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Social Defense Theory

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Submitted By arbele31
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Task I
Read: Ein-Dor, T., Mikulincer, M., Doron, G., & Shaver, P. R. (2010). The attachment paradox: How can so many of us (the insecure ones) have no adaptive advantages? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5, 123-141.
Answer the following questions:

1. What is the paradox in attachment theory?

The paradox in attachment theory is that insecure attachment styles such as avoidant and anxious could provide advantageous results in certain living conditions in the same way that a secure attachment style can. Although the original attachment theory according to Bowlby stated only the disadvantages of the then detrimental attachment styles (anxious and avoidant), researchers such as Belsky and Symons found there to be adaptive advantages to these styles with close regard to the fact that these styles have continued to evolve through time. In addition to this, the paradox also raises the matter that social groups containing members with different attachment patterns may be more fit for survival than those of a homogenous group of securely attached individuals.

2. To your opinion, why current theory and research in attachment fail to find adaptive advantages for insecure attachment orientations?

It is clear that since the early formation of attachment theories, secure attachment has clearly proven to be the most efficient. If a child isn’t being responded to, attended, nurtured or is consistently cared for, he/she will become insecurely attached. These negative characteristics are bound to lead to problematic outcomes that are usually extremely difficult to overcome. Despite roughly 33% of humans exhibiting insecure attachment patterns, and over 2 billion people worldwide being insecurely attached, research hasn’t led to any type of breakthrough in providing support for any advantages of insecure attachment (Grossmann, Grossmann, & Waters, 2005).

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