...components of biodiversity * Diversity of genes Chihuahuas, beagles, and rottweilers are all dogs—but they're not the same because their genes are different * Diversity of species For example, monkeys, dragonflies, and meadow beauties are all different species. * Variety of ecosystems Prairies, Ponds, and tropical rain forests are all ecosystems. Each one is different, with its own set of species living in it. What do we get from biodiversity * Oxygen * Food * Clean Water * Medicine * Aesthetics * Ideas Threats to biodiversity * Habitat destruction * Pollution * Species Introductions * Global Climate Change * Exploitation What is Population * In sociology, population refers to a collection of human beings. Demography is a social science which entails the statistical study of human populations Definition of Population growth rate: * The average annual percent change in the population, resulting from a surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths and the balance of migrants entering and leaving a country Control - Human population control is the practice of artificially altering the rate of growth of a human population. , Popcom * was the government agency with primary responsibility for controlling population growth. What Are the Four Causes of Population Growth? 1. Enhanced Health Care, * The expansion of basic health care contributes to the fall in infant and childhood deaths, the decline...
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...What is Demography? Demography is the scientific study of human population, including its size, distribution, composition, and the factors that determine changes in its size, distribution, and composition. Objects: Dynamic VS Static Demographic Focuses 1. Size: the number of population in a given areas at a given time. 2. Distribution: population dispersion in geographic space at a given time. 3. Composition: the number of person in sex, age, and other “demographic” categories. 4. Population dynamics: birth, death, and migration. 5. Socioeconomic determinants and consequences of population change --- Population Study. Population Characteristics Population has three compositions (in terms of static): natural composition: by age and sex spatial composition: by province and by urban-rural areas social composition: by marital status, educational status, nationalities, working status, etc. Accordingly, population has three changes (in terms of dynamics): natural change: birth and death migration change: emigration and immigration social change: marriage and divorce, enrollment and drop out Population dynamics affects the population composition. Population composition can be expressed at a point of time, which was called time-point index; Population change can be expressed within duration of time, which was called period index. The Feature of Demography Demography is rarely found as an independent academic...
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...Demography is the statistical study of human populations. It can be a very general science that can be applied to any kind of dynamic living population, i.e., one that changes over time or space (see population dynamics). It encompasses the study of the size, structure, and distribution of these populations, and spatial and/or temporal changes in them in response to birth, migration, aging, and death. “Demo-” from Ancient Greek δῆμος dēmos, means “the people” and “-graphy” from γράφω graphō, means “measurement.”[1] Demographic analysis can be applied to whole societies or to groups defined by criteria such as education, nationality, religion and ethnicity. Institutionally, demography is usually considered a field of sociology, though there are a number of independent demography departments.[2] Formal demography limits its object of study to the measurement of populations processes, while the broader field of social demography population studies also analyze the relationships between economic, social, cultural and biological processes influencing a population.[3] The term demographics refers to characteristics of a population. Contents * 1 Methods * 1.1 Direct methods * 1.2 Indirect methods * 2 Common Rates and Ratios * 3 Basic equation * 4 History * 4.1 Science of population * 5 See also * 6 Notes * 7 Further reading * 8 External links Methods There are two types of data collection — direct and indirect — with several...
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...Population and environmental impact How do societies deal with growing numbers? 1. Demography: the study of population size and composition 2. Fertility: number of births in a population 3. Mortality: number of deaths in a population 4. Migration: movement of people from one area to another 5. Immigration: number of people who enter a nation-state 6. Emigration: number of people who leave a nation-state 7. Predict population numbers using RNI ( crude birth rate- crude death rate) and doubling time ( number of years it takes for a population to double) 8. Theories: a. Malthusian Theory: population will one day exceed amount of food available b. Demographic Transition Theory: societies that move from agrarian to industrial go through four stages of development, eventually controlling their fertility c. Predict food shortage, global warming, and overpopulation 9. Population control programs: nations promote births with tax breaks and other incentives to increase population ( pro-natalist), or promote birth control to keep population down ( antinatalist) 10. Crude Birth rate: number of births for every 1000 people each year 11. Age-specific birth rate: the number of births for every 1000 women in a specific age group. 12. Total fertility rate: average number of births expected from any women in a population to bear in her lifetime. 13. Zero population growth: is a TFR of two, meaning that each woman has two...
