...have been made out of necessity and others from pure genius innovation. In this document we will discuss some of these new energy technologies and how these technologies will provide a cleaner and more efficient source of energy as we look into the future. The Sun’s energy has been harnessed for close to two and a half centuries when a Swiss scientist, Horace-Benedict de Saussure, created an insulated box covered with three layers of glass to absorb heat energy in 1767. We have come a long way since then in the various applications that we use the Sun’s energy for in today’s world. In 2012 the people of India built one of the world’s largest applications of using the Sun’s energy and transforming it into electrical energy. The Gujarat Solar Park is a collection of solar farms scattered around the Gujarat region, boasting a combined installed capacity of 605 megawatts of power that is completely harnessed from the Sun’s rays. Advancements in solar technology are being made every day. Researchers from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and the University of Central Florida in Orlando may be one step closer to tapping into the full potential of solar cells. The team found a way to create large sheets of nanotextured, silicon micro-cell arrays that hold the promise of making solar cells lightweight, more efficient, bendable and easy to mass produce. Which is just one example of how bright the future of solar technology really is. Another energy technology that has...
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...continued reliance on them may have significant environmental consequences. Fortunately, there are alternatives. The most powerful one is right over our heads. We are bathed in the clean, virtually inexhaustible energy of the sun. Each hour, enough sunlight reaches Earth to meet the world’s energy needs for a year. To harvest this bounty, we need technology that efficiently converts the sun’s energy into forms we can use. Developing this technology is the purpose of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Solar Energy Technologies Program. Powerful Goals, Powerful Technologies The Solar Energy Technologies Program is part of the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. The Program’s mission is to improve U.S. security, environmental quality, and economic prosperity through public-private partnerships that bring reliable and affordable solar energy technologies to the marketplace. It supports research and development on a wide range of photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal technologies that convert sunlight into useful energy. Photovoltaic Technologies The majority of the Program’s budget is allocated to PV research and development (R&D). All PV devices convert sunlight directly into electricity. However, there is a variety of materials and processes for creating PV devices, each with its own benefits and drawbacks. The major trade-off is between cost and sunlight-to-electricity conversion efficiency—higher efficiency typically translates into higher cost. Program...
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...and coal based energy over the past eighty years, and not until recently have countries found a way to make clean energy more affordable. In this paper I will discuss a few types of clean energy and how they effect not only the environment we live in, but the economy we live in as well. Solar power is a science that has been around for over two hundred years, and the first solar panel was invented almost sixty years ago (Gruen). It has not been until the past ten years that solar power and solar panels have emerged as a legitimate source of clean energy that is cost effective. Solar power not only cuts down on dangerous CO2 emissions into our atmosphere, but can create jobs needed to support and sustain our economy. Jobs would be needed not only for creation of solar panels, but installation and also maintenance. The first solar panels were created about 55 years ago in New Jersey by a group of scientists working for Bell Laboratories (Gruen). Since that time it has become cheaper and cheaper to mass produce the components needed to create solar panels, and thus driving a higher demand as companies and consumers become more cognizant of the impact of gas power vs. solar power. Wind power is another huge resource for creating green energy in virtually every country in the world....
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...The sun, a source of unlimited, sustainable, renewable energy, it is no wonder why solar energy systems is being used worldwide from country’s in poverty to homeowners in the United States. From large scale utility plants to urban communities, more solar energy systems are being used to generate electricity for many different reasons. Whether it’s saving our planet, saving money, or increasing the value of a home, these are just a few reasons why solar energy is growing. Over the past three decades SunPower Corporation has been able to improve the technology in renewable energy to generate the most energy from the sun. SunPower has been leading the quest to improve lives and our world for a better future one day at a time. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration in September of 2014, utility-scale solar power plants generated over 12,303 gigawatts- hours of electricity compared to September 2013which generated 6,048 gigawatts-hours. This is enough energy to power 1,513,703 average U.S. homes, (Danko, 2014). With the trend of solar energy and clean carbon emissions, the numbers of solar companies has risen. From manufacturing to installing, having a solar energy system has been easier and cost effective especially for homeowners. To motivate homeowners to start using solar energy system, local and state wide government has offered many incentives such as, “the eight-year extension of the Investment Tax Credit for renewable energy that was part of the...
