...The Self Paper Jamila Gilliam Psych 555 December 9, 2012 Dr. Jay Greiner The Self This paper is about self-concept and how it is developed. Self-concept is important to the field of psychology because it explains one’s attitude and how they view themselves. This paper will define self-concept, the relationship between the self and emotion and the effect on individual self-esteem. Lastly, the author will explain the relationship between self and behavior and the effect on individual self-presentation. Define the concept of the self. Explain how an individual develops a self-concept. Explain the relationship between the self and emotion and how this relationship affects an individual’s self-esteem. Explain the relationship between the self and behavior and how this relationship affects an individual’s self-presentation. According to Fiske (2010) social psychology is about the influence people have on one another. Social psychology is also the scientific explanation of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the presence of other human beings. The presence can be actual, imagined, or implied (Fiske 2010). Social influence plays a big role in society and the decisions that individuals make. There are four key characteristics of social psychology and they are broad scope, cultural mandate, scientific methods, and search for wisdom. Broad scope is exactly as it sounds. It explains that social psychology consists of many aspects of human behavior...
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...Mundare, Alberta, Canada) is a psychologist who is the David Starr Jordan Professor Emeritus of Social Science in Psychology at Stanford University. For almost six decades, he has been responsible for contributions to many fields of psychology, including social cognitive theory, therapy and personality psychology, and was also influential in the transition between behaviorism and cognitive psychology. He is known as the originator of social learning theory and the theory of self-efficacy, and is also responsible for the influential 1961 Bobo doll experiment. A 2002 survey ranked Bandura as the fourth most-frequently cited psychologist of all time, behind B. F. Skinner, Sigmund Freud, and Jean Piaget, and as the most cited living one.[1] Bandura is widely described as the greatest living psychologist,[2][3][4][5] and as one of the most influential psychologists of all time.[6][7] In 1974 Bandura was elected to be the Eighty-Second President of the American Psychological Association (APA). He was one of the youngest president-elects in the history of the APA at the age of 46. Bandura served as a member of the APA Board of Scientific Affairs from 1968 to 1970 and is well known as a member of the editiorial board of nine psychology journals including the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology from 1963 to 1972.[8] At the age of 82, Bandura was awarded the Grawemeyer Award for psychology and is known as one of the most influential psychologists of the 20th century. [9] Contents [hide] ...
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...Social Psychology April Owens Social Psychology/ PSY 400 Lauren Davis February 13th 2012 Social Psychology People are social beings. From the moment we are born, we are raised to socialize with an incredible amount of people. These people influence our day-to-day lives just as much as we affect the lives of others. Social psychology searches to understand these interactions. What complicates these interactions is that they do not even need to be real, as long as they are perceived interactions. The idea is that people are a combination of their own personality plus the people they interact with on a regular basis. Social psychology treats the social aspects of mental life. It tries to understand the link between the mind, group situations, and the responses a person has as a result (WordIQ, 2010). By looking at how an individual reacts to a certain group (large or small) and how the group reacts to the individual, it is possible to find out how each portion can influence the other. There appear to be three general topics that are studied in social psychology. These topics are socialization (gender, life development, intelligence), communication (persuasion, self presentation, language, and rules), and social perception (identity, attitude, and attribution; WorkIQ.com, 2010). By focusing on these topics, we are able to get the full idea of how individuals and groups influence each other. One thing to look at is if social groups influence the...
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...Social Psychology As people we often wonder about our mage when we are out in society among other. People often want to be sure that when they are around certain group of people that they are accepted for who they are. Even though people may not notice at times, but others influence the way they feel, thing, and behave. As people we would put actual, implied and imaginary people in a situation and behave differently depending on each different situation. Situationism is the reaction people will give when put in a situation. This paper will outline the different characteristics of social psychology, four key characteristics of social psychology, situationism, and five core social motives of social psychology. Defining Social Psychology Social psychology is trying to find was to see how people thoughts, feelings, and behavior can be influenced by other human beings (Fiske, 2010). When studying about the social influence on a person, we are doing social psychology. It is the way a person behaves differently depending on who they are surrounded by. For example, people tend to behave differently when they are around their family than their friends. Certain things that a person will do while hanging out with their friend, such as speaking a certain way they will not do that while they are around their family. Many times a person is doing what the other people around them are doing. Social psychology can be looked at as the study of the influence society has on a person...