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... IV. Conclusion 6 V. Generalization 7 VI. References 7 VII. Glossary 8 *words in red font color contain definitions on the glossary VIII. Pictures and Figures 9 Our Lady of the Pillar Catholic School, Inc. F. Tirona St., Poblacion 2 - A Imus, Cavite 4103 Prepared by: Jomari Alejandro III A. Herrera 3rd Yr. St. John Orange Team S.Y. 2011-2012 Submitted to: Mr. Jeffrey V. Cabreros MAPEH Teacher I. Introduction Population refers to the whole number of people in a place or given area or any specific proportion of that given number. Population may be associated with the number of people living in an area per square kilometer or the density of the population. Demography is the field of sociology the deals with the statistical study of human populations and sub-populations. Demographers perform censuses to update statistical data on population and ratios within the field. Population plays a vital role in the performance of countries since it is one of the factors that affect the economy of a country. It affects the gross national product of the country; logically, more manpower with secured employment for each will result a greater gross income. Furthermore, population affects the country since it is the people that make up the country itself. II. Objectives 1. To understand the demographics of the Philippines. 2. To determine the factors that affect population growth. 3. To identify the advantages...
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...OVERVIEW OF VETERINARY EPIDEMIOLOGY The veterinary profession faces many challenges …… Rapid movement of disease Climate change Today’s challenges require population health approach to investigation and solving problems WHAT DOES VETERINARY EPIDEMIOLOGY HAVE TO OFFER? Veterinary Epidemiology is concerned with efforts to describe, explain, predict and prevent/control disease (& other healthrelated outcomes) in animal populations. Description Identifying cases of diseases in order to calculate the relative frequencies of the diseases within population subgroups. Explanation Identifying causal factors and modes of transmission Prediction Estimating the likely number of cases that Identifying patterns of will develop in the disease occurrence future Prevent/Control Applying epidemiological knowledge to prevent the occurrence of new cases of disease, eradicate existing cases, and prolong the lives of animals with disease Taken together, epidemiology provides the data that will improve our understanding of how diseases develop over time and the factors that relate to disease distributions. These in turn will lead to application of interventions to reduce disease impact. - What it is Epi - "upon“ demos - "the people“ logos - "study of". Veterinary Epidemiology " The frequency, patterns and the factors that influence health, disease & other healthrelated states in animal populations and its application anddisease prevention & to...
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...Population and Environment Theodore Panayotou CID Working Paper No. 54 July 2000 Environment and Development Paper No.2 Copyright 2000 Theodore Panayotou and the President and Fellows of Harvard College Working Papers Center for International Development at Harvard University Population and Environment Theodore Panayotou Abstract The past fifty years have witnessed two simultaneous and accelerating trends: an explosive growth in population and a steep increase in resource depletion and environmental degradation. These trends have fueled the debate on the link between population and environment that began 150 years earlier, when Malthus voiced his concern about the ability of the earth and its finite resources to feed an exponentially growing population. The purpose of this study is to review the literature on population and environment and to identify the main strands of thought and the assumptions that lie behind them. The author begins with a review of the historical perspective. He then reviews and assesses the evidence on the relationship between population and environment, focusing on selected natural and environmental resources: land use, water use, local pollution, deforestation and climate change. The author also reviews selected recent macro and micro perspectives. The new macro perspective introduces the environment-income relationship and examines the role of population growth and density in mediating this relationship. The new micro perspective introduces...
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...Demography of Germany Concepts, Data, and Methods G. Rohwer U. P¨tter o Version 3 October 2003 Fakult¨t f¨r Sozialwissenschaft a u Ruhr-Universit¨t Bochum, GB 1 a 44780 Bochum goetz.rohwer@ruhr-uni-bochum.de ulrich.poetter@ruhr-uni-bochum.de Preface This text is an introduction to concepts and methods of demographic description and analysis. The substantial focus is on the demographic development of Germany, all data refer to this country. The main reason for this focus on a single country is that we want to show how the tools of demography can actually be used for the analysis of demographic problems. The text consists of two parts. Part I introduces the conceptual framework and explains basic statistical notions. This part also includes a short chapter that explains how we speak of “models” and why we do not make a sharp distinction between “describing” and “modeling” demographic processes. Then follows Part II that deals with data and methods. In the present version of the text, we almost exclusively discuss mortality and fertility data; migration is only mentioned in Chapter 6 and briefly considered in the context of a Leslie model at the end of the text. In addition to providing a general introduction to concepts of demography, the text also intends to show how to practically work with demographic data. We therefore extensively document all the data used and explain the statistical calculations in detail. In fact, most of these calculations are quite simple;...
