...Running Head: ETHICAL ISSUES AND MULTI-NATIONAL ENTERPRISE Veronica Mason Theory Digest Ethical Issues and Multi-National Enterprise University of Maryland University College October 13, 2012 Ethical issues and Multi-National Enterprises Today’s global marketplace presents ethical dilemmas for multinational corporations. Research has shown that ethical decision-making process becomes particularly challenging when the ethical standards in the company’s home country are higher than those in host markets. While ethical issues have become a current theme recently, organizations must continue to focus on improvement. Multi-National Enterprises need to make this a high priority within their organization. Ethics include basic human interactions: respect for differences, trust that our counterparts will work with us in a truthful manner, honesty in communication with others, and expectations that each of us will keep our word and maintain credibility (Olaru, 2009). Very few companies were established globally and little attention had not been given to the issue of ethical guidelines in a global setting. Global business ethics and social responsibility have now become a significant problem for many multinational companies. Attitudes toward ethics are rooted in culture and business practices (Caliskan, 2010). Ethical issues have become an interesting part of MNE’s focus. Literature has found that ethics is associated with levels of morality and general conduct...
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...Purchasing Ethics and how it Changes the Global Marketplace Assignment 3.4 Mike Wooddell ERAU LGMT 536 – Purchasing for Logistics and Supply Chain Management June 17, 2015 Abstract As organizations increase their global footprint, the need for reliable, ethical, and sustainable suppliers also increases. Understanding this need, more businesses are engaging suppliers that are the most cost effective and not necessarily the most ethical. This brings me to the research of purchasing ethics. Specifically how do ethics change the landscape of today’s global market? This paper will look at several factors that include the cross cultural understanding of ethics, the personal and professional responsibility, and several ethical challenges such as environmental responsibility and human rights and the impact it has on the global market. Key Words: business ethics, global market, cultural factors, professional responsibility, ethical challenges I. WHAT IS ETHICS – DEFINITION AND UNDERSTANDING Clearly define what ethics mean in the global market and the domestic market and how it is interpreted in each. II. CULTURAL FACTORS IN GLOBAL MARKETS Identify how cultural factors such as religion, sexual orientation, and accepted standard practices influence or hinder international and domestic business. III. PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY TO BUSINESSES Identify the responsibility and moral obligation when ethical dilemmas occur, your personal code of...
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...Heineken: Cultural Issues of a Global Organization As the top beer selling company on a global scale, Heineken Inc. has persevered successfully across 70 countries of cultural differences in its 145-year history in the international industry. Marketing alcoholic beverages across many countries comes with language barriers, translation issues, cultural acceptance issues, and possible resultant misunderstandings by stakeholders. What may be accepted and understood as a socially responsible marketing message in the American market can be an insult to African or Middle East markets. A socially acceptable Swiss image of a girl in a bikini holding a bottle of beer can cause significant cultural rejection in conservative markets, such as Israel. Furthermore, target marketing varies from country to country because of age legality and local customs. As Heineken continues to dominate one of the most competitive industries in the world, they must also continue to consider, address, and positively influence multiple consumer cultures across their global market to maintain standing as a competitive international organization in their industry. When advertising to a global market, Heineken must understand the language and cultural acceptance of alcoholic beverages within each country. In more conservative Arabian countries, such as Egypt, beer is still considered to be sinful by many locals but is slowly gaining acceptance partially because it is relatively low priced (Euromonitor International...
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...on how to deal with ethical issues such as issues with bribery and corruption within the international markets. The problem for BD is that they are in stuck in a situation that they are feeling pressure to not follow their ethical conduct and participate in these social norms that consist of bribes and scandals in order to guarantee a contract. The US government outlawed any company that participates in international trade to offer gifts or money in order to make deals. This is definitely not the case in countries such as Europe, Asia, and Africa where it is a social norm to offer these gifts to influence a business deal. The problem for BD is that other companies within the international market are going to use such incentives to gain business. BD needs to decide if they are going to have a uniform policy on gifts, or make a region-by-region policy? My recommendations are that the company treats these ethical issues on a region-by-region policy. As we have discussed in prior cases, culture is a large part of how people do business and companies need to respect the culture and their norms when running international businesses. But at the same time, BD should not be chosen because of how great the gifts or bribes are but rather how good of a product they provide. BD is trying to increase their attention onto ethics and ensure that employees are complying with their practices on an international basis. The problem is that in each country or region, social norms change. One must...
