...Learning Theories of Personalities Kristie Tripaldi, Tandy Noonan, Charlie Fritz, Jodie Bowes, and Velinda Chandler PSY/405 March 5, 2012 Angela Snelling Learning Theories of Personalities As individual’s study human behavior, he or she notices that there several theories with plenty of philosophers and psychologists to give his or her own personal observations. However, there are several limitations and strengths of learning theories. The three main theorist of the social learning theory are Albert Bandura, B.F. Skinner, and Julian Rotter. Each of these theorists describes how learning theories affect an individual’s personality. Bandura and Skinner’s theories both explain how an individual learns from his or her environment. Bandura’s social learning theory also explains an individual’s reaction to what he or she observes. Rotter’s theory provides reasoning in environment and personal factors that influences an individual’s behavior. Strengths of Learning Theories Behavior analysis can examine the results of behavior through the calculated experiments of individual, social, and cultural context application (Cherry, 2012). Pavlov’s dog is a very famous experiment of behavioral analysis that proves this theories strength. In anticipation of receiving a meal, the dog would start to salivate. Soon, the dog associated food with the white lab...
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...argues that social learning does not require only direct experiences as radical behaviourists of operant and classical conditioning suggest (Wortley, 2011). Bandura (1977) supports his argument with three reasons. The first is that behaviour is learned through observation (Cherry, 2013). The second is that cognitive mediation is an essential part of the learning process (Cherry, 2013). The third is that not all learned behaviour is repeated (Cherry, 2013). This is because unlike traditional behavioralists, Bandura (1977) views the internal mental processes as important as the external processes in learning (Moore, 2011). His reasoning for this is that the modelling process requires attention, retention, reproduction and motivation in order to acquire the behaviour and determines whether they instigate it and maintain it (Bahn, 2001). As such, Bandura’s (1977) social learning theory, later called social cognitive theory is built upon reciprocal determinism (Moore, 2011). He proposed the triadic SOR model, which shows how interpersonal factors; locus of control, self-efficacy and moral disengagement (organism), interact interchangeably with behaviour (response) and the environment (stimulus) (Simon, 1999/2001). This is an expansion upon the pre-existing behavioralist S-R model, which argues that behaviour is purely the mindless response of the conditioned or unconditioned stimulus acting upon the environment (Parish, 2010). Thus it is clear that Bandura’s social learning theory is...
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...Social cognitive theory From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |[pic] |This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to | | |reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2010) | |Psychology | |[pic] | |Outline | |History | |Subfields | |Basic types | |Abnormal | |Biological | |Cognitive | |Comparative | |Cultural | |Differential | |Developmental | |Evolutionary | |Experimental ...
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...Importance of Understanding How People Form Perceptions In the case of Joe Salatino, he is the new president of Great Northern American and he bases the success of his company by the amount of money he pays the employees. The firm’s salespeople sell millions of products each year. The lead person of this telemarketing company believes that spending money on commissions and bonuses is necessary to keep his salespeople motivated. The company uses all kinds of motivational tactics in the salesroom to keep the employees engaged at work. Many of Joe’s top workers earn thousands of dollars a year plus commission, but usually it takes about a year for an employee to build up their clientele. With in the article it goes to discuss how the salespeople go above and beyond to build a strong relationship with the customers. Joe believes it increases sales when the employees for a memorable relationship with the customers. As a result, when Joe is looking to hire new people; he looks for them to have great communication skills, be highly motivated and considerate. Finally, Joe looks for workers that know their strengths and weakness and thrive to take the initiative without having to be direct all the time. In the workplace, perceptions quickly become formed whether accurate or artificial. Perceptions and inaccurate assumptions of work habits, personal relationships are mostly form over company gossip. Joe Salatino needs to explain to his employees that perceptions in the workplace can...