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...To Drill or Not to Drill? HUM/114 November 25, 2013 To Drill or Not to Drill? When it comes to meeting energy needs in the United States using solar power is the best option. Solar power produces more energy with less damage to the environment. As far as the cost of changing to new power it is lower and more cost-effective than using fossil fuels. Solar power cost around 15 cents a kWh or lower. When a person looks at the average electricity rates they vary from place to place. Some places cost 6 cents a kWh and others up to 30 cents a kWh, (The Electricity Journal, 2011, pg. 2-3). “Sunlight provides the Earth with more energy in 1 hour than is consumed on the planet in an entire year,” (Barlev, 2011, pg. 2703). Some of the habits or perceptual blocks that hinder my view on this subject would be that I was raised with trying to keep the environment clean and healthy. My ego is a huge habit that I have and may never completely relinquish it. Although I do not want to admit it stereotyping plays another role in my habits and perceptual blocks. I am not stereotypic of race, religion, or sexual orientation but I am stereotypic of different practices and ideas. The oil companies waste materials and are harmful to their environment is how I have stereotyped them. Face saving in another habit that I use often. I use it to write this paper in the way that I wrote my beliefs and then found articles to support my beliefs. Ways that I can change my habits is to think...
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...Hi-Tech Park, Malaysia's second high technology industrial park, got off to a promising start with investments of more than US$500 million (RM1.7 billion) from two companies in Johor. China-based EQ Solar Technology International Sdn Bhd plans to invest US$500 million to produce solar modules while leading industrial gases provider MOX-Linde Gases Sdn Bhd, through its initial outlay of RM60 million, plans to set up an industrial gases separation plant. Senai High Tech Park chief executive officer (CEO) Datuk Ahmad Shukri Tajudin said this shows that the park is ready to compete as another preferred location for hightechnology manufacturing, research and innovation activities. Located within Iskandar Malaysia, the park has drawn interest from investors in the US, Europe and China. "Interest is in various sectors including semiconductor industry and solar," he said at a media briefing. International Trade and Industry Minister Datuk Seri Mustapa Mohamed, witnessed the signing of the memorandum of understanding in Kuala Lumpur yesterday. "We're expecting a few more similar investments," Mustapa said, without disclosing details. Malaysia has so far attracted several global solar industry players like First Solar, Sunpower and Q-Cells. There are also several domestic investments in solar power projects in Selangor and Sabah. Mustapa hopes that the park will create more jobs, similar to what was achieved at the Kulim Hi-Tech Park in the north. The park has attracted numerous multinational...
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...efficiency, recycling, safety and health concerns, renewable resources, and more. Green technology is the application of one or more of environmental science, green chemistry, environmental monitoring and electronic devices to monitor, model and conserve the natural environment and resources, and to curb the negative impacts of human involvement. The term is also used to describe sustainable energy generation technologies such as photovoltaic, wind turbines, bioreactors, etc. Sustainable development is the core of environmental technologies. The term environmental technologies also used to describe a class of electronic devices that can promote sustainable management of resources. The present expectation is that this field will bring innovation and changes in daily life of similar magnitude to the "information technology" explosion over the last two decades. In these early stages, it is impossible to predict what "green technology" may eventually encompass. WHY DO WE NEED GREEN TECHNOLOGY? [pic] Summary: Green technology, an environmentally friendly technology is developed and used in a way that protects the environment and conserves natural resources. A part of the renewable energy branch of the environmental technology movement, the...
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...WAI Solar charger | Tutor NameMam MalihaGroup LeaderM.Imran 11383Group Members Roll NumM. Waqas Iftikhar 11306Ali Riaz Chaudhery 11335Muzzamil Attique Topic: Marketing PlanProduct: Solar Mobile chargerName: WAI Cell phone charger | Introduction .Our New Innovation Product: Solar charger for Mobile Name : WAI Solar Mobile Charger. Solar energy has been common we are innovating in the product of solar energy which is that solar energy charger we are launching it because we are know that there are so many problem people face sometime in the charging of cell phone and due to energy crises load shading we are launching it that people can get more benefit from it The main advantage behind the invention of these solar powered cell phone charges is to save large amount of electrical energy. The solar panels of which will help in converting the solar energy from the sun into electrical energy through various reactions. Other advantages of solar powered cell phone charges reside in the fact that they allow you to access power outside the national grid. You can charge yours phones even while traveling without depending on electricity. This property has made it possible to make use of these cell phone chargers at any possible place. Vision To become a...
