 5) Its receptors are essential in determining environmental stimuli. Touch, vibration, pain and temperature. 6) It regulates the movement of substance into and out of the body or somatic system. C. Skin Structure 7) Epidermis refers to the thin, outermost layers of cells consisting of stratified, Squamous epithelium a) Keratinization of epidermal cells of the stratum corneum turns them into dead bags of keratin, a waterproofing protein. b) Three pigments--melanin, hemoglobin, and carotene--contribute to skin color. Dermis, the ticker portion of the skin underlying the epidermis, is mostly dense connective tissue (1) Blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerve endings are located here (2) Sweat glands secrete a fluid (mostly water with a little dissolved salt) that is useful in regulating the temperature of the body (3) Oil (sebaceous) glands function to...
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...face skin. It is because to avoid all germs comes and make skin problem. Effective daily routine to brush up your face is an essential part of your general health and well-being. Majority of people was confusing think about new look for face brush. People think it is an exfoliator but nowhere does the manufacturer actually claims that is it. In fact, the device is more accurately categorized as an cleansing system. With a new look of this brush that it removes six times more dirt, oil and make-up that regular cleansing. Beside that, it increase the absorption of your skin care. Further more that it reduces the appearance of pores and wrinkle and lastly that it help clear up dry patches and even acne. Why this new brush should be you get? Because of it uses sonic technology at a rate of 300 movements per second to clean your skin but those movements are so fast that is just feels like a gentle vibration. The bristle also so soft especially if you use delicate or sensitive brush. That there’s nothing harsh or scratchy happening there either you still get a slight physical exfoliation because it’s a brush instead of finger. Day and night skin is subject to iol, perspiration , debris , makeup and environmental pollution. These combine to make a sticky, stubborn, pore- clogging film that can make the skin look unhealthy, feel rough and become irritated while acting as a barter to skincare products. Unlike spinning advise, our Pobling Sonic Technology works with skin natural...
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...acne during my adolescent years. However, when I reached the age of 22, I developed a case of adult acne. My symptoms consisted of cystic pimples around my jawline, chin and neck. The acne severely impacted my self-image and psychological well-being at this time, since I had just started my first job after graduating college and had to work with clients in person. After seeing a dermatologist, I was diagnosed with moderate-to-severe late-onset adult acne. Anatomical Structure and Physiological Processes Affected by Adult Acne Acne - General Acne is a chronic skin disorder affecting both adolescents and adults. The birthplace of acne is the pore around the hair follicle. Each hair follicle contains sebaceous glands that produce a fatty oil called sebum which is meant to lubricate the hair and skin. Hair follicles become clogged with shedding cells from the lining of the follicle, and clump together blocking the sebum from traveling up from the hair shaft and out through the pore. When the excess dead skin cells and sebum are present, they solidify as a soft plug that may close the pore. This causes the follicle wall to bulge and a whitehead is formed. Blackheads are formed if the pore remains open and the top surface of the plug darkens. A pimple then develops when the wall of the hair follicle ruptures. An inflammatory response is stimulated by P. acnes (Propionibacterium acnes) and other microorganisms, resulting in a red pimple filled with pus (Howard). Adult Acne...
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...Introduction The integumentary system consists of skin, hair, nails and other glands. This assignment is about Mrs. Loiselle health condition. Mrs. Loiselle is a registered nurse who suffered from heat syncope because of dehydration and least amount of energy in her body. She worked whole evening i.e. she does not eat food and she felt weak. But, in the morning, she went for running without drinking or eating that made her unconscious and she fall on the ground. In the following question answers, I am going to discuss the lay terms and medical terms. Further, about the role of the integumentary system in contributing Mrs. Loiselle condition. Moreover, negative feedback helps her to return...
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...(HSC2024) Unit 4222-229 Outcome 1 1) The skin is the largest organ of the body, covering and protecting the entire surface of the body. The total surface area of skin is around 3000 square inches or roughly around 19,355 square cm depending on age, height, and body size. The skin, along with its derivatives, nails, hair, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands forms the integumentary system. Besides providing protection to the body the skin has a host of other functions to be performed like regulating body temperature, immune protection, sensations of touch, heat, cold, and pain through the sensory nerve endings, communicating with external openings of numerous other body systems like digestive system, urogenital system, and respiratory system via mucous membranes. The skin is primarily composed of three layers. The skin, which appears to be so thin, is still itself divided into epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer or hypodermis. Each layer has its own function and own importance in maintaining the integrity of skin and thereby the whole body structure. Pressure sores or decubitus ulcers are the result of a constant deficiency of blood to the tissues over a bony area such as a heel which may have been in contact with a bed or a splint over an extended period of time. The surface of the skin can ulcerate which may become infected. Eventually subcutaneous and deeper tissues are damaged. Besides the heel, other areas commonly involved are the skin over the buttocks, sacrum, ankles hips...
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...Form and Function The relationship between Form and Function is central to the study of biology. George Cuvier, the ‘father of comparative anatomy’ laid out in his theory of ‘the correlation of parts’ that similarly appearing anatomical structures should have similar functions and this similarity should be used to group or diagnose organisms and their structures (1). Further exploration of four examples in this paper will more clearly show that the function of any ‘thing’ is related directly to the form of its construction. To exemplify this connection between form and function let’s look at the construction of the largest organ of the body, specifically the layers of tissues found in the Skin or Integumentary System, as it’s known in scientific terminology. Constructed of two major layers (Epidermis and Dermis) the skin contains several types of epithelial and connective tissues. From a very cursory examination it’s clear that the skin is a durable, flexible and strong substance. Go a bit deeper and examine these layers for a more in depth evaluation of their form and the layers of the Epidermis and Dermis clearly declare their function from their form. The Dermis, constructed of a layer of connective tissue in the Reticular Layer, underneath the Papillary layer filled with capillary networks of blood vessels feeding the Epidermis up above. The Epidermis then is comprised of multiple layers of cells comprising four or five layers made up of Stratified Squamous Epithelial...
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