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...Social-Learning theory has most influenced my beliefs and assumptions about individuals. Social-learning theory main concept is the idea that behavior learned through watching others. This term is coined observational learning. Social-Learning theory, in contrast to Behavioral theorist , do not believe that reinforcement is responsible for all learning. In fact Social learning theorist Albert Bandura extended research which not included social learning but also included behavioral and cognitive learning to be incorporated. This was the main reason to which some refer to social learning theory as social-cognitive theory. Social- Learning Theory also assume an individual's behavior, environment and personal qualities influence one another. Social-Learning theory believe that optimal observational learning can be acquired through three model. One of which is live model, in live model an actual person is demonstrating the behavior. The next model is verbal instruction. In this model the individual is instructed in detail the behavior and how to engage in that behavioral. The last model is symbolic, influences in this model includes television, radio, movies, internet, literature etc. As well in the model fictional or real demonstration of the behavior. As well Bandura believed that there are steps in which modeling process involved. The first step is Attention. In Attention one must pay attention to the behavior that is being modeled in order to learn. The second step is Retention...
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...Foundations of Human Development in the Social Environment Introduction Human development is based on biological development, psychological development, and social development, these three aspects of human development interact with each other, because it helps to create an individual’s identity and personality. Our development defines who we are, our interactions and how we view the environment around us. To understand bio-psycho-social dimensions of human development, having culture competency, and comprehending the general systems theory and how these theory systems works are crucial parts of being an effective human service professional Bio-Psycho-Social Dimensions of Human Development Various aspects of human development are combined together to make-up an individual’s growth and development. Human development contains three dimensions which are, biological development, psychological development, . Each theory differs in terms of the weight or importance it assigns to these biological, psychological, or social factors. Nonetheless, they each acknowledge there is an important inter-relationship between nature biology and temperament and nurture the social environment and life experience in the formation of personality experiences in the formation of personality. These aspects of human development or behavior can be developed by an individual’s culture, family, and community. During an individual’s life span, the foundation of human development begins to change, which...
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...Critical Review of Family Violence Theories Jane A. Rodriguez # 660084749 SWK 450 Inside Family Violence Professor Dale Shank L.M.S.W October 1, 2012 Abstract The theories that I have chosen for my paper are: race, class, and gender theory, and social learning theory. The race, class and gender theory is based on statistics on race such as the example that the book gives about African American men dying prematurely than their white counter parts (Hattery and Smith 2007). The fact is that there are more blue collar workers who are African American, and involved in physical labor. There is also more poverty, and lack of health care which can lead to more stress with the African American population. My paper will discuss the pros and cons of this theory. The second theory the Social Learning theory is a perspective that states that people learn within a social context. It is facilitated through concepts such as modeling and observational learning. Critical Review of Family Violence Theories In her now classic Black Feminist Thought (2000), Patricia Hill Collins put forth a comprehensive approach for understanding the intersections of race with gender, sexuality, and class in the lives of black women and men. Hill Collins explained that “oppression cannot be reduced to fundamental type, and that oppressions work together in producing injustice” (2000:18). In using this intersectional framework, she critiqued previous scholarship in which on dimension of inequality...
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...Framework Social Learning Theory Developed by Albert Bandura in 1965 and 1977, Social Learning Theory emphasized on the importance of rewards and punishments. This theory identified that children can learn new behaviours in one or two ways: by direct experience through trial and error or by observing and imitating others in their social environment. Bandura (1994) stated that observational learning eventually is more efficient than trying to discover everything on your own. Children can and do learn from other people in their environment, including parents, siblings, peers, and teachers. Children can also learn from characters and people that appeared in the mass media (Sparks, 2002) Bandura’s studies helped researchers to understand a number of things about television violence, animated programs and children. First, viewing television violence and animated programs could cause children to behave more aggressively, particularly if the violent characters were attractive and received rewards for their actions. Second, in many of these studies, the effects emerged most strongly for boys not girls. The researchers thought that perhaps this aggressive tendency resulted in boys being more sensitive to the impact of media violence. In the 1980s, Bandura (1986) reformulated his theory for the reason that it had been criticised as too behaviouristic, which was focusing mostly on the reinforcements and how people act. The newer perspective, which was called Social Cognitive Theory...
