...| The effect of sleep on the psychology and development of children and adolescents. | | | nj26 | | Contents INTRODUCTION 3 Why Is Sleep Relevant to Psychology? 4 What Is Sleep and Why Is It Important 4 Sleep Regulation 4 The Impact of Sleep on Daytime Functioning 5 Sleep deprivation impairs learning and memory. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs academic success and neurobehavioral functioning. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs emotional regulation. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs health. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs adolescents’ driving ability. 6 Sleep Behaviour Across Development 6 New-borns and Infants (0 to 12 months) 7 Developmental changes in sleep. 7 Behavioural and psychological factors affecting sleep behaviour. 7 Early Childhood (12 Months to 6 Years of Age) 7 Developmental changes in sleep. 7 Behavioural and psychological factors affecting sleep behaviour. 7 School-Age Years 8 Developmental changes in sleep. 8 Behavioural and psychological factors affecting sleep behaviour. 8 Adolescence 8 Behavioural and psychological factors affecting sleep behaviour. 9 Further studies regarding the effect of sleep on the development and psychology of children and adolescents. 9 Sleep and the Body Mass Index and Overweight Status of Children and Adolescents 9 Sleepless in Chicago: Tracking the Effects of Adolescent Sleep Loss During the Middle School Years 10 Sleep, Learning, and the Developing Brain: Early-to-Bed as a Healthy and...
Words: 7748 - Pages: 31
...Sleep deprivation is defined as a sufficient lack of restorative sleep over a cumulative period so as to cause physical or psychiatric symptoms and affect routine performances of tasks. (WebMd) Sleep deprivation can lead to harsh physical and or mental problems and should be taken seriously. We are now living in a 24/7 world where we are constantly busy and there is work, television and electronics keeping us up. Getting the proper amount of sleep should be taken very seriously so that there are no harmful effects to your body or mind. Sleep is something that you cannot live without, just like the food we need to eat or the oxygen we need to breathe. Sleep may be the last thing we feel there is time for but it should be made a top priority. There are several consequences, such as accidents or disasters, that are a result of sleep deprivation or lack of sleep and everyone should make a conscious effort to improving the way they sleep. Sleep debt is a major factor in accidents and can cause slow or delayed reactions times. Slowed reaction time can be dangerous while driving a vehicle or even operating machinery. Not only could you harm yourself due to a lack of sleep but others could be in harms way as well. An example of sleep deprivation and slowed reaction time would be the Exxon Valdez disaster. This accident was a major disaster in where oil was spilled all over and harmed many living creatures. In “Sleep Debt and the Mortgaged Mind” William C. Dement and Christopher...
Words: 1194 - Pages: 5
...Sleep and brain development: With the relevantly recent discovery of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, the once subjective state of sleep is no longer expressed as a homogeneous occurrence of passive rest for the brain. Instead, REM sleep has, "appeared as an active condition of intense cerebral activity." (1). And to be even more interesting, the fact that as humans we get more sleep at younger ages, 25 and younger, when intense neurological development is taking place means that, "sleep may play a role in brain maturation." (1). A recent study has research sleep in young children as well as young adults. It has found that, "Sleep and sleep cycles begin at around 26 to 28 weeks' gestational age."(2) This means that patterns of REM and NREM have been found in infants, suggesting that there is some type of development taking place while in a sleeping state. The study goes on to show that, "Sleep and sleep cycles are essential for the development of the neurosensory and motor systems in the fetus and neonate. They are essential for the creation of memory and long-term memory circuits, and they are essential for the maintenance of brain plasticity over the lifetime of the individual." (2) Suggesting that sleep is essential for positive brain development for the rest of the life of that infant or young adults. It was also noted that any interference with sleep or sleep cycles can significantly hinder the early processes of sensory development. (2). It is clear that sleep is very...
Words: 347 - Pages: 2
...Although there is still no satisfying answer to the question of why we sleep, rapid progress in the last several years suggests that this may soon change. Perhaps a better understanding of the function of sleep will also help to change attitudes about sleep at a societal level. The average person requires about eight hours of sleep per night, but many otherwise healthy people continually deprive themselves of adequate sleep with consequences that include fatigue, poor decision-making and increased risk of accidents. Although there is still no satisfying solution to the question of why we sleep, sleep is not a waste of time. Sleep is something that bodies need to do and sleep is a natural part of everybody's life, but many people know very little about how important it is, and some even try to get by with little sleep. It is important for the mind and body to function normally. Every individual is different on how much sleep they need. The younger they are the more sleep you need. As an individual get older he/she does not need as much sleep as he/she would when he/she were at a young age. Most adults need 7 to 8 hours to get the best sleep to function for the next day, during the sleeping hours the body goes into a deep sleep that helps the body be ready for the next day to give the energy that and individual will need. Other people need a nap during the day to function at their highest ability. The body will let your brain know when you are getting tired, and you will start...