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...Title: SOLAR ENERGY: “SUNLIGHT into USEFUL ELECTRICITY” >Introduction< In today's climate of growing energy needs and increasing environmental concern, alternatives to the use of non-renewable and polluting fossil fuels have to be investigated. One such alternative is solar energy. Solar energy is quite simply the energy produced directly by the sun and collected elsewhere, normally the Earth. The sun creates its energy through a thermonuclear process that converts about 650,000,000 tons of hydrogen to helium every second. The process creates heat and electromagnetic radiation. The heat remains in the sun and is instrumental in maintaining the thermonuclear reaction. The electromagnetic radiation (including visible light, infra-red light, and ultra-violet radiation) streams out into space in all directions. Only a very small fraction of the total radiation produced reaches the Earth. The radiation that does reach the Earth is the indirect source of nearly every type of energy used today. The exceptions are geothermal energy, and nuclear fission and fusion. Even fossil fuels owe their origins to the sun; they were once living plants and animals whose life was dependent upon the sun. The sun is an inexhaustible source of energy. Solar energy is radiant energy from the sun caused by nuclear fusion in the sun’s core. The sun’s radiant energy reaches the earth in rays of sunlight. Solar energy in the form of heat and light sustains life on earth. Solar energy can...
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...Electrical Power Assignment 1 Task 3 – Q4 3 Phase Transformer Construction Diagram Description As shown in the diagram above, a three phase has three sets of iron cores instead of the one of a single phase transformer. Each ‘leg’ of the transformer has its own primary and secondary windings. Each primary winding will have the same amount of coils as will each secondary winding. The three primary windings (shown above as P1, P2 and P3) and the secondary windings (shown above as S1, S2 and S3) can be connected in either a star or delta arrangement to give a required output. Also the output could be wired in a zigzag arrangement for special purposes where a phase shift of 30° is required. Core Types There are a few different types of core that are used in transformers, some are described below: Solid Cores Solid cores are just made of solid iron and are used in circuits such as switch mode power supplies which operate above mains frequencies and even up to a few kHz. The materials used in these cores combine high magnetic permeability with high electrical resistivity. Laminated Steel Cores These cores are made from layers of high permeability silicon steel and are usually used at power and audio frequencies. They are used because in a solid core at high frequencies ‘eddy currents’ are formed. The laminations confine eddy currents inside each lamination and so decrease the losses. Air Cores An air core is simply a transformer without any core at...
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...vice versa. Reasons for beta has low value. Competition in the industry. This trend has increased over the past five years. Utilities companies have law beta values. Because of utilities require significant infrastructure these firms often carry large amounts of debt. With high debt load utilities companies become sensitive to changes in the interest rate. The utilities sector perform best when interest rates are falling or remain low. Internal factors. Competition in the industry, competes with each other with low price. Electricity is homogeneous product, it is difficult for retailers to differentiate the product. External factors. Competition includes competition from substitute products and service. Ex: Gas, Solar power. Criticisms of beta. * Beta is historic calculation. * How many years to consider. * Company’s activities are need to consider to take a decision about risk. Why origin Energy has high beta. Origin Energy is involve with exploration and production activities of Oil and Gas. Beta < 1 the investment has less systematic risk than the market. Standard Deviation calculation: 5.0% Expected rate of return: 0.02% SLIDE 8 The standard deviation is calculate the risk of one single stock. Tighter the probability distribution of expected future returns the smaller the risk of a given investment. Coefficient of variation shows the risk per unit of return. Due to very low expected rate of return our Coefficient...