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...psychologist out there who have their theories when it comes to learning and cognition. Each one has their own thoughts and sometimes they build off one another. One of the well-known people out there is Albert Bandura. One of the theories that he is well known for is Observational Learning Theory. He also has a modeling process that address how people can learn. His theory also takes a role in today’s world and how television, radio and media plays a role in our learning in everyday life. Albert Bandura’s theory was about social learning. “Social cognitive theory states that people learn from role models who behavior they wish to emulate” (Smith, 2002). So, this basically states that people learn from the people they can identify with more. Young children really pick this up when they watch their parents or adults that are in their environments. Often, children will act this out in other environments as well. One of this studies proved that this worked well. One of Bandura’s well known study is the Bobo Study. To sum this study up they put some kids in a spot where they watched adults strike and kick the Bobo dolls around. Later on the children who saw this acted out the same violent actions. This showed that 88% of the kids followed these behaviors, as well 40% of children did this after eight months of watching this behavior. This directs us to Observational learning. There are three basic concepts to this observational learning. The three main points would be Live Model, Verbal Instructional...
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...Albert Bandura had a theory of learning called the Social Learning Theory. The Social Learning Theory is a theory in which people learn through observing other people and their actions and reactions. (Woolfolk). Psychology cannot tell people how they ought to live their lives,. It can however, provide them with the means for effecting personal and social change.” (Bandura)"Learning would be exceedingly laborious, not to mention hazardous, if people had to rely solely on the effects of their own actions to inform them what to do.” (Cherry) Bandura performed an experiment with a doll. This famous Bobo doll experiment was observations by children of adults being aggressive with a doll. In turn, the children were observed being aggressive with the doll also. Bandura’s Social Learning Theory identifies three basic models of observational learning. The first model is a live model which is a person performing an observable behavior. A second model is a verbal model which is behaviors described and explained by a person. The third model is a symbolic model which shows humans or fake beings performing certain behaviors in T.V programs, movies, books or online. (Cherry). Observational learning is not always an effective observation due to the many people involved. This theory involves both the model and the learner (Cherry). The Social Learning Theory has four components: paying attention, retaining information or impressions, producing behaviors, and being motivated to...
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...Running Head: EMPATHY AND SOCIAL LEARNING Developing Empathy: Nurturing Through Social Learning Abstract This paper explores the Social Learning Theory and how prosocial behavior, specifically empathy, is cultured through observation, modeling and imitation. Empathy is defined through a review of Bandura’s Bobo Doll experiment, Jeremy Sloan’s article on developing empathy and the impact it has on animals in our world, and an assessment of empathy in future criminal justice professionals. All provide evidence and data to support the finding that adults have lasting influence on children and how ones behavior is formed. Empathy is a vital trait and it’s a primary requisite for successfully managing daily experiences. Key words: Empathy, Modeling, Social Learning, and Development Introduction The development of empathy allows us the innate ability to relate to another’s experiences, motives and feelings. It is the foundation of compassion and caring, and is monumental in many of life’s challenges and successes. It is what allows us to learn from others and become responsible, caring adults. Many significant professions require empathy: medical care, fire rescue, education, criminal justice, and most importantly parenting. Tragic events such as slavery and the Holocaust illuminate the significance of empathy, it’s part in humankind’s wellbeing, and how requisite it is to encourage healthy development of the trait (Sajo, 2011). It is therefore of utmost...
