Premium Essay

Sp vs P

In:

Submitted By fmhaeia
Words 1468
Pages 6
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Rationale of the Study One of the first decisions you will need to make in starting a business is choosing a form of ownership. This section will lead you through your options and present the advantages and disadvantages of each (Hatten, 2006). When entrepreneurs establish a business, they must decide on the form of business ownership. There are different types of business ownership, and the type that is chosen can affect the profitability, risk, and value of the firm (Madura, 2004). Sole proprietorship, as the simple and easy to form type of business, is a business that is owned by one person. The vast majority of small business starts out as sole proprietorships. Sole proprietors own all the assets of the business and the profits generated by it. Most small business owners prefer the proprietorship because it is simple to enter, operate, and terminate and provides for relative freedom of action and control (Megginson, et al., 2000). On the other hand, partnership is defined as a voluntary association of two or more persons to carry on as co-owners of a business for profit. Like proprietorships, the law does not distinguish the business and its owners. The partner should have a legal agreement that sets forth how decisions will be made, how profits will be shared, how disputes will be resolved, how future partners will be admitted to the partnership, how partners can be bought out, and what steps will be taken to dissolve the partnership when needed. Yes, it is hard to think about a “breakup” when the business is just getting started, but many partnerships split up at a crisis times, and unless there is a defined process, there will be even greater problems. Partnership is similar to the proprietorship but is more difficult to form, operate, and terminate. Partnerships, however, are generally more effective than proprietorships in

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Kho vs. Halili

...Republic of the Philippines COURT OF APPEALS MANILA EIGHTH (8th) DIVISION ***** HAYDEN KHO, JR., CA-G.R. SP. NO. 121130 Petitioner, Members: -versus- MA. KATRINA IREN P. HALILI, Respondent. TIJAM, N.G., Chairman, BARZA, R.F. and SORONGON, E.D. JJ. Promulgated: ____________________ x---------------------------------------------x DECISION •SORONGON, E.D., J. : It is axiomatic that a license to practice a profession is not an inherent right but a mere privilege burdened with responsibilities. Possession of the qualifications prescribed by law prior to admission to a profession is not only a prerequisite to the grant of a license but a continuing requirement. Towards this end, the State, by virtue of its general police power, may suspend or revoke the professional license of an erring registered professional, in this case a medical practitioner, showing any fault or deficiency in his moral character, honesty, probity or good demeanor. CA-G.R. SP. NO. 121130 DECISION Page 2 In this Petition for Review under Rule 43 of the 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure, petitioner Hayden Kho, Jr. seeks to reverse and set aside the August 22, 2011 Decision 1 of the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) in Administrative Case No. A-373 which affirmed the earlier Decision2 of the Board of Medicine dated November 20, 2009 finding him guilty of Immorality, Dishonorable and/or Unethical Conduct and the latter's subsequent Order 3 dated February 8, 2010 denying petitioner's Motion for Reconsideration...