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...Social Psychology Dawn S. Peck PSY 400 12/22/2014 David Brueshoff Social Psychology What is Social Psychology all about? Why is the study of it so important? Is there truly a purpose and benefit from the findings of the studies? Let’s look at each of these questions, break them down, and try to make sense of it all. Simply defined, Social Psychology is the scientific study of individual attitude and how it effects or influences others in a social context. It is helpful to understand the why, what, or could be, behind a behavior or reaction. Those that research this field, can provide credible insight to assist with understanding and ultimately contribute to the success of peace-keeping within society. There are many meanings behind Social Psychology, and it should be noted this branch of psychology is unique from other disciplines in the same field. Social Psychology Basics To be considered a “scientific study” there must be a theory, followed by a hypothesis and tested to support or reject the original theory. Methods of research include public surveys where both targeted and random speculation occurs. Work can be done in a laboratory with a controlled subject or in the field where everyday life happens. Social Psychology researchers pay particular attention not only to the cause and effect of behavior but they look deeper into the relationship we have with ourselves in effort to explain the overall difference of opinion and responses amongst...
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...Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 2012, Vol. 10, No, 1, 10-16 Emotional Behaviour and Academic Achievement in Middle School Children Nazar Hussain Soomro and Jane Clarbour Department of Psychology, University of York, USA The present study investigates the relationship between emotional behaviour and academic achievement in middle school children in Hyderabad, Pakistan. One hundred and forty-six students of grade 8 completed the Emotional Behavioural Scale for Pakistani Adolescents (EBS-PA; Soomro, 2010), and rendered measures of their social anxiety, malevolent aggression, and social self-esteem scores. These measures cumulatively represented emotional behaviour in these children, based upon Clarbour and Roger‟s (2004) model of emotional style, on which the EBS-PA scale is based. We then ascertained academic grades of these students from their school records and ran correlation between academic achievement (grades) and emotional behaviour measures. Results revealed academic achievement to be negatively associated with malevolent aggression, but positively related to social self-esteem. In addition, mediator analysis indicated social self-esteem to partially mediate the relationship between malevolent aggression and academic achievement. Keywords: emotional behaviour, academic achievement, adolescents, Pakistani There is robust evidence that emotional and behavioural problems are related with academic difficulties (Arnold, 1997; Hinshaw, 1992). These associations...
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...(HUL 267) PSYCHOLOGY AND CULTURE Psychological grounds of culture: Virtually culture is a coalescence of stable discrete behavioural norms and cognitions shared by individuals within some definable proportion and that are distinct from other populations. These norms are stable and last long because these are continuously transmitted to new cultural members of the group through different means. Apparently different psychological needs and their consequences led to the creation of cultural norms. There are different perspectives; one aspect is that culture emerged to serve as a psychological buffer against existential anxiety. Another approach suggests that culture arises in part from an epistemic need for verifiable knowledge, and for certainty and confidence in our perceptions of the world around us. The creation of a shared reality, a common set of beliefs, expectations and rules for interpreting the world, helps fulfill this need to validate one’s own construction of reality. A very different perspective on the origins of culture implies that cultures and the specific norms that define these cultures emerge as unintended byproducts of interpersonal interaction. The contents of these communications and interactions are constrained by psychological considerations and thus exert consequences on culture. As social influence attends any act of communication and because individuals communicate more regularly with others who are closer to them in geographic or social space, a dynamic...
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...Social Psychology Defined According to Fiske (2010), the classic definition of social psychology is, “the scientific attempt to explain how the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of other human beings” (p. 4). Social psychology is all about people influencing other people. It is all of the ways that people impact other people from trivial behavior to important behavior such as torturing innocent people, as soldiers sometimes have done (Fiske, 2010, pg. 2). In other words, social psychology is doing what others around them are doing (Fiske, 2010, pg. 2). Social Psychology is at the far end of the social sciences, which lean towards macro levels of analysis. According to Fiske (2010), Sociology looks at small groups, families, and neighborhoods, institutions, cities, to nations and psychology looks at the individual. Thus, social psychology is the study of human behavior in a social context. The Four Key Characteristics of Social Psychology The study of human behavior from a social perspective is characterized by four key elements. The four elements are broad scope, cultural, scientific methods, and the search for wisdom. Furthermore, social psychology encompasses a very broad point of view such as conformity and deviance, altruism and aggression, loving and hating, self and groups, attitudes and actions (Fiske, 2010, pg. 15). In sum, it addresses the whole human being. Therefore, social psychology...
