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Sources Of Water Essay

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Sources of water can be springs, wells, rivers, lakes, boreholes and streams. A water source should consistently yield a quantity of water sufficient to satisfy the requirements of the consumer.
Streams and rivers
Streams and rivers offer more reliable yields but may be susceptible to pollution and exhibit variable quality. The risk and extent of pollution depends on the catchment and the activities being undertaken on it. Small streams often exhibit variable quality because of the activities of man and animals within the catchment. The quality of surface waters may show a strong seasonal variability. Turbidity may be highest following periods of heavy rainfall. Water treatment will require a minimum of filtration and disinfection and should be designed for the worst expected raw water quality. A small reservoir or tank installed at the source can provide a period of settlement and reduce the variability in water quality.
2.2.3 Source protection
Streams and rivers
Pollution and natural variations in water quality are the main problems associated with stream and river sources that need to be considered when siting and constructing an intake. Water may be pumped directly from the stream or river or it may be collected from the ground in the …show more content…
Health risks from poor quality water can be due to microbiological or chemical contamination. Microbiological contamination is usually the most important to human health as this can lead to infectious diseases. Chemical contamination, with the exception of a few substances such as cyanide and nitrate, tends to represent a more long-term health risk. Substances in water which affect its appearance, odour or taste may make water objectionable to consumers. As microorganisms can be associated with particles in water, physical contamination may also represent a health risk as it makes disinfection more

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