...hypodermic syringe model of the relationship between the mass media and the audience. (18 marks) There are a variety of sociological theories and evidence that suggests that the hypodermic syringe model has a relationship between the mass media and the audience however there also some flaws to these ideas. The hypodermic syringe model assumes ideas/ideologies transmitted in mass media products are automatically ‘injected’ into the minds of the audience for example a newspaper telling its readers who to vote for. The audience is seen as passive recipients. The hypodermic syringe model shows that we are a passive homogenous audience. The hypodermic Syringe Model (HSM) is an early theory model, which believes that there is a direct correlation between the violence and anti-social behavior portrayed in different media types (e.g. Television, computer games and films). Sociologists found that the most venerable audience to the HSM is children and teenagers. This is because they are still in the early stages of socialization so are therefore very impressionable. A prime example to support this theory is the case of Jamie Bugler. Jamie was a 2 year old boy that was abducted and murdered by two 10 year old boys. The boys had apparently watched 'Childs Play 3' before they murdered the toddler, and as the murder was very similar to the death in the film newspapers such as 'The Sun' created a debate to whether such violence in the media should be accepted. However, when the case was carried out...
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...Administrative Ethics HCS335 April 29, 2012 Administrative Ethics In the modern age of society, social networking has a strong influence on everyday life for many individuals. When social networking interferes with the health care industry, multiple problems may arise. Violating personal health information may occur with the slip of a key. Medical advice may be given with consequences. Social networks can be helpful, but may also be damaging. Having a policy within a facility will assist in reducing the risk of a privacy violation. A social network site is an online community for individuals to meet and share information along with discussing common interests. The issue arises from a health care professional violating patient privacy and other HIPAA laws within the social networking sites. Leaking patient information through these sites can be damaging to the patient and the physician at the same time. Social media sites tend to be relaxed and not always handled in a professional manor. This can lead to personal health information leaking through the sites. Although the leaks may not be intentional, they are still a violation of privacy laws protecting the patient. As a society, personal information that could possibly be damaging to a person is both personal and potential gossip. Not all leaks of personal health information are gossip, and damaging, but it could be for any person. The damage will reflect the person being spoken about and the medical facility...
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...wrongs don’t make a right” helps encapsulate the root of the problems that continue to persist between the two religions. This prolonged hatred is the result from centuries of conflict between religious descendants. In the modern world, social media is increasingly influencing both Christianity and the Islam faith through raising awareness and presenting biased opinions. As Christianity and the Islamic state globally become more aware of each other, the differences in each religion have become an expansion of animosity against the opposing faith. A popular view from both faiths of Islam and Christianity involve a defensive and aggressive stance towards the opposing religion. Islamic followers in many aspects of belief disagree with and reject Christian views. This is created by feedback loop that has influenced many Muslims on different levels towards having a hateful mindset. Largely due to media created opinions, Islamic followers are lead to believe the worst about Christianity. This is only compounded by a conflictual history between the two religions and many people’s unwillingness to forgive. Not unlike the Islam view on Christianity, there are many views of Islam that are popular to shun and reject as a Christian. The media and other social feedback loops have also influenced many...
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...housing estates. ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- SCP does not rely on intervening in children’s socialisation to prevent them becoming criminals later, or on the threat of punishments to deter current criminals. Instead, it makes specific changes aimed at influencing the decision or ability of offenders to commit particular crimes in particular situations. Like rational choice theory, SCP sees criminals as acting rationally. By making certain crimes less rewarding, more risky or needing greater effort, SCP makes criminals less likely to choose to commit them. 02 Using material from Item A and elsewhere, assess the usefulness of conflict theories for an understanding of crime and deviance in contemporary society. (21 marks) Jan 2010 Read Item A below and answer the question that follows. 02 Using material from Item A and elsewhere, assess the view that ethnic differences in crime rates are the result of the ways in which the criminal justice system operates. (21 marks) June 2010 Read Item A below and answer the question that follows. 02 Using material from Item A and elsewhere, assess sociological views of the relationship between crime and the mass media....
