...Analyzing Human Behavior from a Social Psychological Perspective Social psychology is the study of human behavior in the social situations. There are many different topics that are studied by social psychologists. They can include different behaviors such as attitudes, aggression, prejudice, pro-social behavior and self-identity. The goal of social psychology is to study the behavior of individuals to learn more about how people form impressions of others, interpret the behavior of others and behave in social situations. Social psychology also looks at a range of social topics. Leadership, group behavior, social perception, nonverbal behavior, aggression and prejudice are to name a few. Social psychology is not just about looking at social influences. Social perception and social interaction are vital to understanding social behavior. Social Psychology began to become more to the forefront after World War II. Other events just after like the Holocaust for example, caused Psychologists to start to ask themselves the effects of society on human behavior, according to an article by, Kendra Cherry titled, “What is Psychology?” (Cherry, 2012) The term social psychology was first used in the 1860’s. In 1908 the first textbooks on the subject were published. Floyd Allport in 1924 wrote a modern textbook and was regarded as the rebirth of social psychology. Kurt Lewin was called the father of social psychology. He was one of the first researchers to study organizational development...
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...Cambridge TECHNICALS OCR LEVEL 3 CAMBRIDGE TECHNICAL CERTIFICATE/DIPLOMA IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES FOR HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE A/601/2404 LEVEL 3 UNIT 7 GUIDED LEARNING HOURS: 30 UNIT CREDIT VALUE: 5 PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES FOR HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE A/601/2404 LEVEL 3 UNIT 7 AIM OF THE UNIT Psychology is the study of the human mind and behaviour. This unit aims to explain the reasons people do the things they do when it comes to health and wellbeing. The mind and the body are interlinked, e.g. stress caused by daily hassles or lifestyle can have a detrimental effect on the body’s immune system and can lead to serious illness. Psychologists have given us many ways to explain human behaviour and this unit is designed to enable learners to apply what they have learnt to their own practice; from helping people overcome emotional problems to dealing with challenging behaviours. The knowledge and understanding gained throughout the unit will benefit all those who work with others, be it people who use services, their friends and family, and other professionals. A wide range of perspectives is covered which can then be applied to many different health and social care settings. The behaviourists and social learning theorists can help to explain how health related behaviours are learnt as well as ways to teach new behaviours to people who use services. The humanists, on the other hand, provide us with a set of guidelines for working with...
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...University of Phoenix Material Psychological Disorders Etiology of Psychological Disorders Describe the following perspectives on the etiology of psychological disorders: Perspective Description of Perspective Biological Perspective The Biological Perspective seeks to determine the psychological aspects of human behavior looking at evidence from genetic and neurological studies as well as studies of the immune system. Learning Perspective Learning Perspective explores how we learn from all of our experiences. This perspective often studied the differences between the methods of learning, like observational and latent, and how everyone has different styles of learning. Cognitive Factors Cognitive Perspective focuses on mental faculties such as thinking, memory, problem solving and use of language and other forms of communication. This perspective also explores the causes of many mental illnesses as they affect these specific mental capabilities. Diathesis-Stress Model A psychological theory that attempts to explain behavior as a predispositional vulnerability together with stress from life experiences. Personality Factors personality trait is a characteristic or quality that distinguishes one person as distinctive. Five major personality traits are openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Social-Cognitive Perspective Sociocultural Perspective explores social norms and customs. Group behavior, social relationships and the concept of...
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...University of Phoenix Material Psychological Disorders Etiology of Psychological Disorders Describe the following perspectives on the etiology of psychological disorders: |Perspective |Description of Perspective | |Biological Perspective |Biological perspective is a way of looking at psychological topcis by studying the physical | | |basis for animal and human behavior. It is one of the major perspectives in psychology, and | | |involves such things as studying the immune sytem, nervous system, and genetics. | |Learning Perspective |The views of human development which holds the changes in behavior result from experience or | | |form adaptation to the environment. | |Cognitive Factors |Something inmaterial that contributes to producing a result. | |Diathesis-Stress Model |A psychological theory that attempts to explain behavior or illness as a result of | | |predispositional vulnerability together with stress from life experiences. | |Personality Factors ...
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...prevention and enhancement of health. It expands the biological framework of medicine to also include psychological and social factors. The scope of health psychology is very broad because many theories and methods of psychology can be applied to health-related issues. Maes & van Elderen (1998) (cited in Gross, 2009) defines health psychology as “…a sub-discipline of psychology which addresses the relationship between psychological processes and behaviour on the one hand and health and illness on the other...”. Health psychology aims to understand, explain, develop and test theories by evaluating the role of psychology and its perspectives as factors affecting illness, predicting unhealthy behaviours and understanding and evaluating the role of psychology in the experience and treatment of illness. It also aims to put theory into practice by promoting healthy behaviour, preventing illness and thereby improving the health care system and health policy. For example, from programmes developed to help people reduce risk factors to their health, such as obesity and smoking, to understanding how people respond to the onset of illness, how they deal with their illness, how they cope with pain and how they respond to treatments. Therefore, health psychology is an important discipline that has a great deal to offer to the health care system, demonstrating that psychological principals can be successful in providing positive health effects in patients than...