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...Social psychology studies elements of life situations. Social psychology dives deep into how people analysis and influence one another. Social psychology is a study concerning why a person thinks about, relates to, and influences others. Social psychology consists of the study of learning how people see themselves and others. Social psychology studies people’s beliefs, attitudes, thought process, and judgment making. Social psychology influences how genetic factors and society contribute to who people become, and how he or she interacts with each other. Social psychology researches how people influence people and how he or she are influenced by others. Social psychology examines the ways people cope, such as aggression, persuasion, empathy, and compassion (Crozier, 2000). Crozier, Ivan. (2000, August). Social Psychology. Social Studies of Science, 30(4). According to Fiske (2010), “People influence people.” Social psychology offers an understanding of how people can influence the behavior of other people. Social psychology tries to offer information how the feelings, thoughts, and behaviors are changed by imagined or actual attendance of other people (Fiske, 2010). Social psychology is not only about the behavior of people, such as performing when asked. Social psychology also covers how a person may or may not be influenced by a group if the group goes against his or her best judgment (Fiske, 2010). An example of a group influencing a person to go against his or her...
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...Social Psychology Psych/555 April 8, 2013 Dr. Anthony Social Psychology Human social behavior has been studied for the last 100 years, giving social scientists insight into the influence of thought on behavior. In this endeavor, scientists have also provided theories on the human need to obtain and maintain close attachments as well as the influence of human interaction. The development of social psychology as a discipline has provided insight into the precarious nature of human behavior and social interaction. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the conceptual foundations of social psychology. Within this analysis will be the definition of social psychology, an analysis of its four key characteristics, an explanation of the concept of situationism, and identification of the five core social motives and how these concepts affect the field of social psychology. Social Psychology Social psychology can be defined as the study of how an individual’s situations influence his or her behavior, emotions, thoughts, etc., with particular focus on how individuals perceive as well as affect on another (Myers, 2008). Furthermore, social psychology primarily focuses on social relations, social influence, and social thinking. According to Myers (2008), social relations refers to certain attributes such as aggression, helping others, prejudice, and attraction and intimacy. Social influence comprises factors such as pressure to conform, biology and culture, groups of people, and...
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...(7920IBA) Critical Review of “The Norm of Self-Interest” Introduction Miller’s (2001) article “The Norm of Self-Interest” discusses that the average person is a self-interest theorist, self-interest and behavior, self-interest and accounts of behavior, self-interest predict behavior better than attitudes and Incentives having impact on charitable donations. This paper will discuss the particular norm that pertains to beliefs about the extent to which attributes and behaviors of others are dictated by self-interest. Miller (2001) argues that the theory of self-interest has causal power and how it plays a role in its own confirmation, is the core focus of this article. Critiques of Miller’s hypothesis will be from influential theories of human behavior, including evolutionary biology, behaviorism, and psychoanalytic theory (Etzioni, 1988; Kohn, 1990: Schwartz, 1986; Wallach & Wallach, 1983). Specifically, describes the evidence for a norm of self-interest, whereby people expect that others’ attitudes and behaviors will be guided by personal stake (Miller, 1999; Miller & Ratner, 1996, 1998; Ratner & Miller 2001). Miller (2001) argues that these expectations can have profound implications for charitable donations for both money and time. For e.g., when a spokesperson for a cause solicits support from others, the targets for the advocacy requests feel that it is harder to say no when the advocate indicates a personal connection to the self-interest. Further, members of a nonprofit ...
