...Solitary confinement has been around for centuries, which may have started in the early 1800s. The purpose of solitary confinement is to segregate individuals who have committed horrendous crimes, put other inmates lives in danger, and possibly breaking a rule while being incarcerated. Solitary confinement isolates inmates in small units, inmates are usually isolated for 23 hours a day, ranging from weeks, months, and years. Inmates serving time in solitary confinement for long periods of time either change and better themselves others become mentally break down. Solitary confinement is cruel and ineffective, because harming individuals mentally is inhumane, there needs to be reforms, not to mention these isolated units increase the taxpayers...
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...Penitentiary Ideal and Models of American Prison Paper Patricia Ann Long CJS/230 November 20, 2011 Amanda Eicher Abstract The ideal for penitentiary is to keep the criminals off the streets, so that he or she cannot continue to commit crime in the society. Penitentiary ideal purposes were both secular and spiritual (Foster, "Chapter 2/The Penitentiary Ideal," 2006). The two prison models are Eastern State and Auburn. Explain the difference between both of the two prison models. The differences are the cell’s size, exercise yard, confinement to the cells, and the places that the inmates work at in the penitentiary. Penitentiary has its own benefits and drawback because no system is perfect. Some benefits are inmates not allowed to communicate with the other inmates, way that the penitentiary has the inmates working instead of his or her staying in the cell doing nothing during the day. Some drawback is that the inmates at Eastern State do not see other people during the day and for Auburn the inmates are interacting with each other on a daily basic, and it could cause problem with some of the inmates. The winning model is the Auburn because of it is affordable, productivity, and efficient management. The Eastern State is the idea penitentiary but the government has to use the affordable method that found. Penitentiary Ideal and Models of American Prison Paper The ideal of penitentiary is for the criminals have a place that isolated him or her away from other...
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...What is important in a long-term mate? Methods: Participants * 78 participants were solicited at O’Hare International Airport. * 37 women aged 23-55 and 34 men aged 21-59. * They were 83.7% Caucasian, 4.2% Asian, 4.2% Hispanic, 1.4% Middle Eastern, 1.4% Native American, and 1.4% other. * 52.1% were currently married. * The median income category was $30,000 to $45,000. * The median education was a 4-year college degree. Materials and Procedure * A page of instructions, three mate design pages, and one page for demographics. * Participants were asked to design their ideal marriage partner. * Each decile level corresponded clearly from 0-10. * Each page specified a different budget constraint- 20 (low), 40 (medium), 60 (high) mate dollars. Results: * The dependent variables were percentages spent on each characteristic. * Planned contrasts were used to test each prediction. Spending for Necessities with a Low Budget: * Women spent the highest proportion of their low budget on intelligence and yearly income. * The planned contrast was… * Men spent the highest proportion of their low budgets on physical attractiveness and intelligence. * The planned contrast was… Spending Across Budgets- Low Income Versus High Income Consumption: * Both sexes had different spending patterns across the three budget levels. * For women- yearly income * For men- physical attractiveness * The sex differences on physical...
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... by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Her husband, a doctor, has taken her to a summer vacation home for rest therapy; however, the woman's condition worsens and she starts to see some disturbing images in the wallpaper of the room in which she is confined. She tries to tell her husband without success and with time sees the images more and more frequently. At the end of the story, she locks herself in her room and tries to tear off the wallpaper. The yellow wallpaper in the story represents the protagonist’s feeling of oppression by her husband and society at large. Early on in her encounters with the wallpaper she describes its ugliness as “flamboyant” with “…patterns committing every artistic sin”, which symbolizes the ugliness of the confinement in which she finds herself (480). As time passes in the story, the wallpaper starts to grow on her and she starts to obsess over it. When she says the wallpaper “[knows] what a vicious influence it [has]” over her, she begins to describe the wallpaper as if it is alive (481). As she slowly starts to loose her sanity, she starts to see the pattern in the wallpaper as the form of a person. She describes the personage as “a woman stooping down and creeping about behind [the] pattern [of the wallpaper]…. as if she wanted to get out” (484). The wallpaper woman is a representation of the narrator being trapped by the strict social norms of society. At this point, the protagonist also begins to wonder what is keeping the woman in the wallpaper...
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...with the thought of the surgery, with no rest even as my parents attempted to provide me with comfort. The taste of salt flavored my mouth from the continuous stream of tears that flowed down my face. The only plausible solution, other than having a heart attack, was to cry myself to sleep. Ring! Ring! The fate of my day rested conveniently in my bomb-drill sounding alarm. Getting dressed was the hardest thing to do as my limbs quivered in fright, and my heart palpitations increased as every second passed on. In attempts of calming myself, I logged onto social media as a distraction from the painful process approaching, but there were countless negative thoughts soaring through my head. The car ride there was like my own personal solitary confinement and all I had left was my emotional indifference. After I gained the courage to walk through the hospital doors, my stomach sank faster than the Titanic. While I sat in the waiting room, my anxiety peaked, causing all of my senses to heighten. The heavy scent of latex gloves and sterilized hospital waiting room flavored the air in a thick smog. I felt rivers of perspiration swiftly flowing out my hands. Getting four teeth surgically removed was one of the worst days of my life. Once the dental assistant called my name, there was no going back. After the nurse entrapped me into the brightly lit surgical room, she put giant headphones over my ears and blasted my favorite music. Soothing sounds from artists such as Taylor Swift, Selena...