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...OBJECTIVES * To introduce the different perspectives on psychological disorders, and to discuss the controversy surrounding the use of diagnostic labels. * To describe the most prevalent disorders, and to examine their possible causes. * To describe the prevalence of the different psychological disorders. * To investigate how Dissociative identity occur among woman * How the family members handle the situation with DID suffer * To recommend the ways to prevent DID among woman. Perspectives on Psychological Disorders 1. Identify the criteria for judging whether behavior is psychologically disordered. There is a fine and somewhat arbitrary line between normality and abnormality. A psychological disorder is a harmful dysfunction in which behavior is judged atypical, disturbing, maladaptive, and unjustifiable. 2. Describe the medical model of psychological disorders, and discuss the bio-psycho-social perspective offered by critics of this model. The medical model assumes that psychological disorders are mental illnesses that need to be diagnosed on the basis of their symptoms and cured through therapy. Critics argue that psychological disorders may not reflect a deep internal problem but instead a growth-blocking difficulty in the person's environment, in the person's current interpretation of events, or in the person's bad habits and poor social skills. Psychologists who reject the "sickness" idea typically contend that all behavior arises from the interaction...
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...University of Phoenix Material Psychological Disorders Etiology of Psychological Disorders Describe the following perspectives on the etiology of psychological disorders: |Perspective |Description of Perspective | |Biological Perspective |This is a perspective that studies the physical basis for animal and human behavior. It involves| | |such things as studying the immune system, nervous system and genetics. | |Learning Perspective |This perspective views the human development which holds that changes in behavior result from | | |experience or from adaptation to the environment. | |Cognitive Factors |Refer to characteristics of the person that affect performance and learning. These factors serve| | |to modulate performance such that it may improve or decline. These factors involve cognitive | | |functions like attention, memory, and reasoning (Danili &Reid, 2006) | |Diathesis-Stress Model |This is a theory that attempts to explain behavior as a predispositional vulnerability together | | |with stress...
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...Hockenbury (2014), (Chapter 10 Personality ). There are four perspectives of personality they are humanistic, social cognitive, trait, and psychoanalytic. Humanistic Psychology emphasizes unique characteristics as free will and self-awareness. Fraud had a different perceptive on humanistic psychology. Fraud viewed things with a pessimistic point of view. He believed people to be motivated by unconscious sexual and destructive instincts. Humanistic psychologists saw people as being naturally good. Humanistic psychologists also had a different views from psychoanalytic theorists by their focus on the healthy personality rather than on psychologically troubled people. Social Cognitive is another perspective of personality. The social cognitive perspective is different from the psychoanalytic and humanistic perspectives in many ways. To compare social cognitive with humanistic, trait and psychoanalytic someone could say that instead of basing their view on self-analysis or ideas obtained from psychotherapy, social cognitive personality theorists base their ideas on experimental findings. Social cognitive perspective uses conscious, self-regulated behavior instead of unconscious mental influences and basic instincts. Another component in of the perceptive of personality is trait. Traits are very different from the other perspectives. To compare them someone might say that psychoanalytic, humanistic, and social cognitive theories emphasize the common ties among people. Their...
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...University of Phoenix Material David Frost Psychological Disorders Etiology of Psychological Disorders Describe the following perspectives on the etiology of psychological disorders: |Perspective |Description of Perspective | |Biological Perspective | The approach to identifying causes of behavior that focuses on the functioning of the genes, | | |the brain, the nervous system, and the endocrine system. | |Learning Perspective |A process based on experience that results in a relatively permanent change in behavior or | | |behavioral potential. | |Cognitive Factors | The perspective on psychology that stresses human thought and the processes of knowing, such as| | |attending, thinking, remembering, expecting, solving problems, fantasizing, and consciousness. | |Diathesis-Stress Model | A hypothesis about the cause of certain disorders, such as schizophrenia, that suggests that | | |genetic factors predispose an individual to a certain disorder, but that environmental stress | | ...
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...that philosophy, biology, and physiology had on the beginnings of psychology as a science. Compare the two early scientific approaches in psychology: structuralism and functionalism. Describe the focus of each of the six contemporary approaches to psychology. Describe the positive psychology movement, and discuss why this movement recently emerged in psychology. Discuss career opportunities in psychology. Profile the main areas of specialization in psychology. Say how studying habits may be optimized. Understand how to be a critical thinker. CHAPTER 1: OUTLINE Psychology is a science dedicated to the study of behavior and mental processes. In this chapter you are introduced to the history of this science, a variety of contemporary perspectives in psychology, the positive psychology movement, and an overview of psychology-related careers. At the end of the chapter, the reader learns about the most effective methods of studying and learning. There are three concepts important to the definition of psychology: science, behavior, and mental processes. Psychologists use scientific methods to observe, describe, predict, and explain behaviors and mental processes. Behaviors are actions that can be directly observed, while mental processes are experiences that cannot be observed directly, such as thoughts and feelings. The history of psychology is rooted in philosophy, biology, and physiology. Rene Descartes and Charles Darwin...