Words: 5371 - Pages: 22

Premium Essay

Hp Stuff

...units *+$1.30 for each unit of A beyond 1800 units. +$0.90 for each unit of B beyond 5400 units* X = (FC + NI1)/WACM1 + NI2/WACM2* NI = NI1 + NI 2 = $19800*XB/E = 6000 units*NI = (7200-6000)x4= $4800*NI2 = 19800-4800 = $15000*X = (24000 +4800)/4.00 + 15000/3.00*X = 12200 units*Made up of 3050 units of A and 9150 units of B___ Slope changes before B/E TFC = FC1 + FC2 = $24000*Also, FC1 = 4000 x 4 = $16000*FC2 = $8000*NI = $16000*Now,*XNI= FC1/WACM1 + (FC2 + NI)/WACM2 = 16000/4.00 + (8000 + 16000)/3.00= 12000 units made up of 3,000 units of A. NI1-NI2* NI = -FC + CM/unit x X .(1) 65,000 = -FC + 25,000 x CM/u *(2) -20,000 = -FC + 8,000 x CM/u. (1) – (2) = 85,000 = 17,000 x CM/u* CM/unit = $5. Substitute CM into equation 1 or 2. Direct vs. Absorption. FG’s 19X9. Beg Inv 15,000. Prdct 15,000. Sales 20,000. Direct costs of manu 100,000 finished goods units are: (rate is same for 19X9 as well as for beg inv in 19X9). Direct Mtls $350,000. Direct LBr $700,000. (=100,000 hours). The total (fixed and variable) OHD AR is $7.50 per DL hour based on normal production level of 100,000 hours, of which $3.50 per hour is variable. Also apply to FG. also begi inv in 19X9. WIP is 0. Variable selling exps are $2.00 per unit sold. Fixed selling and admini costs are $44,000 per year. The selling price is $30 per unit. OUOHD is written off to COGS. *(FOH) charged to the period under direct costing = F * D. = $4.00/unit * 100,000 units. Under Absorption Costing, the under applied fixed...

Words: 983 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Cfd Modelling

...Impact Analysis of Overflow Spillway on U/S Flows & Hydraulic Structure using CFD Technique – A Case Study of Marala HPP Ali Nawaz Khan1, Muhammad Kaleem Sarwar2, Dr. Sajid Mehmood3, Azhar Bashir Magsi4 1. 2. 3. 4. Research fellow and corresponding author, Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Pakistan. E-mail: alinawaz.ce@gmail.com, Assistant Professor, Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Pakistan. E-mail: eng_Kaleem@yahoo.com Assistant Professor, Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Pakistan. E-mail: smahmoodpk@yahoo.com Project Manager, Sinotec Co., Ltd., Lahore, Pakistan. E-mail: azhar_magsi@yahoo.com Abstract Barrages and canal falls are considered as a readily available option for hydropower generation as the pre-requisites of water and head are conveniently available on such sites. Most important aspect of such scheme is to set the levels of hydraulic structures so that there is absolutely no disturbance to the irrigation flows which is the basic purpose of the barrage and canal network. At the same time finding the optimum level for the proposed structures so that the maximum hydropower benefits are yielded through the scheme without compromising the safety. Present study intends to investigate the same for Marala Hydropower Project (MHP) proposed on Upper...

Words: 3280 - Pages: 14

Premium Essay

Geographic Information Systems

...An Extended Entity-Relationship Model for Geographic Applications * Thanasis Hadzilacos Computer Technology Institute, University of Patras Box 1122, GR-26110, Patras, Greece thh@cti.gr Nectaria Tryfona National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis Univ. of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5711, U.S.A nectaria@spatial.maine.edu Abstract. A special-purpose extension of the EntityRelationship model for the needs of conceptual modeling of geographic applications, called the Geo-ER Model, is presented. Handling properties associated to objects not because of the objects’ nature but because of the objects’ position, calls for dealing -at the semantic modeling levelwith space, location and dimensionality of objects, spatial relationships, space-depending attributes, and scale and generalization of representations. In order to accomplish this in the framework of ER and its derivatives, we introduce special entity sets, relationships, and add new constructs. The rationale as well as examples of usage of the Geo-ER model from actual projects are presented. 1. Introduction Is everybody special or are we all alike? Should we develop applications according to a special methodology for each class of applications, such as medical, business process and geographic, or should we use a single blanket approach for all? Personal preferences and philosophical discussions aside, it does seem that the general purpose side has won most battles in computer science, from hardware to programming languages...