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...Population and Environment Theodore Panayotou CID Working Paper No. 54 July 2000 Environment and Development Paper No.2 Copyright 2000 Theodore Panayotou and the President and Fellows of Harvard College Working Papers Center for International Development at Harvard University Population and Environment Theodore Panayotou Abstract The past fifty years have witnessed two simultaneous and accelerating trends: an explosive growth in population and a steep increase in resource depletion and environmental degradation. These trends have fueled the debate on the link between population and environment that began 150 years earlier, when Malthus voiced his concern about the ability of the earth and its finite resources to feed an exponentially growing population. The purpose of this study is to review the literature on population and environment and to identify the main strands of thought and the assumptions that lie behind them. The author begins with a review of the historical perspective. He then reviews and assesses the evidence on the relationship between population and environment, focusing on selected natural and environmental resources: land use, water use, local pollution, deforestation and climate change. The author also reviews selected recent macro and micro perspectives. The new macro perspective introduces the environment-income relationship and examines the role of population growth and density in mediating this relationship. The new micro perspective introduces the...
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...SOC201- Introduction to Sociology The Sociological Framework and Socialization Module 1 CASE Trident University Dr. Tisey Hosley Module 1 CASE P.1 Sociology Sociology is the study of social life, social change, and social causes and consequences of human behavior. People generally are social beings more so than human being. This means simply that people need interaction with other people; it is the way that we are wired. As children we are brought up with certain types of thinking and motivation. This curves our social behaviors and makes us turn out the way that we do. Life experiences are another huge factor in how we develop motivation and our way of thinking. Sociology is also said to be concerned with all group activities such as economics, social. Political, and religion. The Objective of Sociology is to bring or provide information to advance of the overall understanding of the subject (sociology). Viewpoints The demographic category in sociology means that we are studying the dynamics of the human population. When doing this the population is divided into categories such as age, race, religion, income, etc. This lets us know certain information within different groups, such as where the majority of the tax money comes from. This would be broken down by race/ethnicity, age, sex, and income. Module 1 Case P.2 Viewpoints Cont. The Sociological viewpoint is consisted of everything that revolves around a person’s...
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...Case 2-2 - The Crest Whitestrip Challenge Question 1 – Summary of Table A After reviewing the table provided by Simmons Market Research Bureau, spring 2006 the most popular product is all whiteners with a 15.2% of adults that participated on the research. The second and third most popular products were the Whitening strips with 8.3%, followed by Whitening gels with a 5.5% of the adults that participated on the study. The bigger users of any whitening products are females at over 65% while males represent only a 35% of the sales of whitening products. The age group that represent the highest number of sales are the 18-24 year olds with about 23% of the sales, followed by two age groups 35-44 and 45-54 both representing 18% of sales. Users of Whitening products by age groups In addition the demographic that is among the biggest users are singles with 33% followed by divorced/separated with a 30%. College graduates and consumers with some college education are also among the biggest users of the whitening products both with 27% of the users. The biggest users of whitening products are the household with the highest income with income over $150,000 representing a 13% of its users. Households with income in the range of $100,000 to $149,999 represent the second highest users at 12% followed by the household income range of $40,000 to $49,999 and $75,000 to $99,000 both representing an 11% of the users. Users of whitening products by household income Among the...