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...Long-term solitary confinement could have a negative effect on inmate’s physical and mental well-being. Inmates who are confined to a cell 23 hours out of the day may begin to experience depression, panic attacks, suicidal and decrease in physical appearance such as weight loss. Inmates may lose their social interaction skills because they do not interact with other inmates. Inmates learn to cope with being in small confined spaces and lose focus. “Grassian has since concluded that solitary can cause a specific psychiatric syndrome, characterized by hallucinations; panic attacks; overt paranoia; diminished impulse control; hypersensitivity to external stimuli; and difficulties with thinking, concentration and memory. Some inmates lose the ability...
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...Twenty-three hours a day in a small cramped space. No human contact, no fresh air, no food. This was the fate of Kalief Browder a sixteen-year-old African American boy, who was incarcerated at Rikers Island for allegedly stealing a wallet from a white man. Rikers Island is a 400-acre island in the East River across from LaGuardia Airport that serves as the principal jail complex for New York. There are sixteen jails in New York, ten of which are on Rikers; that why it’s considered one of the largest penal complex. Rikers Island is an unsafe place for people who committed nonviolent crimes and the tribulations that inmates encounter mentally breaks them. By keeping this crumbling building open, it increases the altercations between inmates. The city of New York should permanently close Rikers, it would be a satisfying solution. The safety for inmates is meager. Rikers is a jail where they put nonviolent criminals with violent criminals and a malicious staff. As reported in “Hidden America Inside Rikers Island”, “57 % of Rikers inmates are in jail for nonviolent crimes.” The majority of the Rikers inmate population are made up of nonviolent criminals and they are put with violent criminals. According to “Opinion: Keep Rikers Open, with Strong Leadership”, it states, “Inmate-on-inmate violence averaged between 100 to 150 stabbings and slashing per months, overtime was running at $112 million a year and staff stick abuse was an average of 22 days a year, higher than any other...
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...Miranda Turvin May 21, 2012 ENC 1102 Descriptive Essay Working to find my inner peace, I go from place to place just looking for the solitude. A warm, comforting place that I may call my own. That place has been found and not many can claim it for it is mine. Out in the rolling country side of Fort Meade, Florida is a dream just unfolding. The Sunkist sunrise and sunset, the breath taking stars, and the calm, solitary squeeze against my being just makes it all the more better. On the outskirts of the Lilliputian town there is nothing more than the everlasting land where it’s hard to tell where the sky starts and where it stops. Nothing more than a relationship between nature and myself. Cool breezes drag the scent of pine trees and water through the air and the grass grows tall and dark green. Hawks, pigeons, and quails make beautiful music as their aria begins to sync. So the only sounds you can hear are the arias being sung and the wind blowing through my hair. The sunset glows of many pinks, yellows, lavenders, and blues as the day begins to kiss the land goodnight. The numerous birds flee to their nests as they begin to drift into slumber as the night is just beginning. The luminous moon rises to the center of the dark, velvet curtain. Its illumination kisses every tree, strand of grass, and the mist obscuring the few houses that scatter the land. Although the birds are nestled in their homes, the foxes, raccoons, and creatures of the night come out to find their...
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...A Correctional Point of View As a corrections officer in a California state prison, I won’t boast that I am the most experienced at my job. I’ve only been posted at this prison for 3 years, but being here this long has helped me to discern the kind of relationships that inmates and corrections personnel begin to elope into. I won’t deny seeing my co-workers become friendlier with certain inmates than others. I won’t even deny that my co-workers snuck stuff like porno magazines and cigarettes in here beneath their jacket to give to certain inmates either. Respect however, goes a long way here in California State Penitentiary, regardless whether it’s right or corrupt. I think that this is the biggest issue in this prison, the abuse of our legitimate power. Most of us are able to come into work and do our jobs respectively; we get a new inmate, we process him or her, get him or her clothed and secure their belongings, and then it’s off to whatever assigned cell he or she has. If the inmate has questions or requires assistance, that’s what we’re here for; given the inmate hasn’t had a track record of misconducts. Most of us, including myself, enjoy our jobs here; those that see it my way, feel that we’re doing a service to our community, straightening out the lives of the people here behind bars. Diaz, a fellow officer of mine whom I’ve known for at least 3 months is an experienced vet at this detainment facility. Last week, a prisoner was sent to the Special...
