...Rural Solar Electrification as a substitute for Kerosene Subsidies in India - Sushant Vinchurkar Rural Solar electrification as a substitute for Kerosene subsidies in India In a recent article in the Times of India, renowned economist Swaminathan S. Anklesaria Aiyar has posed a million dollar question: “For decades, kerosene has been sold at highly subsidized prices on the grounds that it provides essential rural lighting to villages without electricity. However, if electricity is now available in all villages in some states, and will soon cover the vast majority of the rural population, why should the kerosene subsidy continue, especially when it’s well known that a corrupt, leaky distribution system means that little actually reaches the poor?” The magnitude of subsidy on Kerosene in India: Factual data Kerosene is primarily used in rural households for lighting (see following figure 1). Subsidized kerosene provided through the public distribution system (PDS) is intended to be targeted to those households that are below the poverty line and have ration cards to prove their economic status. Figure1 National Sample Survey Office data for 2004–05 showed that approximately 50 per cent of poor rural households did not have a BPL card and, in some states, such as Bihar and Jharkhand, the figure was as high as 80 per cent (Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, 2007). Figure 2 (Source: IISD report) 2 Rural Solar electrification as a substitute...
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...Energy Resources and its Management First Mr. Ankit Kumar Sharma, Second Mr. Arpit Kapoor, and Third Mr. Anil Kumar Yadav ankit_krishnaa@yahoo.in, arpitknp@gmail.com, anilyadav07@rocketmail.com Assistant Professor, Deptt. Of Electrical Engg., JNU, Jaipur; Final Year, Electrical Engineering, JNU Jaipur; Final Year, Electrical Engineering, JNU, Jaipur ABSTRACT The present energy needs of the world are supplied by the drastic use of non-renewable sources of energy, which are mainly the fossil fuels or the nuclear fuels, which are no doubt very good, but will not last for ever, they will end very soon. By fossil fuels I am throwing light on coal, petroleum, natural gas, etc. which on combustion emits harmful gases such as carbon di oxide, carbon mono oxide which are harmful to the environment. Though the Renewable resources of energy which are the Solar Energy i.e. the energy from sun, Wind Energy, as the name suggests the energy from wind or the fast moving air, the Geothermal Energy i.e. the energy from the earth, energy generated from water known as hydro energy, biogas and many more. Which are no doubt very good energy sources and the qualities like everlasting and clean that is negligible pollution makes them the best in the lot. The present generation of energy is more from the non renewable resources which is bad for the nature and for the future also, thus we need to manage the use and organize the usage of both the resources so that they can be saved for the...
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...accelerate infrastructure development, the Government has encouraged private sector participation in infrastructure projects. Bangladesh inherited underdeveloped and unevenly distributed infrastructure and transportation networks. Poor and inefficient infrastructure undermined the economic development in the country, and only recently has the government been able to address the problem systematically and channel investments towards expanding its highways, railroads, seaports, and airports. In this term paper I have discussed the past and current situation of the country’s 2 sectors of infrastructure i.e. communication (roads) and Power (solar) sector and their contribution towards the development of our economy. 2. Bangladesh Infrastructure: Power and Communication Bangladesh belongs to the group of countries with the lowest commercial energy consumption per head in the world. The CIA estimated that in 1999 the country produced 12.5 billion kWh, 85 percent of which was produced using gas, 7.0 percent was produced at hydroelectric power plants, and around 8 percent by using liquid fuel. According to the EIU Country Profile, 85 percent of households in...
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...BUSINESS | Thesis On ‘Whether Indian Start-Ups Should Enter The Indian Solar Market Or Not’ | Abstract | Prajeet Prabhakaran 3/19/2015 | Abstract India is one of the fastest growing countries in terms of energy consumption. Currently, it is the fifth largest consumer of energy in the world, and will be the third largest by 2030. The country is heavily dependent on fossil sources of energy for most of its demand. Energy supply is a challenge and is becoming more so every minute. Producing fossil fuels is far from easy and nuclear energy with its irresponsible short- and long-term threats is not the solution either. The fact is that our approach to consuming energy needs to become responsible. It is believed that the geographical location of India allows the country to receive well over 5000 trillion kWh of pure solar energy each year, which is far beyond the annual power consumption of India. With the help of the solar cells and solar panels it is possible to generate electricity in areas where the exposure to sun is comparatively lesser. Since there is a huge opportunity, more and more Indian solar companies are trying to enter the Indian market. Given the deficit power supply in different states of India, solar PV modules are attractive for many Indians because of its high efficiency and cost saving features. Therefore, we want to determine the ways for Indian start-up companies to enter the solar market. Rising prices of fuels used for the production of power, frequent...
