...page one – and Ms Morrison’s verbal authority compels belief – you’re hooked on the rest of the book. (Atwood, 1993, 35) Toni Morrison’s fifth novel, Beloved (1987) explores the degradation imposed upon all African slaves of America. The novel is about matrilineal ancestry and the relationships among enslaved, freed, alive and dead mothers and daughters. The text is so grounded in historical reality that it could be used to teach American history classes. The protagonist of the novel, Sethe’s character is based on a factual slave woman Margaret Garner in an exaggerated way. For Random House project, The Black Book (1974), “scrap book” of three hundred years of the folk journey of Black America, Morrison had to gather details for the text. A fugitive from Kentucky, Garner attempted to kill her children rather than having them re-enslaved when they were all captured in Ohio in 1850. She succeeded in killing only one, however, whose throat she slashed. Acknowledging that she had indeed conducted research while writing Beloved, Morrison told Martha Darling: I did research about a lot of things in this book in order to narrow it, to make it narrow and deep, but I did not do much research on Margaret Garner other than the obvious stuff, because I wanted to invent her life, which is a way of saying I wanted to be accessible to anything the characters had to say about it. (Taylor: 1994, 248) Morrison sets out to give voice to the “disremembered and unaccounted for” (323) women and children...
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...A Call for Further Research: Afro-Chinese Marriages in 20th Century Cuba Katie Wang UCLA Professor Wright-Dixon I. Introduction Coalitions through marriage is a long understood concept. Kingdom alliances through marriages are ones that first come to mind. Often fictional portrayals of real pressures for pressures to gain resources or military alliance for a capital or imperial need involve young princes and princesses who are forced to marry. However, in a nonfictional example for this paper, Chinese indentured laborers or former indentured laborers and African slaves or former slaves married in 19th century Cuba both romantically and strategically. I argue that there needs to be further research around Afro-Chinese marriages in Cuba and a recentering on women. I had originally planned to center this paper around African slave women who married Chinese men in Cuba in the 19th century but was not able to because of the lack of literature available. However, I aim to focus on a reading against the grain for indications of women’s agency and voice in this set of literature. My personal stakes in this topic are two-fold. First, my mother’s side of my family lived in Cuba for a few decades from the late 1920s to 1960 as a part of an entrepreneurial endeavor and as refuge from persecution from the Communist Party of China. Because of my personal tie to Chinese in Cuba, I seek to uncover untold stories and hidden transcripts. Second, this paper is a part of a larger project...
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...fair look at ’m shine Ten years of making Ten years of making chocolate 100% slave free chocolate 100% slave free we’re now nowyears on the way to to we’re ten ten years on the way 100% slave free free chocolate. We’ve been 100% slave chocolate. We’ve been supported, encouraged, challenged and and supported, encouraged, challenged eaten. We now now know how difficult it is eaten. We know how difficult it is to change an industry. We havehave grown to change an industry. We grown enormously and achieved results. enormously and achieved results. Here’s our timeline: Here’s our timeline: 2o10 2o10 2o09 2o09 Our bars are available in more more and Our bars are available in and We started the ‘Tony’s in We started the ‘Tony’s in more more stores, including supermarkets. Africa’ project: a study of stores, including supermarkets. Africa’ project: a study of Our revenue grows considerably from from cocoacocoa supply chain and Our revenue grows considerably the the supply chain and this pointpoint onward, which also this onward, which also ways ways to improve Fairtrade to improve Fairtrade sharply increases the amount of sharply increases the amount of certification. certification. cocoacocoa beans we need. beans we need. 2o11 2o11 2o05 2o05 2o06 2o06 2o08 2o08 2o07 2o07 The first Tony’s Chocolonely bar bar Tony’s goes official The first Tony’s Chocolonely Tony’s goes official comes on the market, after after...
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...No rational human being will confuse a city of a fast developing country in 2011 with a Mediterranean village in 1500s. With the progress of technology, nature cannot restrain human activities as it did five hundred years ago. At the close of the twentieth century, the invention of internet revolutionized the way people shared information and catalyzed further technological advancement. Will these radical changes affect future historians’ understanding and practice of historiography? This question puts the Annales School of history under the scrutiny and debates of many modern historians. The Annale School of history was started by Marc Bloch and Lucien Febvre. The name Annale comes from Annales d'histoire économique et sociale, which was a journal Marc Bloch and Lucien Febvre founded in 1929. The Annale School emphasized on a comprehensive understanding of history, which requires interdisciplinary study involving sociology and anthropology, demography, geography, economics, psychology, linguistics, and art history. The journal gained most of its influence under the leadership of Fernand Braudel. Braudel's particular contribution to the Annales School is his “geo-historical structuralism”, this structuralism is a three-tiered conception of historical time: structure (long-term) at base, then conjuncture (medium-length units) and finally évènement (short-term or event). Braudel regards the évènement as having the least importance in understanding history. His denigration of...
