...Sodium and magnesium chloride are the simple iconic chloride and this means that these two are the ones which can easily dissolve in water, they don’t take too long to react and this is because they are very reactive metals. A neutral solution can be made when sodium chloride dissolves I water and this will allow it to make a slight acidic solution when the magnesium chloride gets dissolved in the water and this means that the solution will change mainly because it will show a difference in the way it reacts with the solution this will show pH of 6 and this shows that it will change vastly when added to the solution. Magnesium ions will show a bond and this is because the magnesium ions will change from their original solid lattice to a liquid...
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...Laboratory Report Style Guide A formal lab report is how you communicate the details of an experiment to the outside world. There are many ways of writing up a laboratory experiment. You have probably already done different forms in science and biology classes. The format we will use in this class is called “journal article format,” because it is the same format that scientific journals require for published articles. More practically, it is the format required by most colleges. It more or less resembles the format of an English term paper. Sections Summary A standard journal article laboratory report is organized into the following sections: Title: A single sentence fragment (no verb) that describes your experimental objective and gives some indication of the method (procedure). Abstract: A one-paragraph summary of the entire experiment—your procedure, results, and analysis. Introduction: A description of the scientific background for your experiment, including any previous experiments that your experiment builds on. (Remember to cite your sources!) The final sentence (analogous to the thesis statement in a term paper) is the objective of your experiment. Materials and Methods: A detailed description (in paragraph format) of the procedure for your experiment. Results: Your data, as you observed/recorded it. Note that this section is only for data that you observed or measured directly. Your analysis (including calculations) belongs in the Discussion section...
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...------------------------------------------------- Lab Report: Experiment 18 : Soaps & detergents September 4th 2013 ------------------------------------------------- Lab Report: Experiment 18 : Soaps & detergents September 4th 2013 Lab Partners: Jeremy Campion & Jacques Donaldson Lab Partners: Jeremy Campion & Jacques Donaldson Introduction: Soaps and detergents our used frequently in our daily day to day life. Soap is a salt of a compound as a fatty acid. A soap molecule consist of a long hydrocarbon chain(composed of hydrogens and carbons) with a carboxylic acid group on one end which is ionic bonded to a metal ion, usually in sodium and potassium. Detergents are structurally similar to soaps, but differ in water-soluble portion. In this experiment we had to prepare soap and compare its properties to that of a synthetic detergent. We also had to compare the relative cleansing ability and costs of soap and some detergents. We were using saponification which date back to 600 BC. There were two different parts for this experiment that requires us to let the making of the soap. Materials Needed: Stirring Rod Test Tubes(6) Ajax Sodium Chloride NaCl Sodium hydroxide NaOH Ethanol C2H5OH Calcium Chloride CaCl Mineral Oil Mg(No3)2 Test Rack Iron(3) Chloride FeCl3 Hydrochloric acid Hot Plate Alkanox Stock Saop pH Paper Droppers Funnel Beaker 2-600-mL Ice bath Stain cloths Experimental Section: No Calculations ...
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...Name: Amber Pitcher Exercise 1: Cell Transport Mechanisms and Permeability: Activity 1: Simulating Dialysis (Simple Diffusion) Lab Report Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly. 1. The driving force for diffusion is You correctly answered: b. the kinetic energy of the molecules in motion. 2. In diffusion, molecules move You correctly answered: a. from high concentration to low concentration. 3. Which of the following dialysis membranes has the largest pore size? You correctly answered: d. 200 MWCO 4. Avogadro's number is a constant for the number of You correctly answered: b. molecules. 01/14/16 page 1 Experiment Results Predict Question: Predict Question 1: The molecular weight of urea is 60.07. Do you think urea will diffuse through the 20 MWCO membrane? Your answer : c. No, not at all. Predict Question 2: Recall that glucose is a monosaccharide, albumin is a protein with 607 amino acids, and the average molecular weight of a single amino acid is 135 g/mole. Which of the following will be able to diffuse through the 200 MWCO membrane? Your answer : b. both glucose and albumin Stop & Think Questions: The reason sodium chloride didn't diffuse left to right is that You correctly answered: c. the membrane pore size was too small. Glucose is a six-carbon sugar. Albumin is a protein with 607 amino acids. The average molecular weight of a single amino acid is 135 g/mole. There is no reason to run these solutes...
