...Chapter 3 Influences in the Business Environment Personal use only Businesses operate in a dynamic, often turbulent, environment. The business environment refers to anything that affects the operation of a business. Farmers have understood the impact of the environment for centuries. The farmer has no control over aspects of the environment The business such as drought. However, the farmer can prepare for possible adversity in the environment and environment refers to quickly adapt to those changes. Effective managers are constantly monitoring the business environment to pick up any change that may impact on their business. If they pick up a change quickly and respond before their competitors, it may lead to a significant advantage to their business. This is what happened when Woolworths’ managers picked up the trend to the healthy life style before the managers of Coles. The Woolworths’ managers immediately responded by developing a focus on fresh produce, delicatessens, bakeries and dairy. Customers responded by leaving Coles and shopping at Woolworths. Now that Wesfarmers Limited has purchased Coles its managers are quickly implementing strategies to regain their competitive advantage. anything that affects the operation of the business 55 HomeThink Draw the Woolworths’ logo. What does it represent? Is it effective? 3.1 External influences The external influences from the business environment are those outside the control of a business’s managers. The...
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...Social Influence Conformity 3 types of conformity - Kelman Compliance – privately disagreeing, but publicly going along with the group behaviour or attitudes. Identification – a temporary change in beliefs and behaviour while you remain a member of the group. Includes private and public change of belief. Internalisation – a permanent change in beliefs and behaviour. Conformity is more likely in ambiguous situations (where there is no obvious answer) Implicit norm – normal patterns of behaviour generally understood by all egg personal space, lining up for food/ toilets. Explicit norms – normal patterns of behaviour that are enforced by written guidelines or signs etc some become law. (No smoking signs, speed signs) Sherif – auto kenetic light effect 2 reasons why we conform. Duel Process model both process at the same time Asch 1951 Conformity in an unambiguous situation. Ao1 Describe Asch’s aims, findings, conclusions Ao2/3 Evaluate Asch’s experiment. Consider strengths/limitations of using a lab experiment. Consider S/L of Asch’s research in terms of culture, time-historical consider ethical issues. Aims To investigate if people gave in to conformity even when the answer is obvious, which is called unambiguous. To investigate normative social influence. Findings His findings showed that 32% of critical trials where a participant confirmed. 75% of the participants confirmed...
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...Social Influences on Behavior 1 Social Influence on Behavior Frances Sequoyah PSY/300 February 10, 2014 Trisha Ferre Social Influences on Behavior 2 Abstract From the moment humans are born, they are social beings because without another person feeding, giving them personal care and love, no human infant would survive. Even after humans become adults and are able to take care of themselves, they still need or choose to interact with other individuals since the majority of humans need companionship of some type. Whether it is interacting with people who are friends or someone they choose as a companion. The only people who prefer not to associate with others are the ones with anti-social disorders or other mental illnesses. The following article will examine the fundamental concept of human interactions from the perspective of social psychology. This includes examples how human behavior changes when subjected to different social situations and what specific behaviors were shown and the context in which they occurred. The examples used will provide analyses of possible precursors and the consequences of different behaviors and will identify phenomenon associated with the selected behavioral examples such as social facilitation and social loafing. Social Influences on Behavior ...
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...Abstract Extreme cases of social roles or influences usually need treatment. Such as in the case of social influences and altruism were in the extremes it is necessary to correct behaviors that occur. However, choice is the clear decision maker in determining actions, whether good or bad, correct or incorrect, education needs to be available for people to make the right decision. Social Influences on Behavior Paper By examining the basic concepts and of human interaction in social situations and the way behavior changes by examining altruism and social influence we can get a better understanding of these concepts through a psychological perspective. What happens in these situations and if the effects of the situations require treatment or if the behaviors require correcting. Altruism is “behaving in a way that helps another person with no apparent gain, or with potential cost, to oneself.” (Kowalski, R., & Westen, D., 2009) There are several theories within altruism, there is ethical hedonism, “…asserts that all behavior, no matter how apparently altruistic, is and should be designed to increase one’s own pleasure or reduce one’s own pain.” (Kowalski, R., & Westen, D., 2009) This theory offers that giving money, food, etc. is only done by an individual to compensate for their own sorrow and making themselves feel better. Another theory is reciprocal altruism, “…natural selection favors animals that behave altruistically if the likely benefit to each individual over...
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...Social influences as the process where other individuals influence another individuals every day, thoughts, behavior and even emotions (Gray & Bjorklund, 2014). When social influences change an individual’s willingness towards a behavior or belief, it means the individual has conformed. When individuals conform in order to fit within group norms in order to feel liked or accepted, is referred as normative conformity. Informational influence occurs when individuals conform to others belief or choices because, individuals believe that others have information which the person was not aware of. Both of these types of conformity can be observed in common everyday life scenarios. Informational influence can be a way of sharing information, children...