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...The textbook explains that there really isn't one wrong or right theoretical perspective, but I feel that the biopsychosocial perspective is explained best. To understand psychology and human behavior, including abnormal behavior, there needs to be a combination of three factors. The three factors are biological, psychological and sociocultural factors. The textbook also makes clear that the biopsychosocial perspective "brings a much needed interactionist focus to the study of abnormal behavior by considering the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors" (Nevid, Rathus, Greene 69) and also "holds the view that with few exceptions, psychological disorders or other patterns of abnormal behavior are complex phenomena arising...
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...Health and Social Care Level 3 Unit 8: Psychological Perspectives for Health and Social Care Assignment Workbook 2013-2014 | Unit 8: Psychological Perspectives for Health and Social Care Overview of the unit This unit highlights the different psychological perspectives and encourages learners to apply these approaches to the study of health and social care. The value of psychological studies to the understanding of health and social care will also be examined. Learners will initially consider the meaning of the term ‘theories’ in the context of psychology, and will begin to appreciate the diversity of psychological theories as they progress through the unit. Learners will examine the principal psychological perspectives and then apply them to the health and social care sectors to gain understanding of the potential value of psychology in these sectors. On completion of this unit learners will have considered the psychological approach to studying health and social care. The unit encourages reflection, and will be valuable to those learners intending to work with people in a caring capacity. Learning outcomes On completion of this unit a learner should: 1 Understand psychological perspectives 2 Understand psychological approaches to health and social care. Grading criteria for the unit: To achieve a pass grade the evidence must show that the learner is able to: P1 explain the principal psychological perspectives P2 explain...
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... What Are The Historical Perspectives In Psychology? In this Psychology 101 article, we ask what are the historical perspectives in psychology? Now, this question provokes a thesis on its own, but here we evaluate specific times of extraordinary turning points leading to where we are today. We are all psychologists in our own right. We have the innate ability to draw conclusions by watching the behaviours of others. So, where, whom and what legitimizes psychology as a science and how did we arrive there? It is through history, that we have built and drawn from our own evaluations as a species. So, what is psychology? Psychology Definition As this is a psychology 101 based article, as always, we will start by providing a ‘working definition’ of psychology as a term: ‘Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behaviour of humans and animals.’ Psychologists concentrate on what is observable and measurable in a person’s behaviour. This includes the biological processes in the body, although, the mind is central to the subject. ψ - This is the Greek letter pronounced as 'Sigh' and spelled as 'Psi'. It is now used as the International symbol of Psychology. Psychologists think it is important to be scientific in their study. This is to avoid confused thinking. What Is Psychology? We have covered the centralised theme around psychology with the above definition. But in order to understand the historical perspectives, we need to ask what is psychology...
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...philosophy, biology, and physiology had on the beginnings of psychology as a science. Compare the two early scientific approaches in psychology: structuralism and functionalism. Describe the focus of each of the six contemporary approaches to psychology. Describe the positive psychology movement, and discuss why this movement recently emerged in psychology. Discuss career opportunities in psychology. Profile the main areas of specialization in psychology. Say how studying habits may be optimized. Understand how to be a critical thinker. CHAPTER 1: OUTLINE Psychology is a science dedicated to the study of behavior and mental processes. In this chapter you are introduced to the history of this science, a variety of contemporary perspectives in psychology, the positive psychology movement, and an overview of psychology-related careers. At the end of the chapter, the reader learns about the most effective methods of studying and learning. There are three concepts important to the definition of psychology: science, behavior, and mental processes. Psychologists use scientific methods to observe, describe, predict, and explain behaviors and mental processes. Behaviors are actions that can be directly observed, while mental processes are experiences that cannot be observed directly, such as thoughts and feelings. The history of psychology is rooted in philosophy, biology, and physiology. Rene...
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...emphasized studying the purpose, or function, of behavior and mental experiences William James & students- G. Stanley Hall- received first ph.d in psych. Established first psych lab in the US. Founded the American Psychological Association Mary Whiton Calkins- first woman president of the APA Margaret Floy Washburn- first American woman to earn ph.d in psych. Second woman president of APA Francis C. Sumner- first African American to earn phd in psych. Created psych program that led in training African Americans. Sigmund Freud- developed psychoanalysis; Personality theory & form of psychotherapy that emphasizes the role of unconscious factors in personality and behavior John B. Watson- developed behaviorism; study of observable behaviors Carl Rogers- developed humanistic psychology; emphasizes each person’s unique potential for psychological growth and self-direction Contemporary Psych Biological perspective- studies psychical bases of human and animal behaviors neuroscience- study of the nervous system Psychodynamic perspective- emphasive unconscious influences, early life experiences, and interpersonal relationships Behavioral perspective- focuses on observable behavior and how its acquired or modified by environmental causes Humanistic perspective- focuses on the motivation of people to grow psychologically, interpersonal relationships on a persons self-concept, & importance of choice in...
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