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...Competitor’s strength - Samsung E1107 Crest Solar- Imagine living in a poor rural area or urban slum with sporadic or no electricity: the reality is, you would still need a cell phone. Samsung India launched the first solar-powered phone, the Solar Guru, which allows users to charge the phone anywhere the sun is shining — and in India, that’s most places. The Guru is the first solar mobile phone to hit the market, and, at $60, it’s designed to be affordable as well. One hour of solar charging provides 5 to 10 minutes of talk time. Samsung Blue Earth – Blue Earth is a gorgeous green touch phone that has a full solar panel on its back which can generate enough power to charge the phone. And yes – the gadget is still small enough to fit in your pocket! The body of the phone is made out of recycled water bottles and has no brominated flame retardants, beryllium and phthalates – all incredibly toxic substances. That goes for the charger as well, which also meets the newer standby mode energy efficiency ratings. The body of the phone is made out of recycled water bottles and has no brominated flame retardants, beryllium and phthalates – all incredibly toxic substances. That goes for the charger as well, which also meets the newer standby mode energy efficiency ratings. Competitor’s Weakness – It takes 40 hours to get a full charge — a number that will most likely come down as the technology is refined. With free electricity, the phone will save users money and make...
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...A P R I L 2 014 The disruptive potential of solar power David Frankel, Kenneth Ostrowski, and Dickon Pinner As costs fall, the importance of solar power to senior executives is rising. The economics of solar power are improving. It is a far more costcompetitive power source today than it was in the mid-2000s, when installations and manufacturing were taking off, subsidies were generous, and investors were piling in. Consumption continued rising even as the MAC Global Solar Energy Index fell by 50 percent between 2011 and the end of 2013, a period when dozens of solar companies went bankrupt, shut down, or changed hands at fire-sale prices. The bottom line: the financial crisis, cheap natural gas, subsidy cuts by cash-strapped governments, and a flood of imports from Chinese solar-panel manufacturers have profoundly challenged the industry’s short-term performance. But they haven’t undermined its potential; indeed, global installations have continued to rise—by over 50 percent a year, on average, since 2006. The industry is poised to assume a bigger role in global energy markets; as it evolves, its impact on businesses and consumers will be significant and widespread. Utilities will probably be the first, but far from the only, major sector to feel solar’s disruptive potential. Economic fundamentals Sharply declining costs are the key to this potential. The price US residential consumers pay to install rooftop solar PV (photovoltaic) systems has plummeted from nearly...
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...Nguyen Randy Gifford English M01A March 16, 2015 Cause Paper for the Development of Solar Energy Our modern industrial civilization is based mostly on using fossil fuels for power plants to produce electricity and to fuel vehicles for transportation. Oil, which is the most precious and efficient source of energy, has already started to be exhausted due to heavy overpopulation, industrial demands, and scarcity of resources. The oil crisis in 1970 caused scientists all over the world to look for substitutes to fossil fuels to avoid economic and industrial collapses. Experts in the field of sustainable energy have turned their attention towards solar energy. Thomas Edison, the father of energy once said, “We are like tenant farmers chopping down the fence around our house for fuel when we should be using Nature's inexhaustible sources of energy — sun, wind, and tide.... I'd put my money on the sun and solar energy. What a source of power! I hope we don't have to wait until oil and coal run out before we tackle that” (Mathews 79). Solar energy is the safest, the most environment friendly, and one of the fastest developing sources of energy. The reasons that solar energy will dominate all other energy sources in the future are environmental concerns, renewability of the source, and technological adaptation for using solar power as a source. Solar technology utilizes the sun’s energy to produce electricity and does not rely on continual mining of raw materials. Consequently...