Words: 402 - Pages: 2
...while it occurs. Sleep is truly a wondrous process. During sleep, our brain takes our bodies through five different stages: rapid eye movement and non-rapid eye movement, otherwise known as NREM, which represent four of the five stages. Each stage corresponds differently in length and produces different brain waves as well as dreams. The first stage of sleep is very brief and the sleeper experiences hypnogogic sensations. Stage two is a deep, twenty-minute cycle, and the third is short in length, much like the first. However, it is also the transitional period into stage four, which lasts thirty minutes long. REM sleep ends the course of the sleep cycle, lasting a total of ten minutes or more. Sleep begins in stage one and progresses into stages two, three, and four. After stage four, stage three and then stage two are repeated before entering REM sleep. The total time it takes for a person’s body to go through all five stages is about 90 minutes. Stage one is a very light sleep. The person is not technically asleep yet, for he/she is easily awakened. During this stage, many people may experience hallucinations that are mistaken for dreams and/or falling/floating sensations. David Meyers defines hallucinations as, “[f]alse sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.” (p.94) Many people will recall being pinned to their bed or floating, when in reality it was the normal occurrences of the first stage of sleep. During this...
Words: 311 - Pages: 2
...Sleep 2015 Gabe Wai Sleep is something that we can always have enough of, for our body to function fine with plenty of energy because our muscle repair, memory consolidation and release of hormones regulating growth and appetite have completed their phase in the body. 117 When you start drifting off your heart rate and breathing slows down. 1 Most children 6- 13 need to sleep from nine to eleven hours each night. a baby needs to obtain around 16 hours of sleep a day but it can be spread out over the course of one day.1 In a day a newborn will sleep throughout the day and will not sleep all the way through the night till about 1 year old because they don't need as much of feeding and are doing more in the day. 1 As people reach 14, they start needing less and less sleep until they are older than 65. 1 Most 26 - 64 need seven or nine hours of sleep. 1 When studying sleep doctors use several different machines but one way is using the EEG, which stands for Electroencephalography and measures Brainwaves on a graph. We have 5 different waves our body goes through at night.20 We have alpha/beta, theta, delta, and REM. 25Alpha and Beta are high frequency and low amplitude.25 Theta is high amplitude and low frequency.25 Delta is high frequency and very low amplitude.25 REM is high frequency and low amplitude.25 The way scientists know our body is sleeping is, they use a machine that uses the body's’ electrical waves given by the brain using polysomnography( detailed...
Words: 1583 - Pages: 7
...Sleep deprivation in college students is very common with consequences that affect their physical and mental health. Peer pressure from friends or roommates and the demands of school and jobs leave many teens and college students chronically sleep deprived. Many college kids don't think they need the required hours of sleep necessary for good physical and mental health. In error many think that their youthful energy is enough to keep them going rather than a good 8 hours of sleep. What is sleep deprivation? The best definition of sleep deprivation is found by WebMD. "a sufficient lack of restorative sleep over a cumulative period so as to cause physical or psychiatric symptoms and affect routine performances of tasks." Sleep deprivation is a lack of sleep or not getting enough sleep, unlike insomnia which means a person has trouble falling and staying asleep. Much of society suffers to some extent from sleep deprivation. But ignoring the advice to "get plenty of sleep" has an exaggerated impact on the bodies and minds of college students. Faced with the famous dilemma: "Study, friends, sleep -- pick two," it is often "sleep" that students delete. Sleep deprivation, especially during exam periods, is a way of life for students. A recent study by the National Sleep Foundation (National Sleep Foundation, 2009) )found that “63% of college students do not get enough sleep.” Fifteen percent of college students admitted that they fall asleep in class. Those students who studied...