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...Today most people would tell you that the stocks, pillory and other tools of public punishment are barbaric. We’ve moved passed them, having figured out more humane ways to deal with crime. Why, then, the resurgence of public shaming, namely the mainstream acceptance of the “dox,” which, in its purest form, is the digging up of a target’s personal information—name, phone number, address, Social Security number, familial relationships, financial history—and exposing it online to encourage harassment from others? This practice has gradually been popularized by Anonymous, the amorphous collective of trolls and “hacktivists” that alternately terrorize tween girls and disable government websites. In 2012, this practice was broadly adopted by media outlets. In October, Gawker unmasked a creep, notorious for facilitating the sharing sexualized images of women (underage and otherwise) taken without their consent. Gawker declared him “the biggest troll on the web.” Its sister blog Jezebelcalled for the naming of names of such creeps, and later exposed a bunch of teenage Twitter users making racist remarks about Obama, going so far as to personally alert the administrators of their schools by phone. This trend runs silly, as well—Buzzfeed ridiculed spoiled teens whining about their Christmas presents, while every media outlet covered Nice Guys of OK Cupid, a blog that ridicules clueless misogyny by sharing photos of hapless bros with regrettable stances on gender politics. Prepare...
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...Clean India Clean India - Swachch Bharath The father of the nation, Mahatma Gandhi had said that, “Sanitation is more important than Independence” during his time before the independence of India. He was well aware of the bad and unclean situation of the India. He had emphasised the people of India a lot about the cleanliness and sanitation as well as its implementation in the daily lives. However, it was not so effective and failed because of the incomplete participation of people. After many years of independence of India, a most effective campaign of cleanliness is launched to call people for their active participation and complete the mission of cleanliness. The President of India, Pranab Mukherjee has said in June 2014 while addressing the Parliament that, “For ensuring hygiene, waste management and sanitation across the nation a Swachh Bharat Mission will be launched. This will be our tribute to Mahatma Gandhi on his 150th birth anniversary to be celebrated in the year 2019”. In order to fulfil the vision of Mahatma Gandhi and make India an ideal country all over the world, the Prime Minister of India has initiated a campaign called Swachh Bharat Abhiyan on the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi (2nd of October 2014). This campaign has the target of completion of mission till 2019 means 150th birthday anniversary of the Mahatma Gandhi. Through this campaign the government of India would solve the sanitation problems by enhancing the waste management techniques. Clean India...
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...Functionalism, strain and Subcultural theories Durkheim’s functionalist theory Functionalism – society based on value consensus. Members of society sharing common culture. In order to achieve this, two things needed: - Socialisation – helps ensure individuals share the same norms and values. Shows the way to act. - Social control – rewards for conformity and punishment for deviance. Controls behaviour. Inevitability of crime – functionalists see crime as inevitable and universal. Every society has crime. Two reasons why crime and deviance are in all societies: - No everyone is equally socialized into norms and values. Some are likely to be deviant. - Diversity of lifestyle and values. Different groups have their own subcultures with distinctive norms and values. Some may see deviant acts as normal. > Durkheim says in modern societies there is tendency towards anomie. The rules for behaviour become weaker and less clear-cut. This is because modern societies have a complex division of labour meaning individuals become more different from each other. Crime is more likely. Positive functions of crime – it also performs two positive functions Boundary maintenance - produces a reaction from society, uniting members in disapproval of criminals and reinforcing their commitment to shared norms and values. Adaptation and change – all change starts with an act of deviance. There must be scope to challenge existing norms and values and this will seem deviant in the...