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...Business Ethics and Global Dimension of Business Business Ethics and Global Dimension of Business October 19, 2014 Ethical issues have been around for a long time and its association with globalization has been documented. The effects on the association with globalization are similar and closely related to that of international marketing. As a result, the increased globalization over the years has brought an increase in many problems associated with global trading including ethical ones. (WTO, 2011). As indicated by World Trade organization in 2011, there was significant expansion in world trade from 1950 to 2000. This increase was documented to be over twenty-fold with foreign direct investment and exports playing a significant role. This increase in world trade in the middle to late 20th century also saw small businesses increasing their investments in cross border trading. This resulted in an increase in the average yearly outflow of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) from about $25 billion in 1975 to a record $1.3 trillion in 2000. (UN, 2001). This means that there were a great number of business people with different social and cultural backgrounds doing business in other areas of different geographical, political, legal, social and cultural environments. The challenges that confronted these business people working in these different environments with its associated social and cultural problems created a platform for indulgence in ethical problems and other issues. (Dagdelen, Elibol...
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...Business Ethics and Global Dimension of Business Ethical issues have been around for a long time and its association with globalization has been documented. The effects on the association with globalization are similar and closely related to that of international marketing. As a result, the increased globalization over the years has brought an increase in many problems associated with global trading including ethical ones. (WTO, 2011). As indicated by World Trade organization in 2011, there was significant expansion in world trade from 1950 to 2000. This increase was documented to be over twenty-fold with foreign direct investment and exports playing a significant role. This increase in world trade in the middle to late 20th century also saw small businesses increasing their investments in cross border trading. This resulted in an increase in the average yearly outflow of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) from about $25 billion in 1975 to a record $1.3 trillion in 2000. (UN, 2001). This means that there were a great number of business people with different social and cultural backgrounds doing business in other areas of different geographical, political, legal, social and cultural environments. The challenges that confronted these business people working in these different environments with its associated social and cultural problems created a platform for indulgence in ethical problems and other issues. (Dagdelen, Elibol & Yucel, 2009). Cross border trade experienced a great...
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...Responsibility in an Age of Global Problems Review Assignment Make a summary of the author’s main contentions This study starts with the point of view that classic ethics are failing when they are confronted with many global problems. Compared to other periods of time, the world is able to connect nowadays. Because of the possibilities of the media, nearly ever person has qualitatively and quantitatively choices. The author emphasizes that we don’t choose to be global citizens; she claims that the world’s people are global citizens. People would choose the way of living with the media. The human nature is the basis for the philosophical morality. The concept of virtue, which was defined by Aristotle and other philosophers is basing on the philosophical morality. They underline that people fulfill their potential by using their intellect and will. „Excellent“ would not be given by nature, people have to put afford in work to achieve this status. Besides, other philosophers characterized mortality apart from particular human talents and functions. For examples Kant refers to rationality or Hume choose rationality as criterion. Other authors also claim natural right as the source of ethics. In all of these described concepts, ethics are based on essential human experience and our notions of ethical goodness are intrinsically bound up with our self-definition. At the macro level, ethics deduce from the essential nature like social beings. Through social connections and the fabrics...
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...Esben, R. P & Mette, A. (2006) - Journal of Public Affairs 6 2.2 Group materials under meaningful themes and critical discussion 7 2.3 The practical and theoretical implication of the findings 9 2.4 Evidence from published cases and empirical studies 11 2.5 managerial recommendations in translating CSR in global SC into practice 12 3.0 Conclusions and suggestions for future research 14 4.0 Reference List 15 Executive Summary Integrated supply chain has becoming a significantly important role in the competitive landscape because companies are searching for strategic benefits. Apart from the advantages derived from those more coordinated supply chains, certain social obligations become a concern to business. In reality, the codes of conduct in terms of the CSR are developed by many organizations, especially the buying companies, in order to manage the business behavior of their partners with procurement and supply chain system. It makes it clear that all purchasing companies should be responsible for and pay attention to the ethical business behaviors of their suppliers. However, it is difficult to find any relevant guidance and rules about the issue in current literatures even though the management of CSR has become a significantly important problems to...
