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CHAPTER 1
ANSWERS FOR THE MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. b The sociological perspective is an approach to understanding human behavior by placing it within its broader social context. (4)
2 . d Sociologists consider occupation, income, education, gender, age, and race as dimensions of social location.(4)
3. d All three statements reflect ways in which the social sciences are like the natural sciences. Both attempt to study and understand their subjects objectively; both attempt to undercover the relationships that create order in their respective worlds through controlled observation; and both are divided into many specialized fields. (5-7)
4. c Generalization is one of the goals of scientific inquiry. It involves going beyond individual cases by making statements that apply to broader groups or situations. (7)
5. b The Industrial Revolution, imperialism, and the development of the scientific method all contributed to the development of sociology. The fourth influence was the political revolutions in America and France — there was no political revolution in Britain at that time. (8-9)
6. d Positivism is the application of the scientific approach to the social world. (9)
7. d Of the four statements, the one that best reflects Herbert Spencer’s views on charity is “The poor are the weakest members of society and if society intervenes to help them, it is interrupting the natural process of social evolution.” While many contemporaries of Spencer’s were appalled by his views, the wealthy industrialists found them attractive. (10)
8. b The proletariat is the large group of workers who are exploited by the small group of capitalists who own the means of production, according to Karl Marx. (11)
9. a Durkheim believed that social factors, patterns of behavior that characterize a social group, explain many types of behavior, including suicide rates. (12)

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