Words: 776 - Pages: 4
...Response #2: Sleep Sleep is extremely important to the body and its functions. It is so important, scientists suggest approximately eight hours of sleep a night to improve performance and cognitive functions. Due to having a full time job and being a full time student, I can only get in between five to six hours of sleep a night. Accordingly, not enough sleep I wish I could get nor enough my body needs. Consequently, not having that eight hour sleep, reduces my personal well-being and productivity at school and work. In the “Science of Sleep” video, the researcher found that sleeping can enhance our memory. Therefore, if you study a subject and sleep on it, you will remember the information much better than you would even right after studying it. I think that is quite an interesting fact, since many students believe that staying up all night studying would be more productive. It is very important to know that sleep has this strong effect on a person's memory and learning ability. The part of sleep in memory and learning is poorly understood and has yet to be precisely characterized. Scientists know it is extremely important, not only to rest our body, but our brain. However, they are not exactly sure what happens to our brain while we are asleep. Not sleeping or not sleeping enough can be fatal and can even be compared to not eating, which is particularly surprisingly. The experiment with rats, displayed in the video, was very intriguing. The rats were not allowed to sleep and after...
Words: 457 - Pages: 2
...English Importance of sleep. Sleep is very important and beneficial part of our lives. Sleep helps us to have a better quality of life, but nowadays not sleeping well has become part of the lives of many people. The sleep needed is between 7 to 9 hours, but some people get 6 hours or less. Sleep deficiency can be presented at any time of our lives, as adult people, teenagers and even in children. Sleeping well helps us physically and mentally. It is known that sleep plays an important role and helps us to improve our memory, health, learning and metabolism. Also sleep has an big impact on our life and it can bring a lot of consequences such as, long term diseases, car accidents, memory problems, shorter life, lower grades, deficiency at work, mad mood, poor performance exercise and extra activities. One of the consequences that lack of sleep brings is long term diseases. If we do not sleep what we need, we can increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and hypertension, metabolic problems such as, obesity and diabetes and emotional disorders such as, depression and bipolar disorder. When we deprive our bodies of sleep, it raises ghrelin which it is a hormone that regulates the need to eat. When we do not sleep, that hormone increases causing us want to eat more when we do not need it, so that is when obesity problems are presented. Also, sleeping decreases leptin which is another hormone that regulates the need to eat and when it decreases, we will have the need...
Words: 2753 - Pages: 12
...definition of terms. Background of the Study Sleep is an integrated part of human health and life and is crucial for learning, performance, and physical and mental health. Sleep deprivation is a serious problem facing individuals in many critical societal roles. It is the condition of not having enough sleep; it can be either chronic or acute. A chronic sleep restricted state can cause fatigue, daytime sleepiness, clumsiness and weight loss or weight gain. It adversely affects the brain and cognitive function. Few studies have compared the effects of acute total sleep deprivation and chronic partial sleep restriction. Complete absence of sleep over long periods is impossible for humans to achieve (unless they suffer from fatal familial insomnia); brief micro sleeps cannot be avoided. A National Sleep Foundation survey found that college/university-aged students get an average of 6.7 hours of sleep each night. Sleep deprivation is common in first year college students as they adjust to the stress and social activities of college life. A study performed by the Department of Psychology at the National Chung Cheng University in Taiwan concluded that freshmen received the shortest amount of sleep during the week. In 1997 the University of Minnesota did research that compared students who went to school at 7:15 am and those who went to school at 8:40 am. They found that students who went to school at 8:40 got higher grades and more sleep on weekday nights. One in four U.S. high school...
Words: 1591 - Pages: 7
...what causes this deficiency. In one of the local TV shows about health, a certain medical doctor said that sleep deprivation can cause obesity. Recently, many researchers and experts have noticed the connection between sleep and weight of a person. Sufficient quantity of sleep is one of the most important factors for a person’s healthy life. Teenagers need more sleep as they grow and develop to maturity. Nowadays, many teenagers especially students have experiencing sleep deprivation due to some factors such as school-related works and net surfing. Recently, evidences have increased affirming that getting insufficient amount of sleep causes a person to gain weight that may be result to obesity. Sleep deprivation causes feelings of fatigue which may lead to reduced physical activities. Sleep deprivation has a hormonal effect that may induce the person’s appetite. Sleep deprivation is very common among adolescents and this has been one of the factors that affect them to gain weight which may sometimes result to obesity. We performed a survey that may show us the proofs that sleep deprivation is linked to weight gain through hormones and physical activities. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Sleep deprivation today is very common among adolescents especially students that affect their activities and health. It might be contributed to weight gain that sometimes results to obesity. Sleep deprivation among teenagers has been worsening these days because of many factors such as the new technologies...