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...Honors Biology Laboratory Report Format This format is to be used for formal laboratory reports. All reports must be typed, using 10 or 12 point font. Include your name, name of partners, date, class and section. Laboratory reports are done individually; data is shared amongst groups, not interpretations. Correct grammar and spelling are expected. All writing is done using the passive voice and the past tense. Title • Reflect on the factual content of the paper. • Use fewer than 10 words. • Describe your specific investigation. o For instance “The Effect of Road Salt on Lentil Seed Germination and Growth” rather than “Seed Experiment” Abstract Provide a brief overview of the report in your own words The abstract should contain 5 parts (as outlined in abstract rubric) o Purpose, Hypothesis, Procedure, Results, Conclusion Be specific about results - do not use phrases like "it worked". Be very careful NOT to copy text from the lab handout. The abstract should be one paragraph and contain scientific terminology Problem • State the problem specifically in question form. o For instance, “What is the effect of road salt on the germination and growth of lentil seeds?” Hypothesis State the hypothesis using the "If, then. because" format. ...
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...Lab Report Chemistry 341L: Preparation of Cyclohexene Introduction: The purpose of this lab was to prepare an alkene, cyclohexene, by the dehydration of an alcohol, cyclohexanol. In this experiment cyclohexanol is dehydrated to prepare cyclohexene, using phosphoric acid as a catalyst. Unsaturation tests are then done to ensure cyclohexene was prepared. Experimental Scheme: The procedure for the Preparation of Cyclohexene lab started with first having to add 10mL of cylcohexanol (clear liquid with strong odor), and 2.5mL of phosphoric acid (clear liquid) to a 50-mL round bottom flask. These liquids were mixed together well; a boiling stone was added to the flask in order to allow for a smoother and gentle boil. Below is the equation for the reaction that took place in this lab. Equation 1: Formation of the product cyclohexene, from the reactant cyclohexanol with the aid of a catalyst phosphoric acid4 Next a distillation apparatus had to be assembled, using a 25-mL round bottom flask as a receiving flask, this flask was then placed into a beaker of ice water refer to figure 1. Figure 1: Distillation apparatus5 Distillation is used in order to dehydrate the cyclohexanol. After the apparatus was assembled we circulated the cooling water in the condenser, while heating the mixture in the flask. The flask was heated until the product started to distill, and collect into the receiving flask in the ice water bath. We continued to heat the mixture...
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...Graded Assignment Lab Report Answer the questions below. When you have finished, submit this assignment to your teacher by the due date for full credit. (8 points) |Score | | | 1. Part 2: Single-Displacement Reactions: For each four single-displacement reaction, describe what happened in each well. If a chemical reaction occurred, write a balanced equation for it. Then use the A, B symbols to write a general equation for a single-displacement reaction. Here are the chemical formulas of the reactants for each reaction: • zinc – Zn copper sulfate – CuSO4 • aluminum – Al copper sulfate – CuSO4 • zinc – Zn silver nitrate – Ag(NO3) • copper – Cu silver nitrate – Ag(NO3) Answer: (8 points) |Score | | | 2. Part 3: Double-Displacement Reactions: For each double-displacement reaction, describe what happened in each well, including the colors of any products that formed. If a chemical reaction occurred, write a balanced equation for it. Then use the A, B symbols to write a general equation for a double-displacement reaction. Here are the chemical formulas of the reactants for each reaction: • sodium chloride – NaCl copper sulfate – CuSO4 • sodium hydroxide – NaOH copper sulfate – CuSO4 • sodium phosphate – Na3PO4 copper sulfate – CuSO4 • sodium chloride – NaCl silver...
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...Lab Report 2 Sodium in Water & Flame Test Rui Li Sep 29, 2011 Purpose Metal in the Water The purpose of this experiment is to observe and rationalize the tends of experiment. Flame test To observe the flame color when different metal burns. The atoms of the elements are excited and emit light, giving the flame a distinct color. Experimental Details Metal in the Water Put the lithium, sodium and potassium into water, and then add phenolphthalein. Flame test Part A Clean the glasses, weight out 0.1g and add methanol into the watch glass. Metal Chloride | Flame Color | NaCl | Yello | KCl | Light Purpal | LiCl | Dark Red | CuCl2 | Blue | SrCl2 | Red Pink | Part B Burn the salt. Metal Salt | Flame Color | MgSO4 | No Change | LiNO3 | Dark Red | NaNo3 | Yello | SrCl2 | Dark Pink | CuCl2 | Blue Green | Part C Spay the metal on the Bunsen burner. Metal Chloride | Flame Color | NaCl | Yello | KCl | Light Purpal | LiCl | Dark Red | SrCl2 | Red Pink | CuCl2 | Light Blue | Calculations Metal in the Water Not Applied. Flame test Not Applied. Results Metal in the Water When observing the cut the length of lithium wire it looks dull, that is because the lithium has been expose in the air for a while. It supposes to be shining when freshly cut. When placing the lithium into water, the metal ball moved around with small bubble attached around. When placing the sodium into water, the metal move with white smoke, it swum...