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...Discipline Christopher Ziebell ACCT530 Week 4 1/29/15 Discipline to me is a type of training in order to teach someone to follow the rules. I think it applies to all of us when it comes to the professional world. When someone gets hired at new company there is always some sort of discipline in the beginning. If someone has experience in the work that they are hired to do doesn’t mean that they don’t still need training on how the company operates. I have a perfect example of this when I switched from one CPA firm to another. I know how to prepare various tax returns, but I still required discipline in how the back-up documentation was sorted and reported. The first CPA firm I worked for relied heavily on paper files. We would have a lead sheet with various hard copies of client records to back up the lead sheets numbers on the tax return itself. Then when I started working out the new CPA firm they were at the level working with various clients in a paperless environment. All records brought in by clients were scanned into our servers and then given back to the client. They required that I have PDF files for all numbers that I used in tax return. Not just that but on a line by line basis per tax form used. The point I am trying to make is that I still needed discipline even though I was previously trained in tax accounting. Not just that you might have to adapt your discipline depending on the type of changes the company goes through with new technology advancements...
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...promoted by online networks and how people have figured out a way to deal with crimes but not with social media. Stryker introduced the essay’s subject matter through social media examples, while reflecting on past experiences and stating important details that reinforce the subject of public shaming as well as “dox” and discusses this term throughout the essay. Stryker helps define the term “dox” by listing the common traits and information “doxxers” try to gather, which include—name, phone number, address, social security and financial history. To provide backing for this claim, Stryker cites a well-known company who is an expert in this subject. He then suggests that these shared characteristics by “doxxers” may in return create an opportunity to help catch these criminals and offering a safer place for people to live, which is shown through many examples to support his thoughts. After defining “doxxers” characteristics, Stryker reveals the problem at hand: the practice that has been popularized — by anonymous trolls and “hacktivists” — collectively terrorizing teenage girls and disabled government websites (Stryker 587). Stryker explains how the First Amendment protects all kind of speech and because of that people have found a new way to speak out without getting in trouble for it, social media. Stryker uses a quote to show how hard it is to catch someone over social media stating, “It’s difficult to encourage shame if they can easily disappear into other crowds or escape...
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...BRIAN WENDO Society and Crime Introduction Crime has no ontological reality; it is a ‘myth’ of everyday life. The defiency of any fundamental quality of which to conclusively define an event as crime is shown by the variety of crimes ; robbery, credit card fraud, drug peddling, rape, insider trading, prostitution, bigamy and attempted suicide to name but a few. They should entail punishment in the ideal situation. These situations can and do take place in extremely dissimilar conditions and for conflicting reasons. This stochastic variable makes it hard for the criminal justice system to be foul proof and have a “recognized measuring standard” of crime to a level that incorporates the total outlook of various social groups (Digital Films, 2012). Any action against the word of God, the laws of a country or one intended to cause harm and hardship to an individual or a society is defined as crime (Danny Dorling et al, 2005). ANALYSIS Two parameters determined the public’s perception of crime in most cases; the most reported crimes in the mainstream media and the most likely crimes they encounter in their daily lives. The majority of the interviewees are more inclined to see a criminal in the terms of a “gun – toting street criminal” not as an “immaculately dressed wall street banker”. Time and lack of information insulates the public when it comes to white collar, corporate and state sponsored crimes, which are more sophisticated and have much wider impact...
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...The Study of Crime By Juan Andres Alvarez Crime & Society Instructor: Sara Rogers September 19, 2011 The Study of Crime: Throughout recorded history there have been numerous theories that explain why criminal behavior exists. One of those theories is The Classical Theory of Criminology, it states that the combination of free will, hedonistic decision making and the failure of the social contact in producing criminal behavior. I tend to agree that it all come done to free-will and the desire to commit such acts. In order to comprehend the study of crime we must first learn to prevent crime. There are many crime prevention programs that have work others have not. Unlike these theories many of these programs have not yet been evaluated or hold enough creditable scientific evidence to draw positive conclusions. Enough evidence is available, however, to create provisional lists of what might work; what hasn’t, and what’s potential to work in the foreseeable future. In order to formulate a possible list of programs in our neighborhoods we must continue to study of crime and its many possibilities; and to purse and punish those criminals that break the law and bring them to justice. We as society should focus on not just what type of crimes are been committed or to what rate they are been committed but we should focus our attention on the aspect of crime that has not been studied before the learning to find peace amongst ourselves. Before we can learn to find...