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...Calendar For SBS 338 (Social Psychology) Fridays – Ocean Hall 86B Spring 2015 Notes: This calendar is a week-by-week summary and is intended to be a general guide for both teaching and learning, hence, it is subject to modification. Assignments will be posted on a weekly basis. Students are required to refer to the iLearn cover pages for detailed instructions and links to all teaching and learning materials including all course deliverables (exams, article review and group project). Coupled with suggested learning materials students are expected to be self-directed in researching and reviewing other materials on iLearn. See also the “Readings” folder in order to access instructional readings materials for each exam. It is not recommended that students go beyond these materials. January 23 Meet. This is our first day of class. We will review the course syllabus, instructional strategies as well as all “deliverables” (exams/reviews/group presentations) and expectations (how to do well in this class and also how to be officially dropped for classroom disruption) found in Topic 0. Dr. Arias will present a lecture on the “Degrees of Degrees” and also the “It Factor” as a means of demonstrating the connectivity between one’s college education, and landing professional positions ranging from high tech corporations to non. 30 Meet. Dr. Arias will introduce and overview of social psychology by grounding theories and methods founded in social psychology to real life applications...
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...Development Review (Jamie L. Callahan, Editor) Title of the Article: The Role of Self-Reflection, Emotional Management of Feedback and Self- Regulation Processes in Self-Directed Leadership Development Author: Paul L. Nesbit No. of Pages: 18 pages SUMMARY The self- directed leadership development is conceptualized within a framework of emphasizing a self understanding phase and self-change phase that are dependent on the integrated operation of three skills concerning one’s ability to manage emotional reactions to feedback, to carry out effectively the practice of self-reflection, and to enact self regulatory processes for development. It is suggested that the accomplished operation of these skills enable more refined and effective self development efforts allowing leaders to respond to changing work environments in a continuous and productive fashion. However, once learned and incorporated into ones behavioral repertoire, the operation of self development strategies would become self guiding. Given that self-development can be considered as metaskills- skills that allow for the development of other skills. It requires developing self awareness of competency strengths and deficits as a primary focus in leaders self development. This process requires self initiated obtainment of performance feedback and self-reflective analysis of this feedback in terms of its implications for one’s self-development (Day, 2001: Moon, 2004). It’s envisioned that work experiences would...
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...competing inner drives (psychoanalytic); our aim for fulfilment (humanistic); our biological makeup determining our personality and the particular traits we are considered to have (Biological/trait perspectives), amongst many other perspectives (Myers, 2004). This paper aims to address the question of whether personality is a matter of choice, primarily through explorations from a humanistic and biological perspective with considerations of more independent thoughts on the matter and with a consideration of the social-cognitive perspective. The conclusion will consider whether there is choice involved in a persons’ personality and what the implications of this might be. A branch of psychology which made a striking move against psychoanalysis, the main theory at the time in regards to personality was the humanistic perspective (Myers, 2004). Carl Rogers, the ‘father’ of the humanistic perspective, along with Abraham Maslow, another key figure in this new branch of psychology (at the time), were making new observations in a post-war period in regards to...
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... Aamodt, M. G., & Kimbrough, W. W. (1982). Effects of group heterogeneity on quality of task solutions. Psychological Review, 50, 171-174. Abbey, D. S. (1982). Conflict in unstructured groups: An explanation from control-theory. Psychological Reports, 51, 177-178. Abele, A. E. (2003). The dynamics of masculine-agentic and feminine-communal traits: Findings from a prospective study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 768-776. Abele, A., Gendolla, G. H. E., & Petzold, P. (1998). Positive mood and in-group—out-group differentiation in a minimal group setting. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 1343-1357. Aberson, C. L., Healy, M., & Romero, V. (2000). Ingroup bias and self-esteem: A meta-analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4, 157-173. Abougendia, M., Joyce, A. S., Piper, W. E., & Ogrodniczuk, J. S. (2004). Alliance as a mediator of expectancy effects in short-term group psychotherapy. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 8, 3-12. Abraham, A. (1973a). Group tensions as measured by configurations of different self and transself aspects. Group Process, 5, 71-89. Abraham, A. (1973b). A model for exploring intra and interindividual processes in groups. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 23, 3-22. Abraham, A. (1974-1975). Processes in groups. Bulletin de Psychogie, 28, 746-758. Abraham, A., Geffroy, Y., & Ancelin-Schutzenberger, A. (1980). A method for analyzing group interaction: Development and application of...
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