Words: 4100 - Pages: 17

Premium Essay

Top Down Network Design

...model); this is mapped to a physical model in physical design. ER Model used to interpret, specify & document requirements for DBs irrespective of DBMS being used. Planning/ Analysis Data Model (ER Diagram) Logical DB Conceptual Design Logical Data Model (Relational, Normal Form) Physical DB Design Physical Data Model (Tables with P., F. Keys etc) Implementation (c) Martin Crane 2011 CA218 Introduction to Databases Notes • Entity (Instance): ER Definitions Student – An instance of a physical object in the real world. – Entity Class: Group of objects of the same type. – E.g. Entity Class “Student”, Entities “John”, “Trish” etc • Attributes: – Properties of Entities that describe their characteristics. – Types: • Simple: Attribute that is not divisible, e.g. age. • Composite: Attribute composed of several simple attributes, e.g. address (house number, street, district) • Multiple : Attribute with a set of possible values for the same entity, e.g. Phone (home, mobile etc.) or email • Key: Uniquely Ids the Entity e.g. PPSN, Chassis No. – Value Set (or domain): Each simple attribute associated with a VS that may be assigned to that attribute for each individual entity, e.g. age =...

Words: 1936 - Pages: 8

Free Essay

Probotics

...placebo twice daily for 8 weeks after a 2-week run-in period. Pre- and posttreatment gastrointestinal transit measurements were performed in all patients. Patients recorded their bowel function and symptoms daily in a diary during the 10-week study, which was powered to detect a 50% change in the primary colonic transit end-point. Results: There were no significant differences in mean gastrointestinal transit measurements, bowel function scores or satisfactory global symptom relief between the two treatment groups, pre- or post-therapy. Differences in abdominal bloating scores between treatments were borderline significant (P ¼ 0.09, analysis of covariance). Further analysis revealed that abdominal bloating was reduced (P ¼ 0.046) with VSL#3 [mean post- minus pre-treatment score, ) 13.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), ) 2.5 to ) 24.9], but not with placebo (P ¼ 0.54) (mean post- minus pre-treatment score, ) 1.7; 95% CI, 7.1 to ) 10.4). With the exception of changes in abdominal bloating, VSL#3 had no effect...

Words: 6902 - Pages: 28

Premium Essay

Sp Setia Ratio Analysis

...SP SETIA BHD REVENUE Periods 2010 2011 2012 January 363.896 518.885 491.581 April 409.074 496.753 617.199 July 414.902 583.469 654.192 October 557.998 633.366 Note: Units in Millions of Ringgit EARNINGS PER SHARE Periods 2010 2011 2012 January 0.02466 0.03785 0.03857 April 0.03296 0.05149 0.04701 July 0.05622 0.04836 0.05091 October 0.04792 0.04396 Note: Units in Ringgit CONSENSUS ESTIMATES ANALYSIS # of Estimates Mean High Low 1 Year Ago SALES (in millions) Year Ending Oct-12 19 2,509.65 2,742.27 2,298.29 2,386.61 Year Ending Oct-13 19 2,950.45 3,527.76 2,447.41 2,840.97 EARNINGS (per share) Year Ending Oct-12 20 19.31 23.30 15.60 18.78 Year Ending Oct-13 20 22.68 28.10 17.90 21.84 LT Growth Rate (%) 3 12.87 15.00 11.04 12.62 Sales and Earnings Figures in U.S. Dollars (USD) VALUATION RATIOS Company Industry Sector P/E Ratio (TTM) 20.01 96.90 33.27 P/E High - Last 5 Yrs. 23.11 483.43 133.30 P/E Low - Last 5 Yrs. 13.21 453.19 82.84 Beta 1.20 1.22 1.22 Price to Sales (TTM) 3.02 8.10 5.44 Price to Book (MRQ) 1.81 1.16 1.56 Price to Tangible Book (MRQ) 1.81 1.99 2.06 Price to Cash Flow (TTM) -- 18.21 13.17 Price to Free Cash Flow (TTM) -- 23.69 5.83 % Owned Institutions -- -- -- DIVIDENDS Company Industry Sector Dividend Yield 3.88 0.66 1.99 Dividend Yield - 5 Year Avg. 3.07 0.67 1.74 Dividend 5 Year Growth Rate 1.81 1.00 7.48 Payout Ratio(TTM) 56.04 14.89 23.83 GROWTH RATES Company Industry Sector Sales...