Words: 1787 - Pages: 8
...Sleep Paralysis Symone Clayton English Composition 1 Abstract I was a sophomore in High School in New Haven , Michigan when In school I decided to walk home and skip school, my house was empty at the time so I decided to go into my room and take a nap and that’s when it happened for the very first time. I had awakened and I felt this heavy weight on my body and another feeling that I can only describe as if someone is lying on top of me, forcing me down (hence holding my whole body down) holding my lips and eyelids shut. I could hear though. This lasted for about 10 seconds. During these 10 seconds all sorts of thoughts started running through my mind questioning the reality of this phenomenon and even extended to states where I thought I must be dead! Then all of a sudden, my eyelids opened and I could look around I could even see from my peripheral vision that my brother was sleeping. I shouted and shouted but in vain. Within the next minute I had fully awakened and all of a sudden jerked up into a seated position on the bed. This was one of the most horrific and frightening experiences I have ever had. At that time, I didn’t even know what to call this episode I had experienced. I felt quite embarrassed to talk about it in general for a reason I don’t know till today. About six months later I started to do my own researches on the incident which had happened to me. My mother wanted me to start reading the bible more and go see Pastor and they felt it was a trick...
Words: 1141 - Pages: 5
...Powerful Sleep – Secrets of the Inner Sleep Clock by Kacper M. Postawski, PowerfulSleep.com Copyright © 2004 PowerfulSleep.com All 1 Rights Reserved Powerful Sleep – Secrets of the Inner Sleep Clock by Kacper M. Postawski, PowerfulSleep.com Table of Contents Disclaimer: ________________________________________________________________5 Introduction _______________________________________________________________6 The Popular Myth about Sleeping ________________________________________________ 6 Recent “Eye Opening” Discoveries ________________________________________________ 7 How Much Sleep Do You Really Need? ____________________________________________ 7 The Mystery of Quality Sleep ____________________________________________________ 7 Chapter 1: Sleep Mechanics __________________________________________________9 What is Sleep, and Why Do We Sleep? __________________________________________9 Your Crash Course on Brain Waves ______________________________________________ 9 The 5 Stages of Sleep ___________________________________________________________ 9 Sleep Cycles __________________________________________________________________ 11 How Important is Deep Sleep? __________________________________________________ 13 How Important is REM Sleep? __________________________________________________ 13 So what is Quality Sleep?_______________________________________________________ 14 Chapter 2: The Inner Sleep Clock_____________________________________________15 ...
Words: 26531 - Pages: 107
...Over the past few years, I have consistently found myself tired. I could wake up from a deep sleep that ranged from six to eight hours and show still show signs of fatigue. I could be in the middle of doing something and would find myself dozing off. I decided to research how this condition may be affecting me on a daily basis. I also tried to examine what actually may be causing me to experience these. The most common cause of sleep deprivation is that a person may have some sort of a sleep disorder. There seems to be hundreds of different sleep disorders that can affect someone. People can suffer from insomnia, delayed sleep phase syndrome, hypopnea, syndrome, night terrors, rapid eye movement behavior disorder, restless leg syndrome and sleep apnea. Some are very common while others are found in very few patients. I was intrigued by restless leg syndrome because I have heard of it on several occasions. Restless Leg Syndrom is also known as Willis-Ekborn disease is a neurological disorder that causes a person to move uncontrollably at moments where they may feel uncomfortable. It is common referred as RLS and the symptoms can occur anywhere on the body despite the more commonly used name implying that the problem occurs in the leg. There are several symptoms that are common and they can affect a person at almost any age. According to the Restless Legs Syndrome Foundation, around 45% of patients exhibited their first symptoms of the ailments before their twentieth birthday...
Words: 857 - Pages: 4
...PSYC& 100: General Psychology Jan C. Kruper Winter 2012 Homework #3: Sleep Maximum 15 Points Expectation – An essay consisting of about 2 pages: Typed and Double-Spaced (Several paragraphs (5 - 7) with several sentences (4 - 7) per paragraph) Name: Brendon Rittenhouse Due Beginning of Class on: 1/20/2012 My current sleep patterns vary slightly from night to night. I have a lot going on throughout the week, so I am not always able to get to sleep around the same time every night. One night I might be able to get to sleep around midnight which is about average for me, and others its not until around 1 or 2 a.m. due to either restlessness or stress. Even when I am tired throughout the day, one thing or another keeps me awake until I feel I have accomplished all I need to do throughout the day and/or until I feel I will not be needed by any of my friends or loved ones, usually until after they are all asleep. My sleep is heavily affected by work, school, and friends and family. I feel the need to stay up until I feel all my duties and such are accomplished for the day. This includes the possibility of being needed for one thing or another by any family members and/or friends and loved ones. I feel the need to be sure that everyone around me that I care about, even if they aren’t living with me, are settled in for the night and taken care of either via text messaging or phone calls. Until I am assured of this, I am usually pretty restless and my...
Words: 865 - Pages: 4