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...Social Influences on Behavior Donnie Toms PSY 200 Feb 24 2013 Dr. Hawkins Social Influences on Behavior Introduction Everybody has their normal day to day life, whether that is going to work, going to school, staying at home, or doing whatever that day. Most of us have some type of social interaction on a daily basis and depending on what your day consist of dictates the type of social influences around us. We all have our own thoughts, feelings and actions, but when we are around other people those same thoughts, feelings and actions could be different. When you are at work the atmosphere is professional and work related, but if you are out with friends having some fun the atmosphere is more party like. The change in social influences dictates our behavior and what we deem to be appropriate. Social influence is defined as “the process wherein one person's attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors are changed as a result of interaction with another individual or with a group” (Stavrositu 2011). Social Behaviors There are various types of social behaviors that people exhibit depending on the influences around us. These influences can be conformity, the act of matching our attitude, beliefs and behaviors with a group of people. Conformity is when we would adapt what the culture deems normal and include that into our daily lives even when alone. Peer pressure is the influence put on us by a peer group or any individual to change our attitude, beliefs, or behaviors. Peer...
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...Can social media influence people’s thoughts and ideas? People use media every day we such as watching TV, Surfing the internet, Social media sites, and play video games. Media plays an important role in our everyday activities. However, these every day activities influence our actions. There are many pros and cons that visual media has affected children and the American culture. Media influences our thoughts and plays a major role in our lives. We use media every day on a regular basis for many different things. Whether it is to surf the internet for information, or watching movies and television online. I think it has influenced the way we look at others and base it how we should be. An example, would be young girls see super models a reality stars on magazines and in reality it is not really them. The models are photo shopped or have been airbrushed. Therefore, it is setting a bad example of what girls should look like. Another example, advertising has affected the way we purchase items. These ads make it seem that you have to have purchase their product in order to fit in. There are many pros and cons of visual media on how it affects our behavior. Some of the pros of visual media are how it influenced education. There is so much information on the internet we have access to. There are so many television programs that are education such as the history channel. Children are able to learn from watching these educational programs. Visual media is positive but, it...
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...Social Facilitation and its influence on food intake Social facilitation has shown to bee an attribute to the aspect that some people have a higher susceptible level to social influence; an individuals factors can make him/her more attentive of evaluation. This can have an effect on an individuals presence in front of observers, where the individual can be more greatly affected in presence of others. Esma is an individual of normal body weight who attends a social dinner consisting 12 other people, whereas two of whom she is familiar with. Considering this, I will firstly proceed to argue if social facilitation influences the amount of food intake as in Esmas situation, and secondly, evaluate the correlation if Esma has a low trait of empathy. There has been shown to be three distinct effects on peoples behavior when consuming food among other people. The first one indicates that people usually eat more, when eating in a group (Herman et al, 2003). Research show that individuals eat up to 50% more while eating with others, than eating alone (De Castro & De Castro, 1989). There has also been shown that there is a significant correlation between social facilitation and meal duration (Bell & Pillner, 2003).However, another theory states that individuals have a tendency of mirroring the eating behaviors when eating in presence of other individuals who either eat a lot or little. Findings showed that individuals consume more when eating with individuals with a high consumption...
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...Social Influence: Key Terminology Agentic state a state of feeling controlled by an authority figure, and therefore lacking a sense of personal responsibility. Authoritarian personality identified by Adorno et al. as someone who is more likely to be obedient. These people tend to hold rigid beliefs, and to be hostile towards other groups and submissive to authority. Autokinetic effect - a visual illusion where a small spot of light in a darkened room appears to be moving when in fact it is stationary. Autonomous state - being aware of the consequences of our actions and therefore taking voluntary control of our behaviour. Buffers - aspects of situations that protect people from having to confront the results of their actions. Collectivistic cultures - cultures (such as many in the Far East) in which the emphasis is on group solidarity and interdependence. Commitment - an individual's involvement in, and motivation for, a given viewpoint. Compliance - conforming to the majority view in order to be liked, or to avoid ridicule or social exclusion. Compliance occurs more readily with public behaviour than private behaviour, and is based on power. Conformity - changes in behaviour and/or attitudes occurring in response Consistency - the extent to which the same opinions are expressed by all minority group members (interindividual consistency) and over time (intra-individual consistency). Conversion - the influence of the minority on the majority. This is likely to affect...
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...Social influence occurs when one's emotions, opinions, or behaviors are affected by others.[1] Social influence takes many forms and can be seen in conformity, socialization, peer pressure, obedience, leadership, persuasion, sales, and marketing. In 1958, Harvard psychologist, Herbert Kelman identified three broad varieties of social influence.[2] 1. Compliance is when people appear to agree with others, but actually keep their dissenting opinions private. 2. Identification is when people are influenced by someone who is liked and respected, such as a famous celebrity. 3. Internalization is when people accept a belief or behavior and agree both publicly and privately. Morton Deutsch and Harold Gerard described two psychological needs that lead humans to conform to the expectations of others. These include our need to be right (informational social influence), and our need to be liked (normative social influence).[3] Informational influence (or social proof) is an influence to accept information from another as evidence about reality. Informational influence comes into play when people are uncertain, either because stimuli are intrinsically ambiguous or because there is social disagreement. Normative influence is an influence to conform to the positive expectations of others. In terms of Kelman's typology, normative influence leads to public compliance, whereas informational influence leads to private acceptance. [edit] Types Social Influence is a broad term...