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...China – “The Middle Kingdom” China in Mandarin Chinese in called Zhangguo, this really means “Middle Kingdom” when it is translated into English. The term Zhanggou originated from the Zhou dynasty’s belief that China was the center of civilizations in there part of the world, in which they truly were. They were not aware that in the western hemisphere of the world there were civilizations as well. It was not until the 1900’s that they firmly believed that they were the center of the world and what was surrounding them were savages. The term middle kingdom that China had adopted was surrounded by a firm belief. One of the biggest ones was on how they worked together and contributed much to their modern attitude towards the global economy. Most believe that China was slow to industrialize. That it could have done so a lot faster. Eventually all of those developed nations shifted from working on agriculture to skilled manufacturers who worked in facilities. The only thing that seemed to hold China back was the fact that there policies favored agriculture. Working with their hands doing manual labor on the land had always been good to them. Many great historians give credit to the different belief systems that both China and Europe, their late arrival into industrialization against that of Britain and other European countries. The part of Chinas main beliefs that held true even to this day is that of family. Traditionally you find more families in...
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...The average life expectancy in MEDCs is rising. This is due to: * improvements in health care and medicine * increased leisure and recreation time * improved knowledge about the importance of a balanced diet and regular exercise * improved living standards and quality of life Birth rates in MEDCs are falling as people choose to have smaller families later in life. Contraception is easily available and well understood. An ageing population * As people live longer, the structure of a population changes. * Many MEDCs are now experiencing a significant increase in the number of elderly people as a proportion of the population. * As birth rates fall and people have smaller families, the number of young dependants is falling and the number of elderly dependants is rising. * In the near future this will mean that there are fewer economically active people to support the elderly population. * To try to balance out an ageing population, some countries adopt a pro-natalist policy - that is, they encourage people to have more children by offering them benefits, such as access to childcare and maternity leave. * a cash incentive of £675 monthly (nearly the minimum wage) for a mother to stay off work for one year following the birth of her third child * the 'carte famille nombreuse' (large family card), giving large reductions on train fares * income tax based on the more children the less tax to pay * three years paid parental leave...
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...DeVry University Environmental Science Professor Michael O’Shea Human Population in Developing Countries Venezuela Venezuela Venezuela is formally known as the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. It is positioned on the northern coast of South America. The region is about 353,841 square miles. It is a state with enormously great biodiversity. Environments range from the Andes Mountains in the west, the Amazon Basin rainforest in the south, the Caribbean coast in the center, and the Orinoco River Delta in the East. Venezuela is amid the most established countries in Latin America, massive quantities of the population live in cities. From the time when oil was discovered, it has been the world’s top exporters and has the biggest oil reserves. Currently, Venezuela’s economy is in a sturdy degree of decay and the crime rate has harshly amplified and is among the highest in the world. According to the World Population Prospects the total population was 28,980,000 in 2010, related to only 5,094,000 in 1950. When looking closely at the population the annual growth rate is about 1.46%. The amount of kids under the age of 15 was about 29.5%, 64.9% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 5.6% was 65 years or older. There are four factors that impact population growth rate they include: birth rates, death rates, emigration, and immigration. The birth rate is typically the lead aspect in defining the rate of population growth. It hinges on both the level of fertility and the...
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...COM 102/1-Composition II Lecturer:Anthony Marais Student:Tashbulatova Sabina Hong Kong as an Academic Destination Introduction Hong Kong attracts visitors from around the world for its universities,economic infrastructure, stunning nature,urban culture and the rhythm of the megapolis where ‘’East meets West.’’ Demographics During the 1990s, the population of Hong Kong grew rapidly. Nearly 7 million residents are related to Cantonese ethnic groups,called ‘’Hakka’’and‘’Chiu Chow’’. The society of Hong Kong suffers from an aging population due to the declining birth rate. Particularly, the fertility rate dropped to 1.09 in 2012, indicates the ratio below the replacement rate of 2.1.Simultaneously, life expectancy remains elevated ,and is planned to attain 82 for men and 88 for women by 2031. Hong Kong’s old age dependency rate is expected to enlarge and to exceed Japan by 2060. Language According to the 1996 census, the official languages are Chinese and English, about 3.1% of Hong Kong citizens claimed English as the language of everyday communication and nearly 34.9% identified English as a second language.(Bolton,2000) Despite the ended British governance in 1997, Western culture is deeply entrenched in the country and harmonious with the conventional traditions and Eastern philosophy.(Buckley,1997). Education As a former of British overseas,territory of Hong Kong has retained the UK and US education systems...
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