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...On Solitary Confinement An Exploration Of An Age-Old Method of Punishment Solitary confinement is defined as the isolation of inmates and limiting their human contact in prison. From its birth in the late 1700s to its more widespread usage in recent history, solitary confinement has grown to be a considerable tool in the arsenal of the United States prison system’s methods of controlling its enormous prison population, shown by an increase in the construction of “Supermax” prisons, maximum-security prisons with units specifically designated to isolate inmates. With solitary confinement’s recent uptick in usage throughout the United States on both the federal and state level, questions have arisen about its implementation, its effects on the prison population, and its ethical implications. With it becoming apparent that solitary confinement will continue to play a large role in the United States correction system in the future, it is important to explore the answers to these questions. In this essay, we will explore these questions in order to understand solitary confinement more fully. History Defined fully as, “…confinement of a prisoner alone in a cell for all or nearly all of the day, with minimal environmental stimulation and minimal opportunity for social interaction,” (trauma of psychological torture 113) solitary confinement strives to eliminate the stimulus of senses such as sight, touch, and hearing, with the elimination of stimulus and social interaction...
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...LEARNING UNIT: Critical Studies: Interior Design, 3rd Year. MODULE TITLE: Environmental Psychology (Psychology Of Space) SEMESTER: One TERM: One STUDENT NAME: Natasha Millar STUDENT NUMBER: 13-015 | | Environmental Psychology examines the interrelationship between environments and human effect, cognition and behaviour (Bechtel & Churchman 2002:187). The environment in which we are situated influences our behaviour and correspondingly our behaviour influences our environment (Kopec 2012:1). Using Kopec’s Cognitive, Socio-cultural and Neurobiology perspectives, I will be analysing four spaces within Section 4 of Constitution Hill, and how these environments have psychologically impacted on the prisoners by visually analysing the prison through the use of illustrations and research. The Socio-Cultural perspective explores behavioural and learning perspectives. Our daily social conditions such as status, gender norms and expectations, operate in conjunction with cultural traits such as tradition, ethnicity and our religious beliefs, in order to produce certain behaviours (Kopec 2012:5). The Cognitive behavioural theory focuses on the way in which we process information and how that information then affects our behaviour (Kopec 2012:5). This particular perspective will focus on how a prisoner gains knowledge, or becomes aware of events or objects within his environment...
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...All of these disorders impair normal functioning of the human brain and therefore it would be cruel to sentence them to harsh punishment in prison. For example, solitary confinement, as previously discussed, results in adverse psychological effects. Locking a mentally ill prisoner in a dark room for twenty hours a day will worsen their sanity and increase risks of suicide and recidivism if or when released. This is completely unnecessary and harmful when what many prisoners need is mental health treatment. When they do not receive it, their condition will worsen. When put in an inhumane environment, their mental health will deteriorate. It would be a more effective method of management to implement psychotherapy or behaviour modification as a form of treatment for these offenders to target the root cause of their crime, which will minimize the likelihood of them reoffending. This has been studied and discovered to be true, as Vanderbilt...
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...point of prison, and in more specific, solitary confinement, is rehabilitation it becomes very clear that there is a cost involved in keeping inmates incarcerated, and these costs befall the tax payers. It’s costly enough to house one inmate in a regular prison, but even more so when the inmate is in solitary confinement. With reports by the Bureau of Justice, the prison population is already at nearly a staggering two million. Out of those two million, over eighty-thousand are in solitary and the costs quickly add up (Adkins 210). Furthermore, these figures don’t include criminals in jails or juvenile correction facilities, so the cost is even greater (“Key Statistics: Prisoners”). It’s been reported by NPR, in an article titled...
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...When speaking about solitary confinement, it is called by many different names such as the hotbox, the hole, lockdown, SC and the SHU. The practice of solitary confinement is used when an inmate is considered dangerous to themselves or others. It is where prisoners spend 23 hours of a day alone in their cell in separation from anyone and have no contact, though often with the exception of members of prison staff. This is sometimes having been called as a form of punishment which is beyond incarceration for a prisoner and has been named as an additional measure of protection for the inmate. This form of punishment is also given to anyone that violations the prison regulations. It is also used as a form of protective custody and to prevent in...
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...Belinda Magana, a 29-year-old from California, was sentenced to death on May 1 after being charged for the murder of her son. Magana's son, Malachi, was just two years old when he died. She was arrested for beating him and denying him the medical care he needed after he was burned with scalding hot water. Officials believe that Magana's neglect ultimately lead to her son's death. Her 43-year-old boyfriend, Naresh Narine, was also sentenced to death as an accomplice in the murder. Magana's son died in 2009, but the two were just found guilty first-degree murder, torture, and abuse in January. Judge Bernard Schwartz of the Riverside County Superior Court recommended that different juries be appointed to the trials. Schwartz also referred to...
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