Words: 704 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Solutions

...when the intrinsic carrier density ni equals the lowest doping density in the pn juinction structure (the n-side in this problem). Thus È q Eg 1 1 ˘ Ï ¸ ni(Ti) = Nd = 1014 = 1010 exp Í - 2k ÌT - 300˝˙ Î Ó i ˛˚ Solving for Ti using Eg = 1.1 eV, k = 1.4x10-23 [1/°K] yields Ti = 262 °C or 535 °K. 19-2. 1 1 N-side resistivity rn = q m N = -19)(1500)(1014) = 43.5 ohm-cm (1.6x10 n d 1 1 P-side resistivity rp = q m N = = 0.013 ohm-cm p a (1.6x10-19)(500)(1018) 19-3. Material is n-type with Nd = 1013 cm-3 >> ni = 1010 cm-3. Hence use approximate formulas given in Chapter 19. 2 ni n = Nd = 1013 cm-3 ; p = N d 1020 = 1013 = 107 cm-3 19-4. po = 2 ni [300] Nd ; 2po = 2 ni [300 + T] Nd ; È q Eg Ï1 1 ¸˘ 2x1010 = 1010 exp Í - 2k ÌT - 300˝˙ Î ˚ Ó ˛ 2 2 2 ni [300] = ni [300 + T] q Eg 300 Solving for T yields T = (q E - k 300 ln(2)) = 305.2 °K g DT = 305.2 - 300 = 5.2 °K. 19-5. q V1 I1 = Is exp( k T q V1 + dV ; 10 I1 = Is exp( k T ) ; kT dV = q ln(10) = 60 mV 19-6. (a) xn(0) = depletion layer width on n-side at zero bias; xp(0) = depletion layer width on p-side at zero bias. xn(0) + xp(0) = Wo = 2 e fc (Na + Nd) q Na Nd (1) È 1014 1015˘ k T È Na Nd˘ Í ˙ ˙ = 0.026 ln Í fc = q ln Í 2 ˙ Î 1020 ˚ = 0.54 eV Î ni ˚ Conservation of charge: q Na xp = q Nd xn (2) Solving (1) and (2) simultaneously gives using the numerical values given in the problem statement gives: W o = 2.8 microns ; xn(0) = 2.55 microns ; xp(0) = 0.25 microns (b)...

Words: 9163 - Pages: 37

Premium Essay

Research on Gold Price

...International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research, Vol. 9, No. 2, (2011): 145-165 STUDY ON DYNAMIC RELATIONSHIP AMONG GOLD PRICE, OIL PRICE, EXCHANGE RATE AND STOCK MARKET RETURNS K. S. Sujit1 and B. Rajesh Kumar2 Abstract: The dynamic and complex relationship among economic variables has attracted the researchers, policy makers and business people alike. This study is an attempt to test the dynamic relationship among gold price, stock returns, exchange rate and oil price. All these variables have witnessed significant changes over time and hence, it is absolutely necessary to validate the relationship periodically. This study takes daily data from 2nd January 1998 to 5th June 2011, constituting 3485 observations. Using techniques of time series the study tried to capture dynamic and stable relationship among these variables using vector autoregressive and cointegration technique. The results show that exchange rate is highly affected by changes in other variables. However, stock market has fewer roles in affecting the exchange rate. In this study we tested two models and one model suggests that there is weak long term relationship among variables. JEL classification: C22; E3; Keywords: Unit root tests; granger causality test, Cointegration; Vector auto regression (VAR) INTRODUCTION Gold was one of the first metals humans excavated. Gold as an asset has a hybrid nature: it is a commodity used in many industries but also it has maintained throughout history...