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...Energy Class 1 Energy —— the ability to do work Work —— when a farce acts on an object through a distance Farce —— push or a pull | |Distance |Force |Energy |Power | |USA units |Foot(ft) |Pounds(lbs) |kWh |hp | |Metric |Meter(m) |Newton(N)kg*m/s2 |Joules |J/s(watt) | *kWh —— kilowatt hour hp —— horsepower 33,000 ft*lbs/min = 745 J/s = 746 W —— 1 hp Power —— the rate at which works is ? Mechanical —— relates to the movement of an objects or its position is gravity Sound —— relates to the repetitive compression and rarefaction of molecules in a substance Chemical —— relates to energy stored in the bonds between atoms in a molecule Electrical —— relates to the movement or flow of electrons Light —— relates to on electric change or magnetic field that produce electromagnetic waves Heat —— relates to the motion of particles, atoms or molecules in a substance Nuclear —— relates to the potential energy stored in bonds between particles in the nucleus of an atom Conservation of energy Energy cannot be created or destroyed, if only changer forms Class 2 10 Sources of Energy |Renewable |Non Renewable ...
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...Energy Tammy Malugen Professor Trena Woolridge Environmental Science and Sustainability SCI201-1501B-15 When you were a child you always heard the phrase “turn off the lights!” or “close the door you weren’t raised in a barn!” The Law of Conservation of Energy is the corporeal code that the entire extent of energy in a method is perpetual, even though energy is different from some form to a different or moved from one purpose to another; this can too be called the first law of thermodynamics. What this means is that since you cannot destroy energy but you can transform it into another form of energy. By using energy efficient appliances doesn’t mean you don’t use energy it just means that that energy is being converted into a different form of energy within your home. There are many forms of energy: Fossil Fuels, Nuclear Energy, Solar Energy, Wind Power, Water (hydro) Power, and Bioconversion (biofuel). Fossil Fuels: In 2007, “The U.S Energy Information Administration (EIA)” has determined that 86.4% of the main energy depletion that can be traced back to non-renewable sources. Pros: Well Developed: the reason fossil fuels is used is because it is the one that is well developed and has been used all around the world Cheap and Reliable: this is cheapest source of energy and the most reliable to use for the base-load. Cons: Contribute to Global Warming: this source of energy is not “green” and contains high amount of carbon Non-Renewable: Fossil fuels are a...
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...INTRODUCTION: Solar energy has the greatest potential of all the sources of renewable energy. If only a small amount of this form of energy could be used, it will be one of the most important supplies of energy specially when other sources in the country have depleted energy comes to the earth from the sun. This energy keeps the temperature of the earth above than in colder space, causes current in the atmosphere and in ocean. It causes the water cycle and generates photosynthesis in plants. The solar power where sun hits atmosphere is 1017 W. The solar power on the surface of earth is 1016W. The total worldwide power demand of all needs of civilization is 1013W. Therefore, the sun gives us 1000 times more power than we need. If we can use 5% of this energy, it will be 50 times what the world will require. Electrical Energy that can be produced from the solar energy by photovoltaic solar cells. SPV cell converts the solar energy directly to electrical energy. The most significant applications of SPV cells in India are the energization of pump sets for irrigation, drinking water supply and rural electrification covering street lights, community TV sets, medical refrigerators and...
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...Renewable Energy Summary Renewable energy flows involve natural phenomena such as sunlight, wind, tides, plant growth (biomess) and geothermal heat. According to the International Energy Agency (2002), “Renewable energy is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly. In its various forms, it derives directly from sun, or from heat generated deep within the earth. Included in the definition is electricity and heat generated from solar, wind, ocean, hydropower, biomass, geothermal resources, and biofuels and hydrogen derived from renewable resources.” Renewable energy resources and significant opportunities for energy efficiency exist over the world. Compare to other traditional energy resources like fossil fuel, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries. The rapid development of renewable energy and energy efficiency, and the technological diversification of energy resources, would provide a sustainable and stable supply of energy and a significant growth in economy for the world in a foreseeable future. History of Renewable Energy Prior to the development of coal in the mid 19th century, nearly all energy used was renewable. The oldest known use of renewable energy, in the form of traditional biomass to fuel fires, dates from 790,000 years ago (K. Kris, 2013). The second oldest usage of renewable energy is using the wild to drive ships over water. This can be traced back 7,000 years ago, to ships on Nile (The Encyclopedia of...
