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Slave Quilts

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Slave Quilts

Slave Quilts

There is an interesting legend that in the early and mid-1800's, slaves in America's southern states developed a secret code to help refugee slaves escape to the Northern states for freedom. Legend has it that they would make quilts and hang them in the window or on the clothesline out side. So when escaped slaves would see these quilts they would know if it was safe there or if they were going the correct way. The quilts were made with different patterns/ images, for example if the quilt had a wagon wheel it would tell the slave to leave that it wasn’t safe their. Some also had a North Star pattern that meant they were going the correct way North. They used patterns to communicate because slaves did not know how to read or write it was against the law for a slave to know how to read or write. The plantation owners had no idea about the hidden messages they only saw a quilt and a slave hanging laundry. This was during the Underground Railroad; so not only did slaves make these quilts but also the Americans that were apart of the Underground Railroad.

QUILT PATTERNS & THEIR MEANINGS

*Monkey Wrench
This meant the slaves were to gather all the tools they might need on the journey to freedom. Tools meant: something with which to build shelters, compasses for determining direction, or tools to serve as weapons for defending themselves.
*Wagon Wheel
This was the second pattern to be displayed, which signaled the slaves to pack all the things that would go in a wagon or that would be used during their journey. This was a signal for the slaves to think about what essentials they needed to survive the trip.
*Carpenter’s Wheel (Wagon Wheel variation)
This pattern would have particular significance to slaves skilled in a craft— such as carpentry. (Other such patterns might be: an Anvil, Circular Saw, Square and Compass.) It was also a symbol to “steal away”—a visual equivalent to the popular spiritual “Steal Away”, which many slaves knew and sang. The pattern told slaves to “run with faith” to the west— Northwest Territories.
*Bear’s Paw
It’s believed that this pattern was sometimes used to help fugitives follow the path of the bear, and to identify landmarks on the edge of the plantation.
*Crossroads
Once through the mountains, slaves were to travel to the crossroads. The main crossroad was Cleveland, Ohio. Any quilt hung before this one would have given directions to Ohio.
*Log Cabin
This pattern was used to let the slaves know where safe houses were. People who helped the Underground Railroad may have identified themselves as friends to slaves on the run by tracing this pattern in dirt as a signal. This quilt told slaves to look for this symbol on their journey to freedom. It was also a symbol to set up a “home” in a free state.
*Shoofly
Little is known about this pattern. It is believed that Shoofly refers to an actual person who might have aided escaping slaves.
*Bow Ties
Slaves’ clothes were often tattered and easy to spot. This pattern meant that someone would bring the slave nice clothes to help them blend in with the free blacks.

*Flying Geese
This pattern told the slaves to follow migrating geese north towards Canada and to freedom. This pattern was used as directions as well as the best season for slaves to escape. Geese fly north in the spring and summer. Flying geese pointed to the direction, north, for the slaves to move. Also, geese would have to stop at waterways along their journey in order to rest and eat. Slaves were to take their cues on direction, timing and behavior from the migrating geese.
*Drunkard’s Path
This was a clear warning for the slaves to move in a staggering fashion so as to elude any following slave hunters. It was suggested that slaves even double back to elude their pursuers.
*North Star (Evening Star/Star)
This instructed the slaves to follow the North Star to Canada and to freedom.
*Tumbling Blocks (Boxes)
This signaled to the slaves—by the number of boxes and knots—the time to “box up” all one’s belongings in preparation to escape.

References

1. "'+Document. Title+'" Welcome to the National Security Agency. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Sept. 2014. <https://www.nsa.gov/>.

2. "Really Good Stuff - Teacher Supplies for Today's Classroom." Really Good Stuff - Teacher Supplies for Today's Classroom. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Sept. 2014. <http://page.reallygoodstuff.com/>. 3. "News and Achievements." Spokane Public Schools / Overview. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Sept. 2014. <http://www.spokaneschools.org/>.

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