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... History books mainly reflect the involvement of men. The abolitionists (Clarkson and Wilberforce), the Slave traders (Canot) and the enslaved (Equaino). In portrayal of enslaved people, men appear more frequently. In the movie Amistad it is told from the point of view of Cinque; in the TV series Roots it follows Kunta Kinte. This male dominated history fails to acknowledge, belittles and devalues the role of women at all levels of slavery. What about the female slave traders, slave owners, enslaved females, female rebels and abolitionists? Are they really invisible? Verene Shepherd, in Women in Caribbean History states that up until the 1970s Caribbean books neglected women because early historians looked at colonisation, government, religion, trade and war fare, activities men were more involved in. Also some historians felt that women’s issues did not merit inclusion and where women could have been included, such as slave uprisings, their contributions were ignored. Shepherd believes changes occurred with the influence of women’s groups who tried to correct the gender neutral or male biased history. There was also a shift into social history, looking at the non elite and into topics such as family life. Books started to look at women’s social and political activities. Unfortunately there was a lack of first hand accounts from the period of the transatlantic slave trade – accounts written by men at the time either ignored women or perpetuated the myth of female inferiority...
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...Candice Payne English 102 Research paper on carnival Mardi gras Just the name Mardi gras conjures up images of drunken, bead-wearing revelers dancing through the streets of New Orleans. But how, and when, did this huge mid-winter party get started? Here's a look at the history of Mardi gras throughout the ages and across the nations. Herman states, Historians tell us that the ancient Romans probably kicked off the Mardi gras celebrations. (pg. 115)Their mid-February festival known as Lupercalia honored the god Lupercus, alternately known as the god of fertility and the god of agriculture and pastoral shepherds. In either case, his party definitely had Mardi Gras-like qualities, including days of feasting and drinking. And a little enjoying the "pleasures of the flesh", probably, too -- in fact, the term Carnival, often synonymous with Mardi gras, is derived from the Latin expression meaning "farewell to the flesh." Like most of the ancient Roman and Greek festivals, Lupercalia was adopted and adapted by the Church as a way of subtly converting the local pagans to Christianity. The carnival-like celebration of Lupercalia thus morphed into a last "fling" before the beginning of the Lenten period. Lent refers to the 40 days of pertinence and purification celebrated between Ash Wednesday and Easter Sunday. During Lent, the religiously faithful refrain from a number of indulgences of the "flesh", including eating meat. (pg. 220) What began as a Roman-based...
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...world‟s largest distribution groups. This study reviews Zara`s external environment and analyses its internal organisation to make recommendations for improving its core competencies against competitors such as H&M and GAP. This study first reviews the Zara enterprise in terms of PEEST environmental factors, Porter‟s Five Forces and the fast fashion industry life cycle (ILC). The liberalisation of European Union import quotas has had a positive political impact on the fast fashion retail industry. However, rapid style changes generate waste. In addition, recent financial crises have made customers more sensitive to price and tending to buy lower priced goods. However, young people and new Asian customers are more attracted to fashionable clothes. Also, new technology is quickly adopted to survive in a fast-moving market. Using Porter‟s competitive analysis of five forces, the threats of new entrants and substitution are low, and customers‟ and suppliers‟ bargaining power are moderate. However, the intensity of competitive rivalry is quite high because similar fashion firms are competing. Fast fashion has a shorter life cycle for products than most industries. This spurs both creativity and product innovation but demands more efficiency and advanced technology to reduce waste and avoid distribution delays. The most important core competencies for Zara are its flexible manufacturing, efficient distribution structure, low level of inventory and the principles of its employees...