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...Normative social influence This type of social influence is associated most commonly with compliance (going along with the majority even if you don’t accept their beliefs because you want to be accepted). Normative social influence is when a majority are able to control other groups by exerting pressure on them to conform. Because the majority normally have the greatest power they can do this very easily. For example, the majority could make the minority feel uncomfortable about disagreeing, as we see in Asch’s study. Or the majority could even force them too with fear and power, as the Nazis did to so many Germans; they used scaremongering to enforce conformity. This is type of conformity is driven by the basic need to feel accepted and to have companionship with other people, the majority. Informational Social Influence This is where someone conforms to a view because they believe it to be correct. This is associated with Internalisation (conforming because you have accepted a group’s views and they now fit with your own beliefs). This type of conformity can occur with majority or minority influence, but it is most likely to happen when: * The right course of action is clear, there isn’t one obvious right answer * The situation is a crisis, you need to make a fast decision (both of these are evident when following a crowd who claim to be fleeing from a disaster, for example) * We believe the others to be experts; if we think the people we are conforming to “know...
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...discusses social thinking and social influence. A summary of the main points in the chapter how group membership affects an individual, how being social influences how we think about ourselves and others, what attitudes are and how they are acquired, persuasion and cognitive dissonance, social influence and power, mere presence, conformity, compliance, obedience, brainwashing and self assertion. Social thinking and social influence is something that we are all affected by whether we realize it or not and many of the concepts that shed light on this subject are quite interesting. We are all born into an organized society and thus we all belong to some sort of social group. Within that group we all have certain social roles we play. Some of these roles we take on voluntarily and some involuntarily. Role conflicts sometimes take place when our roles conflict with one another, such as a police officer having to arrest an acquaintance. Structure and cohesion are two important dimensions to any group. Every group whether formal or informal has a sort of structure, the group cohesiveness determines the attraction to stay in the group. People mainly identify with their in groups, and cohesiveness is especially strong in these in groups. There are many factors that determine our in groups, such as age, race, religion, income etc… Then there are our out groups, which are groups we do not identify with. The position a person has within these social groups...
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...psychology perspective. It will describe at least two examples of how human behavior changes based on social situations. The two behaviors that this paper will examine are teenagers who drink in a crowd of their peers but don't drink when they are alone and taking part in bullying in a group but not alone. In both of these scenarios the individual who participates in the behaviors to fit in are “changing their attitudes or behavior to accommodate the standards of peers or group by a process called conformity (Kowalski & Westen, 2005).” The paper will also discuss precursors and consequences of both of these behaviors. Next, the paper will analyze and identify any associated phenomenon like social facilitation, social loafing , or groupthink. Last, there will be some discussion from the NIMH on whether or not these behaviors necessitate intervention. Social Influences Paper Introduction “Sociologist and philosophers have recognized that people behave different in crowds than they do as individuals and that a crowd is more than the mere sum of its parts (Kowalski & Westen, 2005).” Human behavior changes based on the social situations they encounter. This paper will examine basic concepts of human interaction from a psychology perspective. It will describe at least two examples of how human behavior changes based on social situations. In analyzing these two perspectives there will be given a description of the specific behaviors...
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...Social Influences on Behavior Debbie Noonan PSY 300 October 15, 2011 Ashley Dolecki Social Influences on Behavior Social psychology is the scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another. These are the broad questions that social psychologists and personality psychologists seek to answer. By exploring such inner motivations such as traits, attitudes, and goals and looking at the situation or context such as social norms, social psychologists seek to unravel how interactions such as romance, friendship, aggression, and group interactions affect social areas of our lives. Although personality psychology focuses on the individual, and social psychology on the situation, the two perspectives are often explored together in explanations of human behavior in psychology. This paper shall outline human behavior changes based on two social situations, teasing and prejudice, and the precursors and consequences of those behaviors. Teasing is almost as much a part of childhood as skinned knees and runny noses, but the effects of that teasing can have long-lasting and profound effects. Is there a place for this behavior? We do playful teasing every day, poking fun at the coworker who is always running late, commenting on someone’s choice of words, or even making innocent comments about our spouse’s choice of clothing for the evening. Is this teasing acceptable in all situations? How do we know when it isn’t? One of the...
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...need to get a jean jacket; this is a social influence. Through studies and experiments, we can conclude whether or not social influence is bad. Why do we as a society feel the need to be accepted and/or ‘fit in’? In an experiment documented by Sasha Alo, a man walks onto an elevator and faces the doors, while everyone else faces the back. The man then proceeds to slowly turn around and face the back. All the other people in the video turn out to be actors and that man turns out to be a random person who just happened to walk into this elevator and unknowingly is apart of a social experiment. The man felt as though he needed to fit in with everyone else in the elevator. He felt the urge/need to be accepted in his own way. In Kathleen Yale’s article, she discusses different social influence experiments. Stanley Milgram’s gathered 40 men for an experiment. He wanted to test whether or not they would shock a stranger just because he told them...
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