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...Learning Personality Theories Learning Team C PSY/405 Theories of Personality January 23, 2012 Professor XXXXX Learning Personality Theories Personalities develop and learn from observing others, society, experiences, and the environment. Different theories have been created to explain how a person learns and develops. Three learning personality theories discussed here are the behavioral analysis theory, the social cognitive theory, and the cognitive social learning theory. The strengths and limitations of the three theories will be analyzed that will provide small, but noticeable edges on the other. A description of how each theory affects personality will be discussed. In closing, an explanation of how each learning theory proposes interpersonal relationships are influenced will be examined. Strengths and Limitations Behavioral Analysis Theory An advantage of the behavioral analysis theory is that it is based on observable evidence. This theory contains important concepts such as reinforcement, used as effective therapies to treat undesirable behaviors. Although proven to be an effective therapeutic theory it has many weaknesses. It does not account for learning that does not involve negative or positive reinforcement, nor does it explain adaptive behavior. Proponents of this theory also argue that this approach is too deterministic and cannot be accurate, as it does not account for free will or emotion (Feist & Feist, 2009). Social Cognitive Theory Much...
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...Theoretical and Conceptual This study is anchored on Albert Bandura’s Social Learning theory. This theory states that learning is a cognitive process that takes place in a social context and can occur purely through observation or direct instruction (Bandura, 1963). Social learning theory holds that behavior is molded by rewards and punishment, or reinforcement. Past and present rewards and punishments for certain actions determine the actions that individuals continue to pursue. Reward and punishment structures are built into specific groups (Akers, 1992). By interacting with members of certain groups or social circles, people learn definitions of behaviors as good or bad. It is in the group setting, differentially for different groups, where reward and punishment take place, and where individuals are exposed to behavioral models and normative definitions of certain behaviors as good or bad . Social learning theory proposes that the use and abuse of psychoactive substances is caused by the differential exposure to groups in which use is rewarded. “These groups provide the social environments in which exposure to definitions, imitations of models, and social reinforcements for use of or abstinence from any particular substance takes place. The definitions are learned through imitation and social reinforcement of them by members of the group with whom one is associated” (Akers et al, 1979). Drug use, including abuse, is determined “by the extent to which a given pattern of behavior...
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...advantages and disadvantages of just-in-time learning. Evaluate whether or not this is a valid and worthwhile investment to help increase the productivity within an organization. Describe your personal experience(s) with just-in-time learning. After reviewing Head First Labs I realized many advantages to Just-in-time learning. One advantage especially in the changing workplace today is the information is learned and retained, as you need it. The learned material is applied to real live situations and not just taught in a classroom setting. The individual is getting to learn as well as apply the information they learned. Continuous or life long learning is becoming the mantra of the knowledge age worker (O’Driscoll, 1999; Rose & Nicholl, 1997). In todays workplace employers are changing the responsibilities of their employees because of the technological advances. Individuals can no longer rely on a degree they earned several years ago or a training class they attended last month. Instead, individuals are increasingly expected to assume responsibility for their own learning. Just in time learning is also beneficial because it calls for redundancy, and provides the controversial learning style that is necessary in order to retain the information and preform at a high level. I believe just in time learning increases productivity because innovation in learning drives workforce productivity. With continuous on the job learning individuals are able to learn more effectively...
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...is an immediate environment where management is applied in order for students to acquire formal knowledge. It is made up of the teacher, students, learning devices, and the learning environment. Management, on the other hand, can be seen as a process of designing and maintaining any setting in which people work in groups for the purpose of achieving common goals. The Oxford Dictionary defines management as the act of running or controlling or skill of dealing with people or situations in any way. Loomiz (1980) defined management as a method where a group of people at the highest level of organization plan, organize, communicate, coordinate, control and direct the actions and activities of people who work for the organization toward the achievement of organizational objectives. In the school setting, in order to achieve its aims, a school has to have objectives, and to achieve these objectives, the various people with responsibilities in the school, especially in the classroom have to plan organize and lead. Classroom management is the term used by teachers to describe the process of ensuring that the classroom lessons runs smoothly despite disruptive behavior of the students. Many authors have their own definitions of classroom management and most of them agreed that it is a process of maintaining and establishing effective learning environment. Classroom management strategies changes through times....
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