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...Actual Trends in Theory and in Practice of the International Business Ethics Gabriela Dubcová* ABSTRACT The ethics triangle: national law, culture and political economic system. Key factors of current ethics issues in an international environment. The most visible changes in environment dimensions. Principles of international business ethics. Current ethics challenges in international environment. Common issues of the international business ethics. Comparison of ethical standards in different cultures. Accelerating development of globalization and assimilation between Europe and the USA. Differences between Europe, the United States and Asia in the business ethics perspective. Development processes of global business ethics. Levels of global business ethic level. Principle of normative guidelines for business conduct of multinational corporations. Current functioning of institution engaged in the international business ethics. Key words: The ethics triangle; Current ethics issues; International business ethics; Ethical standards; Global business ethics; Institution engaged in the International Business Ethics. JEL classification: K2, M1 Introduction The present economic situation in the globalized world generates very efficient processes in international companies with large profits for managers but with a relevant risk in economic and noneconomic ambit to eliminate any negative impacts of the crisis from one country to another. In this case, it is necessary to enact and...
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...Wal-Mart Cross-Cultural Perspectives Timothy Johnson ETH/316 Ethics and Social Responsibility July 3, 2014 Rodney Adams Wal-Mart Cross-Cultural Perspectives The subject of whether ethical and social issues should be a major concern for businesses is frequently debated, expressly in an arrangement of compositions from Larry Summers, Bill Gates, and many others. In recent times, a book called Creative Capitalism was put in print to discuss this very issue. There are varying opinions in regards to the cross-cultural perspectives of cultural issues that affects the organization’s interactions outside the United States. Nevertheless when you see the optimistic influence from the intention of a favorably image conscious Wal-Mart is producing in China, it undoubtedly indicate that individuals advocating for ethical and socially conscious organizations may be as it should be. Even as Wal-Mart‘s national establishment has grappled over the course of one year, Wal-Mart’s global establishment hasn’t performed effectively as well. Propelled by difficulties in China, Mexico, and Brazil, Wal-Mart’s global revenues “grew by a mere 1% in 2013 and its revenue per square feet declined by 4.2%.” (Team, 2014) Now that Mexico is Wal-Mart’s principal global site, austere outcomes from Mexico are an immense consternation for the mega department store. The China market is also crucially imperative to Wal-Mart in regards to enduring perspective, despite the...
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...accounting profession and the credibility of financial information provided by businesses have been undermined by scandals. Accounting and business education should pay more attention to the ethical to prevent accounting scandals. And they should not be focused on the teaching of accounting techniques. Neoliberal ideology is a political movement beginning in the 1960s that blends traditional liberal concerns for social justice with an emphasis on economic growth. And it is similar to globalization. Globalization includes three elements that are difficult decreasing, quick response to alterations, and multilateral trade liberalization. And accounting professional contains individual professional judgment and professional self-regulation. Globalisation brings many benefits but also a number of problems, for instance, low price labour used by multinationals that Increasing wages for highly-skilled workers and reducing wages for less-skilled workers obviously leads to greater inequality. Neoliberalism has also been unable to address growing levels of global inequality. In order to better focus on ethical education, accountants should consider ethical issues in various directions. And they should understand the requirements of students’ future employer, and how to guide students into a true ethical notion. Introduction With the development of society in the...
