Advance Encryption Standard

Abhilash Kumar Pathak
School Of Computer Application, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
Address

Ramdev.pathak@rediffmail.com

1) INTRODUCTION

SECURITY:-

A network is connection of various type of component I.e. collection of component set that called n\w. Security is the secure the data and component and not interrupts the external and internal terms of resource.

CRYPTOGRAPHY:-

A) A cryptographer is one who practices or studies cryptography, a field primarily involved with keeping secret information secret. Mode cryptography is mostly concerned with encrypting digital information.

B) A cryptography is the convert data text in cipher format.

CIPHER:--

1) A cipher (pronounced SAI-fur) is any method of encrypting text (concealing its readability and meaning).

2) It is also sometimes used to refer to the encrypted text message itself although here the term ciphertext is preferred

3) Cipher throw actual data are convert secure formatted and not to access an unauthorized user.

4) A block cipher is one that breaks a message up into chunks and combines a key with each chunk (for

Example, 64-bits of text). A stream cipher is one that applies a key to each bit, one

at a time. Most modern ciphers are block ciphers.

TYPES OF CRYPTOGRAPH:-

1. SYMMATRIC

2. ASYMMATRIC

SYMMATRIC KEY:-

A symmetric key is the medium of two user b/w, it is a single, share key and private key type, symmetric key are used algorithem base and not access to an other user in symmatric key is sequencal manner transmittrd signal.

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Figure 1 - Symmetric Cryptography

TYPES OF SYMMATRIC CRYPTOGRAPHY: ---

1. DES (DATA ENCRYPTION SECURITY)

2. AES (ADVANCE ENCRYPTION SECURITY)

DES: ----

1. Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a widely-used method of data encryption using a private (secret) key that was urged so difficult to break by the U.S. government that it was restricted for exportation to other countries.

2. DES applies a 56-bit key to each 64-bit block of data. The process can run in several modes and involves.

3.16 rounds or operations. Although this is considered "strong" encryption, many companies use "triple DES", which applies three keys in succession.

DES is the not capable to proper or multi bit data transition then using AES.

AES: -----

THE AES IS DEVLPOED BY NOV 26, 2001 IN NATIONAL INSTITUTE SCIENCS OF TECHNOLOGY (NIST).

It is open bad first public cipher (NSA) and approval security of commerce.

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is an encryption algorithm for securing sensitive but unclassified material by U.S. Government agencies and, as a likely consequence, may eventually become the de facto encryption standard for commercial transactions in the private sector. (Encryption for the US military and other classified communications is handled by separate, secret algorithms.)

AES:-

1 .The entire selection process was fully open to public scrutiny and comment, it being decided that full visibility would ensure the best possible analysis of the designs.

2. Cryptographic community, including the National Security Agency.

TYPES OF KEY:--

1. MASTER KEY

2. DATA ENCRYPTION KEY

1) MASTER KEY:-

A 256-bit AES key that is used only to encrypt and decrypt AES operational keys. The ICSF administrator installs and changes the AES master key using the ICSF panels or the optional TKE workstation. The AES master key always remains within the secure boundaries of the cryptographic coprocessors.

2) DATA ENCRYPTION KEY:-

All AES operational keys are data-encrypting keys. Data-encrypting (DATA) keys are 128, 192, and 256-bit keys. DATA keys are used to encipher and decipher data.

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High-level description of the algorithm

1. Key Expansion—round keys are derived from the cipher key using RIJANDEL KEY SHEDULEE 2. INTIAL ROUND:- 1. ADD ROUND KEY—each byte of the state is combined with the round key using bitwise xor 3. ROUND:-
1. SUB BYTE—a non-linear substitution step where each byte is replaced.
2. SHIFT ROW—a transposition step where each row of the state is shifted cyclically a certain number of steps.
3. MIX COLOUMN—a mixing operation which operates on the columns of the state, combining the four bytes in each column.
4. ADD ROUND KEY

5. FINAL ROUND (NO MIX COLOUMN)
5. SUB BYTE
6. SHIFT ROW
7. ADD ROW

SUB BYTE:-The sub byte properties are use 8 byte matrix format and avoid the attack in NONLINEAR algebraic format so sub byte matrix are show:

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SHIFT ROW:-- shift row throw one by one row are shifted in matrix shift in cyclic format in left and show fig;

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MIX COLOUMN:-

Mix column use combined of column and using 4 byte and shift various way in mix column mix is show and using multiple column

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ADD ROUND KEY:--

This key are used xor format and add round key is combined of sub key and add various round of key

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ADVANTAGE OF AES:-

A new standard was needed primarily because DES has a relatively small 56-bit key which was becoming vulnerable to brute force attacks. In addition the DES was designed primarily for hardware and is relatively slow when implemented in software.

2. AES algorithms were all to be block ciphers, supporting a block size of 128 bits and key sizes of 128, 192, and 256 bits.

DIS-ADVANTAGE:-

1. It needs more processing.

2. It requires more rounds of communication as compare to DES.

CONCLUSION

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a National Institute of Standards and Technology specification for the encryption of electronic data. It is expected to become the accepted means of encrypting digital information, including financial, telecommunications, and government data. This article presents an overview of AES and explains the algorithms it uses. Included is a complete C# implementation and examples of encrypting .NET data. After reading this article you will be able to encrypt data using AES, test AES-based software, and use AES encryption in your systems.

REFERENCES

[1]en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced Encryption_
Standard

[2] www.jamesedwardtracy.com/WWW/AES/AES-WIKI.pdf

[3] www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/AES.html

[4] www.theinquirer.net › Hardware › Security

[5] http://www.windowsecurity.com/articles/painless-encryptionintel-advanced-encryption-standard-new-instructions-aes-ni.html

[6]www.cs.ust.hk/faculty/cding/COMP685/SLIDES/slide0 3.pdf

[7] www.conxx.net/AES.pdf

[8]staff.guilan.ac.ir/staff/users/rebrahimi/fckeditor.../mini-aes-spec.pdf

[9] www.vocal.com/cryptography/aes.html