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...Determining the Limiting Reactant and Percent Yield in a Precipitation Reaction Objectives: • Observe the reaction between solutions of sodium carbonate and calcium chloride. • Determine which of the reactants is the limiting reactant and which is the excess reactant. • Determine the theoretical mass of precipitate that should form. • Compare the actual mass with the theoretical mass of precipitate and calculate the percent yield. Materials: Balance 0.70 M sodium carbonate solution, Na2CO3(aq) Graduated cylinder 0.50 M calcium chloride solution, CaCl2(aq) Beaker (250 mL) Wash Bottle (distilled H2O) Filter paper Funnel Iron ring Ring stand Procedure: Part I: The Precipitation Reaction (Day 1) 1. Obtain two clean, dry 25 mL graduated cylinders and one 250 mL beaker. 2. In one of the graduated cylinders, measure 25 mL of the Na2CO3 solution. In the other graduated cylinder, measure 25 mL of the CaCl2 solution. Record these volumes in your data table. 3. Pour the contents of both graduated cylinders into the 250 mL beaker and observe the results. Record these qualitative observations in your observations table. Allow the contents of the beaker to sit undisturbed for approximately 5 minutes to see what happens to the suspended solid particles. Meanwhile, proceed to step 4. 4. Obtain a piece of filter paper and put your initials and your partner’s initials on it using a pencil. Measure and record the mass of the filter paper, then use...
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...Jonte Berry LAB 3 REPORT SHEET – ACIDS, BASES, INDICATORS, pH Procedure Number 3 Estimated pH with pH paper Vinegar (Ph 2) Soap + H2O (Ph 6) Tap water (Ph 8) Baking soda + H2O (Ph 9) Ammonia (Ph 13) 4 What color is your “red cabbage solution” when diluted with tap water? (The water turns ruby red) Do you think we will all have exactly the same color? Explain your answer. (No) 5 Solution color Estimated pH with cabbage indicator with cabbage indicator Vinegar (Light pink) (Ph 4) Soap + H2O (Clear Pink) (Ph 4) Tap water (Light blue) (Ph 10) Baking soda+H2O (Light light blue) (Ph 10) Ammonia (Clear) (Ph 10) 6 Describe what happened to the color of the solution when you mixed the vinegar and ammonia solutions. What do you estimate the pH of the solution to be with pH paper? (The pink color from the vinegar changes to light blue when the ammonia was added.) What do you estimate the pH of the solution to be with the cabbage indicator? (Ph 10) 7 What happened when you added the baking soda solution to the mixture of vinegar/ammonia? Describe your observations. (When I added the baking soda solution nothing happen at all.) What do you estimate the pH of the solution to...
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...2, 2014 Brief Report Indian Chemical Industry: A Potential Chemical Hub for Exploration at World Market Authors: Amrit B Karmarkar*1, Avinash D Deodhar1, Aditya A Holikar2 Affiliations: 1. Director, InClinition, Dombivli East, Mumbai Area, India 2. Research Associate, InClinition, Dombivli East, Mumbai Area, India Email: amrit@inclinition.com Cellular: +91-8898904115 Introduction of Chemical Industry Chemicals are the basic necessity of day to day life for creature to survive on earth. The chemicals whether being natural or synthetic they are helpful to each and every creature for the survival. Right from the food we eat, clothes we wear or the cars we drive all the things are significantly based on the chemicals which helps to enhance the quality of life through various new innovations. The use of chemicals is mentioned from the ancient time to the modern era. As the development on earth started from the ancient era to modern era for the survival and the enhancement of the chemicals, their forms and their uses changed. Development of synthetic chemicals took place by setting up the chemical factory in countries and then export and import of chemicals from country to country. As the modern era is concern, the chemical industry has acquired the special attention by Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) at 5.9% for the revenue generation of $ 3,519 billion till year 2010. It is expected to grow up to 8.1% generating $ 5,185 billion by 2015(Market Line Report). The growth is observed...