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...GDP. Since it is a labour intensive sector, social compliance issues regarding workers and employees became the prime concern for the buyers and suppliers nowadays. The sourcing model of global apparel brands within its ethical purchasing and supply chain management functions have been critically analysed to evaluate their effectiveness and value they add throughout their supply chain and in overall organisational operation. This report has emphasised on three key areas such as general sourcing model and its components in the context of global buyer’s perspective i.e. Transnational Corporations, a clear scenario about current ethical situation of Bangladesh’s apparel sector, and relevant supply chain theories and its implications related to ethical purchasing in apparel industries. At the end, a proper conclusion has been given by evaluating all the three sections critically based on the theoretical lens of purchasing and supply chain management. Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Introduction 3 Section-1: General Discussion on Sourcing and its Components 4 Sourcing and its Role in Supply Chain 4 Sourcing Needs of the Companies and its Impact on Supply Chain 4 Steps of Making Sourcing Decisions by Transnational Corporations 5 Ethical Sourcing 6 Ethical Sourcing by TNCs in Apparel Sector 6 Importance of being Ethical in Sourcing 8 Section-2: Current Situation of Bangladeshi Apparel Sector and its Ethical Perspectives 9 Section-3: Supply Chain Theories...
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...NORTHCENTRAL UNIVERSITY ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET Learner: Jeffrey D. Simmons THIS FORM MUST BE COMPLETELY FILLED IN Please Follow These Procedures: If requested by your mentor, use an assignment cover sheet as the first page of the word processor file. The assignment header should include the Learner’s last name, first initial, course code, dash, and assignment number (DoeJXXX0000-1) justified to the left and the page number justified to the right. Keep a Photocopy or Electronic Copy of Your Assignments: You may need to re-submit assignments if your mentor has indicated that you may or must do so. Academic Integrity: All work submitted in each course must be the Learner’s own. This includes all assignments, exams, term papers, and other projects required by the faculty mentor. The known submission of another person’s work represented as that of the Learner’s without properly citing the source of the work will be considered plagiarism and will result in an unsatisfactory grade for the work submitted or for the entire course, and may result in academic dismissal. | | MGT7019-8 | Dr. Chad McAllister | | | Foundations for Doctoral Study in Business | SIMMONSMGT7019-8-ASSGN#1 | | | All work submitted is original and my own intellectual property. I am open to guidance and instruction that enable me to achieve my educational goal of excellence. ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ...
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...Christy Holley Environmental Factors for PepsiCo PepsiCo, one of the leading beverage and snack companies in the United States and abroad, is affected by both global and domestic environmental factors. These factors, along with changes in technology, all impact and shape the organization and affect marketing decisions. The article “PepsiCo Pops for China,” written by Ruthie Ackerman and published by Forbes.com, reviews Pepsi’s decision to invest billions into the Chinese market audience. This paper will review the article, identify environmental factors that shape the organization and impact marketing decisions, and discuss how technology plays a role in those decisions. Alternatives to Ackerman’s view of social responsibility to the company’s marketing decisions and activities will be analyzed, along with explanations of how ethical issues can make an impact. The accuracy of the article’s forecasts will be reviewed and further supportive references to conclusions made will be gathered, if necessary. Global and Domestic Factors Several macro-environmental factors shape the PepsiCo Corporation and impact marketing decisions. Demographics, economic climate, ecological and political issues, technology, and cultural concerns all affect where the company is headed desires and the decisions the company makes. Each issue affects the company differently, but when combined together, the environmental factors can wreak havoc on a company’s bottom line if not addressed appropriately...
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...Gina Wu Companies across all industries are facing the challenges of business sustainability, debating how best to address these risky issues while also embracing their opportunities for competitive advantage. This Teaching Module uses the context of the fashion industry to discuss topics that are shaping the future of all industries. These topics include sustainable resource management, the challenges and opportunities of global growth, workforce management, and the role of ethical consumption in business. The fashion industry offers a compelling case study for exploring business sustainability issues. In the fashion industry, as in many industries, success requires highly developed sourcing, design, manufacturing, and marketing chains. Increasingly, success also means incorporating sustainability in resource and labor management, as firms realize that long-term corporate survival will depend on new ways of doing business. Climate change, resource challenges, new technologies and dramatic shifts in the global economy are already impacting the industry. The nexus of these concerns allows students to explore sustainability challenges while providing a framework for discussing new business models and management techniques for the future. Given its enormous reach and connection to important business topics ranging from climate change to social networking, the fashion industry’s practices provide broadly-relevant lessons for future business leaders in all fields as they focus on...
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