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...has become an even bigger issue because of all of the social media platforms and instant messaging sites, but is social media the only thing to blame or could schools be taking bigger steps to prevent bullying? Also how will cyberbullying affect students for the rest of their lives? Does is leave a long lasting result? Teachers, principals, and parents are responsible for monitoring students devices as well as preventing and stopping cyberbullying even if it means suspending a student as a punishment for what damage they have cause another student. First, how do you think cyberbullying affects people in the long run? A group of...
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...organizational culture and its importance to leaders. Organizational culture is defined as the values and behaviors that contribute to the unique social and psychological environment of an organization (Northouse, 2013). This can include the philosophy, experiences, expectations, and values that keep a company held together. This is based on the shared attitudes, beliefs, customs, and formal/informal rules that exist in the firm’s corporate culture (Northouse, 2013). This can be shown in how a company conducts its business, how it treats its employees, and how it treats its customers. These factors greatly affect how productive and efficient an organization is and how it is viewed by the employees. This helps leaders to have a better understanding of how and why employees behave in accordance with the culture and towards objectives assigned by management. Every firm or organization has a different and unique culture that is ever changing. It is important for leaders to identify the culture so that they can help to mold and form it to the most productive culture possible. Define the role an “adaptive” (transformational) vs. “strong” (transactional) culture performs in transforming an organization. Transactional leadership is defined as the influence of a leader towards his subordinates using rewards and punishment as a motivation mechanism (Northouse, 2013). This is based on the idea that a leader must give or take something from subordinates in order to get them...
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...Name Tutor Course Date Federal Death Penalty Law Death penalty is advocated for by the state legislature or congress in cases of murder and certain capital crimes. A ruling from the Supreme Court rules that the death penalty does not violate the Eighth Amendment’s ban regarding unusual and cruel punishment. However, the Eighth Amendment shapes the procedures to be employed by the jury regarding the use of the death penalty. According to the U.S. Supreme Court’s law, a penalty given to the defendant should be proportional to the kind of crime committed. Contrary to this, the punishment will have violated the Eighth Amendment, which is against unusual and cruel punishment (U.S. Department of Justice 3). The Supreme Court has to consider a number of factors in determining whether a death penalty is the appropriate penalty in the case. First, the court has to consider the gravity and severity of the penalty. Second, the court has to consider the jurisdiction under which other criminals are punished. Finally, the court has to consider the jurisdiction under which the same crime cases are punished. The defendant is granted a death sentence penalty in certain circumstances. First, in the event that he/she is charged guilty of a crime committed and capital sentence is the only legal authorized sanction. Second, if the defendant is found guilty of intentionally killing the victim. Finally, if the case presents several aggravating factors that feature in the statutory list...
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...the intent of explaining and understanding criminal behavior. These schools of theory include sociological, biological, psychobiological, psychological, classical, social process, emergent, and conflict. There are a variety of factors which play a role in determining what is considered criminal activity. Several factors within social, political, and economic inequities have had a roll in creating conflict within society which has led to criminal activities. As a part of the human development process, failed self-direction, an absence of “normal” opportunities, association with defective individuals, inadequate social roles as well as social organization and disorganization are a variety of factors which have led to individuals engaging in what is considered criminal activities. Some theorists say that criminal behavior derives from psychobiological factors such as hormones and human DNA; while others point to inappropriate behavioral conditioning as a contributing factor to criminal activity. During the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries a classical school of crime causation dominated criminology. Prior to classical theories, superstitious beliefs and mysticism explained the reasoning for deviance. The classical school recognized rationality and the ability to exercise informed choice in human social life. In other words, people make choices and most human behaviors are a result of free will. The majority of the classical theories on crime causation share basic...
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