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...Driving to west from my address to Swallow Hill Music Center for 40 minutes one way at the evening was my first-time experience to the music concert in my life. I was a bit nervous when I arrived the place, but thanks to the receptionists at the front desk for warm welcoming and guidance. I took a middle row sit at the center of the hall and everything at the hall was a very nice, a well decorated light, attractive arts on the wall on the all the corners, the stage with five empty sits each with a microphone and a music stand at its front. Watching the performance and at the same time taking a note for my paper was also the only to do list for me. When time arrives, A young lady arrived a stage with a piece of paper and made a brief announcement about the concert and what they do, other notice like no photo graphs and others. Then Marrakech Express band arrived the stage with a full band instruments and after gaining the stage and awaiting the crowd’s silence, Samir El Yesfi begins picking the ‘ûd or lute which is what is called guitar in West accompanied by violin by Sandra Wong, Darbûka, the Moroccan bendir by Brett Bowen, and clarinet by Dexter Payne. After playing music for while Samir started singing “lama bada yatathana” which later I found on a YouTube being...
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...6. Social Responsibility & NGO’s Gursharn Dhugga In this report you will learn about the corporate social responsibility of Peru, business ethics, ethical issues in international business and Non-Governmental Organizations in Peru. Corporate Social Responsibility & CSR in Global Companies Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is defined as the voluntary activities undertaken by a company to operate in an economic, social and environmentally sustainable manner. Corporate Social Responsibility in the Mining Sector in Peru seeks to take a first step towards meaningful dialogue about CSR among the different actors involved to help civil society obtain the highest benefits from CSR policies and actions implemented by government and corporations. A legislative proposal on the topic of corporate social responsibility was introduced in Peru in 2005, but it was never implemented and thus there is still no legislation governing CSR in Peru. Small businesses who deal domestically tend to place much less emphasis on operating responsibly than the major companies who rely mainly on exports. Most CSR initiative in Peru seems to come from international organizations and intermediaries; the Swiss AVINA, Kellog, Interamerican, and Ford Foundations are all examples of the attempt to raise CSR awareness. Benefits of CSR Peru’s rapid economic expansion has helped to reduce the national poverty rate by almost 15%, but 44.5% of the population still live below the poverty line....
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...Assessment 2: Research Project/Essay Business Ethics, Corporate Social Responsibility, & Globalisation, within the Global Electronics Industry Presented to: Dr Gustavo Guzman 7112IBA Globalisation & Corporate Social Responsibility, G01_2.13A, Griffith Business School, Gold Coast Campus Prepared by Kevin Vohra 2746020 Word Count = October-29-2011 INTRODUCTION The global electronics industry comprises of many partners that make up a complex international supply chain. Due to globalisation, TNCs have set up subsidiaries that operate in under developed foreign countries like Asia. They operate in the areas of manufacturing of components for computers, assembly, contractors, suppliers, software, technical services, and retailers. As per the OECD ICT Industry Outlook, 2008. Total employment for the global electronics industry was estimated at 15 million workers worldwide. Revenues for the top 250 electronic firms were $3.8 trillion, and the top countries exporting ICT goods were the following nations; China, European Union, United States, Korea, Japan. The recorded fasted growing export countries are; Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Thailand, Eastern Europe (EICC, 2008) . Due to deregulation of markets and the competition in the electronics industry, transnational corporations such as Apple, and HP have set up operations in developing countries in order to profit off of these developing nations. Many TNCs take advantage of such high profit, low wage labour markets...
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...Washington’s commanding presence and oratory deeply moved his contemporaries. His writings continue to influence readers today. Although Washington claimed his autobiography was “a simple, straightforward story, with no attempt at embellishment,” readers for nearly a century have found it richly rewarding. Today, Up From Slavery appeals to a wide audience from early adolescence through adulthood. More important, however, is the inspiration his story of hard work and positive goals gives to all readers. His life is an example providing hope to all. The complexity and contradictions of his life make his autobiography intellectually intriguing for advanced readers. To some he was known as the Sage of Tuskegee or the Black Moses. One of his prominent biographers, Louis R. Harlan, called him the “Wizard of the Tuskegee Machine.” Others acknowledged him to be a complicated person and public figure. Students of American social and political history have come to see that Washington lived a double life. Publicly he appeased the white establishment by remaining cautious in his charges and demands. Privately he worked tirelessly to undo the effects of institutional and cultural racism. Although he seemed to have made a grand compromise, first with the white south and then with white America, he worked in deepest secret to undermine the compromise and advance the social and economic position of blacks. No doubt exists as to his greatness....