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...intriguing law. That’s because it keeps you tracing back energy to the beginning of time. I’ll explain briefly the first two laws of thermodynamics. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be destroyed nor created. It can only be transferred or converted. An example of how it’s applied to human life would be electricity. The computer im using to write this or you to read this is run by energy. The computer itself isn’t made of energy. The energy or electricity was transferred from somewhere else. The first law of thermodynamics basically explains that this energy had to come from somewhere. We all know that our computer is powered by electricity. The question where did it come from. If you aren’t already aware it came from a power plant. Let’s say it was a hydroelectric plant. A hydro plant is confined in a dam which blocks a river. Rivers contain kinetic energy which means its flowing. What the dam is doing is “converting” that energy into potential energy by blocking it. Things in motion stay in motion and the river wants to flow but the dam is storing the potential energy. That energy in the long run is transferred to your computer by a bunch of machines using the stored and released energy. The second law of thermodynamics states that not all energy can be used. One thing to remember is energy is slowly lost over time. Let’s take the example of having your car break down or run out of gas and you need to push it down the street to the gas station. As you apply...
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...in infrastructure projects. Bangladesh inherited underdeveloped and unevenly distributed infrastructure and transportation networks. Poor and inefficient infrastructure undermined the economic development in the country, and only recently has the government been able to address the problem systematically and channel investments towards expanding its highways, railroads, seaports, and airports. In this term paper I have discussed the past and current situation of the country’s 2 sectors of infrastructure i.e. communication (roads) and Power (solar) sector and their contribution towards the development of our economy. 2. Bangladesh Infrastructure: Power and Communication Bangladesh belongs to the group of countries with the lowest commercial energy consumption per head in the world. The CIA estimated that in 1999 the country produced 12.5 billion kWh, 85 percent of which was produced using gas, 7.0 percent was produced at hydroelectric power plants, and around 8 percent by using liquid fuel. According to the EIU Country Profile, 85 percent of households in...
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...Will Alternative Energy Technology bring the Greenback to Michigan’s Economy? By Sherry Underwood 28, November 2010 “The opportunity to create new Michigan jobs rests overwhelmingly with the clean energy, green-collar economy. We know the combination of these targeted efforts, coupled with the determination of Michigan’s workers’ to embrace the green economy, will help transform our state.” Michigan Green Jobs Report 2009 Occupations & Employment in the New Green Economy On Thursday November 18, 2010, Oakland Community Colleges Student LIFE and OCCSustainability groups hosted Stanley “Skip” Pruss at the Smith Theatre on the Orchard Ridge Campus as he presented his lecture Is Sustainability the Key to Michigan’s Economic Recovery?. Mr. Pruss was most recently the director of Michigan’s newly established Department of Energy, Labor and Economic Growth and Michigan’s Chief Energy Officer, and served as Governor Granholm’s Special Advisor for Renewable Energy and the Environment, as well as the Deputy Director of the Department of Environmental Quality. Mr. Pruss has just been appointed to advise United States Secretary of Energy, Dr. Steven Chu. His lecture, Is Sustainability the Key to Michigan’s Economic Recovery? was warmly received by both students and facility. During the address, Mr. Pruss cited issues other than greenhouse gas emission that threaten our world like, depletion of marine stock, soil erosion, ground water withdrawals, deforestation, and biodiversity loss...
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...Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Solar Energy 98 (2013) 167–179 www.elsevier.com/locate/solener Ensuring long term investment for large scale solar power stations: Hedging instruments for green power A. Radchik a,⇑, I. Skryabin b, J. Maisano c, A. Novikov d, T. Gazarian e Mathematics & Statistics, Faculty of Science, UTS and Director GTS Pty. Ltd., Suite 2, 16 Figtree Avenue, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia b Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Australian National University, Canberra 2000, Australia c Energy Markets, TTA Pty. Ltd., Suite 12, L6, 321 Pitt St., Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia d School of Mathematics & Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia e School of Mathematics & Statistics, Faculty of Science, UTS, 1 Stella Vista Pl, Greenwich, NSW 2065, Australia Available online 29 March 2013 Communicated by: Associate Editor Frank Vignola a Abstract There is a general consensus that solar power is one of the cleanest energy technologies available. Nevertheless, investment in largescale Solar Power Generators (SPGs) is largely impeded by the intermittent nature of solar power. Since the electricity market has a critical responsibility to maintain the reliability of energy supply, the SPG can be registered only as the market semi-scheduled generator (AEMC, 2011). This option excludes the advantages of providing baseload supply, which in turn impedes efficient market contracting for SPGs...
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