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...2012 Luminous awarded Superbrand status 2011 Luminous - Schneider JV 2007 1st Manufacturing facility outside India (Lang Ming, China) Preparation Inception 1988 Company founded by Rakesh Malhotra with 3 people 1994 First UPS got manufactured 2007 Got industry leadership Award from Frost & Sullivan 2006 Tie-up with Hyundai, Formation of Hyundai Power Products 2004 Tie-up for Battery Technology with Eagle Pitcher Inc. USA 1991 First inverter rolled out 2004 First Battery Manufacturing plant came into existence 2000 First Luminous product got exported 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s Luminous in brief 5,000+ People 7 Factories 130+ R&D resources 28 Sales Offices Business Overview Luminous Group Power Back-up Devices • Home UPS • Line Interactive / Online UPS Power Storage (Batteries) • Inverter Batteries • Automotive Batteries • Solar Batteries • Traction Batteries • VRLA Batteries • Telecom Batteries Electrical Products • Life Style Portfolio o o Fans Electrical Wiring Accessories Final Distribution Products Wires & Cables Enterprise Business • Managed Service Business • Projects for data center setup Other Project Renewable Energy Solutions • Wind Project • Solar Project • Hybrid Project • Diesel Generator sets • Solar Panels • Solar Home Lighting Systems • Solar Charge Controller • Solar Lantern • Safety Portfolio o o Established Businesses Emerging Businesses Power Back-Up Devices • Home...
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...Renewable Energy Sources The Sustainability Revolution John C. Ayers "In a sense, the fossil fuels are a one-time gift that lifted us up from subsistence agriculture and should eventually lead us to a future based on renewable resources." Kenneth Deffeyes (2001) "I'd put my money on the sun and solar energy. What a source of power! I hope we don't have to wait until oil and coal run out before we tackle that." — Thomas Edison, 1931 We cannot create or destroy energy. We can only capture it. The sun provides either directly or indirectly nearly all of the energy available to us. Plants capture solar energy directly through photosynthesis. Fossil fuels contain the energy of sunlight captured hundreds of millions of years ago. Photovoltaic (PV) cells also capture sunlight energy directly. Other energy sources capture the energy of sunlight indirectly. Heat from the sun powers the flowing air and water. We usually capture the kinetic energy of wind and water by using turbines that transfer the energy to an alternator, an electrical generator that produces alternating current. Geothermal energy is different in that it captures flowing heat energy produced by radioactive decay in the earth’s interior. In this chapter we will see that Wind, Water, and Sun (WWS) energy sources are sustainable because they are renewable, clean, safe, and nearly carbon-free. Although they have low energy densities, meaning that they require large areas of land or water to produce energy, they are...
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...THE SOCIAL ENTREPRENEUR I LIKE -Sanjit ‘Bunker’ Roy. Social Entrepreneurship in India – Changing the Life of the Poor India has the world's second largest labour force of 516.3 million people and although hourly wage rates in India have more than doubled over the past decade, the latest World Bank report states that approximately 350 million people in India currently live below the poverty line. With an estimated population of 1.2 billion people, this means that every third Indian is bereft of even basic necessities like nutrition, education and health care and many are still blighted by unemployment and illiteracy. Social entrepreneurs can help alleviate these issues by putting those less fortunate on a path towards a worthwhile life. Rather than leaving societal needs to the government or business sectors, they can solve the problem by changing the system. What is a Social Entrepreneur?: Over the past two decades, the citizen sector has discovered what the business sector learned long ago: There is nothing as powerful as a new idea in the hands of a first-class entrepreneur. Social entrepreneurs are individuals with innovative solutions to society’s most pressing social problems. They are ambitious and persistent, tackling major social issues and offering new ideas for wide-scale change. Rather than leaving societal needs to the government or business sectors, social entrepreneurs find what is not working and solve the problem by changing the system, spreading...
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...Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. Photovoltaics convert light into electric current using the photovoltaic effect.[2] Photovoltaics were initially, and still are, used to power small and medium-sized applications, from the calculator powered by a single solar cell to off-grid homes powered by a photovoltaic array. They are an important and relatively inexpensive source of electrical energy where grid power is inconvenient, unreasonably expensive to connect, or simply unavailable. However, as the cost of solar electricity is falling, solar power is also increasingly being used even in grid-connected situations as a way to feed low-carbon energy into the grid. Commercial concentrated solar power plants were first developed in the 1980s. The 392 MW ISEGS CSP installation is the largest solar power plant in the world, located in the Mojave Desert of California. Other large CSP plants include the SEGS (354 MW) in the Mojave Desert of California, the Solnova Solar Power Station (150 MW) and the Andasol solar power station (150 MW), both in Spain. The 250+ MW Agua Caliente Solar Project in the United States, and the 221 MW Charanka Solar Park in India, are the world’s largest photovoltaic power stations. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power ...
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