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...By Carl L. Young An Alternative Plan Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science In Sociology: Corrections Minnesota State University, Mankato Mankato, Minnesota Spring 2013 Final Draft 4/20/2013 1 This Alternative Plan Paper has been examined and approved by the following members of the Examining Committee. _____________________ Dr. Leah Rogne, Advisor _____________________ Dr. William Wagner _____________________ Dr. Penny Jo Rosenthal _____________________ Dr. Nadarajan Sethuraju ________________ Date 2 A bstract This alternative plan paper examines the circumstances that have evolved as a incarceration of the Black community. In the last thirty years, the federal government of the United States of America has engaged in camp which has involved a variety of policies to stop the production, distribution and sale of illegal narcotics. Hundreds of billions of dollars have been spent in a war that has targeted the most vulnerable in our society, impacting its youth for generations to come. This alternative plan paper addresses the impact of the War on Drugs and the criminal justice policies that have impacted the life chances of Black youth nationwide and calls ...
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...Makenzie Koehn New York University Human Behavior refers to the collection of every physical action and visible emotion that is associated with individuals and also the entire human race. When looking at the life of Shawn Hunt, there are many factors displayed throughout the article on some of his experiences while growing up. We are able to recognize components such as resilience, race, spirituality, and mental health. This paper will focus on these different elements and how they were defined in Shawn’s life. We will also discuss how a bio-psycho social approach may help us better understand human behavior in the social environment. In Shawn’s life, we see a great deal of risk and resilience that displays a wonderful example of what each factor may look like. Shawn, who spends a great amount of his young life falling into his own stereotype, finds a way to break the chains of the standards that he was born into. At 11 years old, he was a messenger for the neighborhood drug dealers. Two years later, he had a .25 caliber pistol and headed down a very dark path. However, when Shawn was 17 years old, he turned his life around. He was the co-captain of his track team, an honor student and a youth leader at his church. Although, he had hit a high point in his life, Shawn began stumbling upon a reoccurring dream that spoke of the violent environment that he had been a part of for so long which made him realize he had to break away. Shawn’s father was a heavy drinker and...
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...War on Drugs, Mass Incarceration, and a Call to Action for America's Black Youth By Carl L. Young An Alternative Plan Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science In Sociology: Corrections Minnesota State University, Mankato Mankato, Minnesota Spring 2013 Final Draft 4/20/2013 1 This Alternative Plan Paper has been examined and approved by the following members of the Examining Committee. _____________________ Dr. Leah Rogne, Advisor _____________________ Dr. William Wagner _____________________ Dr. Penny Jo Rosenthal _____________________ Dr. Nadarajan Sethuraju ________________ Date 2 Abstract This alternative plan paper examines the circumstances that have evolved as a result of the Reagan Administration’s War on Drugs and the increase of mass incarceration of the Black community. In the last thirty years, the federal government of the United States of America has engaged in campaign known as the “War on Drugs,” which has involved a variety of policies to stop the production, distribution and sale of illegal narcotics. Hundreds of billions of dollars have been spent in a war that has targeted the most vulnerable in our society, impacting its youth for generations to come. This alternative plan paper addresses the impact of the War on Drugs and the criminal justice policies that have impacted the life chances of Black youth nationwide and calls for a new social movement, introducing a 21st century Black Youth Manifesto...
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...Integrated Property Management – Final Paper Elizabeth Marko MGMT 630-9040 Turnit.com Originality Score = 20% Introduction to Integrated Property Management (IPM) Integrated Property Management (IPM) provides comprehensive software for governments to manage their land. IPM’s software suite includes GIS, land registry, land records management, property appraisal, and property valuation. IPM targets developing countries with no land system software package or a minimal land system software package. The IMP Board of Directors thinks it is necessary to open offices in the locations where they are targeting the software. The next office location will be in La Paz, Bolivia, South America. Introduction to Bolivia, South America According to InfoPlease, Bolivia, South America was under Spanish rule from the 16th Century until they won their independence on August, 6, 1825. Since then, Bolivia has had more than 190 revolutions and coups. The most recent coup was in 1982. In 2006, President Morales carried out two of his three major initiatives –nationalizing Bolivia’s energy industry and rewriting the constitution. The new constitution was adopted in January 2009, granting indigenous people more rights and allowing the president to run for a second five-year term. Morales’ third initiative is legalizing the growing of coca. Morales’ controversial coca policy, his plans to limit foreign investment, and his close ties with leftist governments of Venezuela and Cuba are a worry to the United...
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