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...Tylenol is prescribed 500mg every 6 hours PRN, patient need to be instruct not to exceed 3000mg per day. It is important to teach patient about the possible interaction between NSAID or acetaminophen and OTC cold medication. Hydrochlorothiazine 25mg twice a day, diuretics need to be monitor due to the interaction with NSAID plus the low sodium diet the patient is following at home. A medication reconciliation aids health care providers with the preventing of medication interaction, duplications, errors, writing orders as well as an opportunity for patient education like patient needs to be instruct of the interaction that all his prescribed medication have with alcohol plus diet and OTC. 2. The patient states that the last week has been painful since the surgeon did not want him to take the ibuprofen since October 25. What is the rationale for holding/discontinuing this medication at that time? (5 points) Ibuprofen can increase the risk of bleeding during surgery because it prevents platelets from aggregating and decrease clotting. It is recommended to stop NSAID a week prior to surgery due to the life spam of platelets. 3. The patient also reports that he took hydrochlorothiazide and Tylenol last night (October 31) and that the doctor’s office told him not to take his hydrochlorothiazide this morning. What is the rationale for holding this medication at this time? (5 points) Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic for the treatment of hypertension. The mechanism of action impact electrolytes...
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...Abstract In this lab, we synthesize three types of polymers including the Nylon 6,10. During the process, observations of the physical characteristics and appearance are taken. Subsequently, these properties are discussed and related to the structure of the reactants used, and the products formed. Lab 1 Report Condensation polymers are the type of polymers formed through condensation reactions, in which molecules join together with the release of small products such as water and methanol. Condensation polymerization plays an important role in our lives since many of the products we use and rely on are prepared through these reactions. Our choice of polymer-based products in our lives depends on the properties of the polymers and the way we want to utilize them. Therefore, it became necessary to have the techniques and the knowledge of how to produce polymers with the specific properties needed for ultimate performance. In this lab, we prepare a variety of polymers and observe their properties. After that, a discussion is made of the reasons behind the differences in their characteristics. We began the procedure by choosing between reacting either ethylene glycol or glycerin with phthalic anhydride. Our group had the choice of glycerin. We added 1.00 g of phthalic anhydride into a test tube. 50 mg of sodium acetate was added to the tube as a catalyst. Then we added 0.4 ml of glycerin to the mixture to start the reaction. The test tube was heated using an alcohol...
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...CH 220C ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LABORATORY Spring, 2015 Section Page 1. General Information 2 2. Safety Information 2 3. Attendance 3 Make-Up Policy 3 4. Laboratory Protocol 3 Assigned Reading 3 Pre-Lab Quizzes 3 Lab Notebook 5 Chemicals 5 Due Dates for Reports 5 5. Orientation 5 In-Lab Information 5 Library Information 5 6. Check-In 6 7. Grading Procedure 6 8. Policy on Cheating 7 9. TA Office Hours 8 10. Faculty Course CoordinatorS 8 11. Course Web Page 8 12. Hints to Minimize Frustration IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 8 13. Work Schedule 10 Lab Report Due Date Schedule 10 Experiments 10 14. Supplements 17 A. Extraction of Unknown 17 B. Recrystallization of Unknown Products 18 C. Methyl Benzoate 19 D. Synthesis of Luminol 20 E. Azo Violet 23 1. GENERAL INFORMATION PRE- and CO-REQUISITES Pre- and co-requisites for CH 220C listed in the Course Schedule. Important: Because the lecture and laboratory courses are co-requisites of each other, dropping one of them requires that you drop the other as well, unless the drop occurs during ...
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...GUIDELINES FOR THE CLASSIFICATION AND CODING OF INDUSTRIAL AND HAZARDOUS WASTES TEXAS COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY WASTE PERMITS DIVISION RG-022 Revised 2/05 GUIDELINES FOR THE CLASSIFICATION AND CODING OF INDUSTRIAL AND HAZARDOUS WASTES THIS IS A GUIDANCE DOCUMENT AND SHOULD NOT BE INTERPRETED AS A REPLACEMENT TO THE RULES. The rules for classifying and coding industrial wastes and hazardous wastes may be found in 30 Texas Administrative Code (TAC) Sections (§§) 335.501-.521 (Subchapter R). Prepared by: I&HW Permits Section, MC 130 Waste Permits Division Texas Commission on Environmental Quality P.O. Box 13087 Austin, Texas 78711-3087 RG-022 Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Revised February 2005 i Kathleen Hartnett White, Chairman R. B. “Ralph” Marquez, Commissioner Larry R. Soward, Commissioner Glenn Shankle, Executive Director Authorization for use or reproduction of any original material contained in this publication—that is, not obtained from other sources—is freely granted. The commission would appreciate acknowledgment. Copies of this publication are available for public use through the Texas State Library, other state depository libraries, and the TCEQ Library, in compliance with state depository law. For more information on TCEQ publications call 512/239-0028 or visit our Web site at: http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/publications Published and distributed by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality PO Box...
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