Words: 9171 - Pages: 37

Free Essay

Concrete

...STUDY REPORT No. 146 (2005) Reactive Powder Concrete N.P. Lee & D.H. Chisholm The work reported here was funded by Building Research Levy. © BRANZ 2006 ISSN: 0113-3675 Preface The low flexural tensile strength of concrete has a number of undesirable consequences for its performance as an effective building material. These include the necessity for auxiliary steel reinforcement and the requirement for thick-sectioned members that are both aesthetically unappealing and consume significant quantities of aggregates. The aggregates are an increasingly scarce resource in many urban areas. An emerging technology with the potential to overcome these limitations is reactive powder concrete (RPC). RPC is a cold-cast cementitious material in which the mechanical properties of the composite matrix are improved by (i) suppression of the weak interfacial transition zone normally developed around the aggregate through improved particle packing and (ii) refinement of the hydrated paste microstructure by extensive use of pozzolanic silica and elevated temperature curing. Tensile capacity is provided by steel micro-fibres rather than conventional reinforcement. The result is a material with the potential for flexural strength up to 50 MPa and ductility and energy absorption values approaching those of steel. The low and non-connected porosity of RPC also render it extremely durable. RPC offers the possibility of building with concrete using slender members in a ‘steel-like’ ...

Words: 10592 - Pages: 43

Premium Essay

Natural Gas Outlook

...Barring any weather-driven catastrophe or a dramatic decline in inventories, Standard & Poor’s Economics believes that annual average Henry Hub bid-week prices will remain below the 10-year average through at least 2013, with some volatility, but less than that seen in 2008. As of May 23, 2012, its projection for Henry Hub bid-week price was $2.50 in 2012 (compared with $3.99 in 2011), and $3.67 in 2013. Currency issues also have an effect on natural gas prices in the US. For example, should the value of the US dollar weaken against the Canadian dollar, the costs of Canadian natural gas could rise, which would put upward pressure on prices. This could increase the attractiveness of regions where production is more expensive, thus allowing additional supplies to enter the market and potentially limiting how high prices could go. Higher consumption seen in 2012 and in 2013 In its Short-Term Energy Outlook published June 12, 2012, the Energy Information Administration (EIA) projected that total natural gas consumption would increase by 4.3% in 2012 and 2.4% in 2013. Despite the warmer-than-usual winter and the slowdown in withdrawals, the EIA believes that the increase in electric power consumption of natural gas will dwarf the declines that it expects in the residential and commercial sectors. As a result, these people ask whether limited natural gas resources should be squandered on generating electricity when other inexpensive methods of generating power exist The EIA...

Words: 1437 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Gynecology

...significant portion of your grade. The clerkship is generally VERY organized, which you will learn to appreciate as you go through other clerkships. Didactics: There are lectures one day per week, which are mandatory. You will be excused from all clinical duties on your didactic day. Apart from the lectures, you will have quizzes over certain topics in Ob-Gyn (refer to syllabus for schedule). The course textbook (Beckman) is an excellent study guide for these quizzes, but make sure you have the latest edition! Other helpful study resources are the online APGO quizzes, Blue Prints, First Aid and Case Files. You are allowed to wear casual clothes on didactic days. Small Groups: The small group sessions are where you will present your H&P and discuss your patient and treatment options. You will typically present a patient and learning issue in a Powerpoint presentation, but this varies with faculty. This is a good chance to impress a faculty member if you are looking for letters of recommendation. Otherwise, if is a good chance to improve your presentation...

Words: 2137 - Pages: 9

Free Essay

Deposition Technique

...California Institute of Technology Physics 77 Vacuum Techniques and Thin Film Deposition Experiment 3 (October 2001) 1 Introduction Much of modern experimental physics is done under vacuum. Design and construction of vacuum apparatus is one of the most useful ”bread and butter” skills an experimentalist in condensed matter, atomic, or optical physics can have, and the subject of vacuum engineering is a vast one. This lab serves as an introduction to basic vacuum techniques and thin film growth, another often essential skill for condensed matter physicists. This lab is an optional prerequisite for Experiment 10, Condensed Matter Physics at Cryogenic Temperatures, for which you can grow your own samples for Weak Localization measurements if you choose. 2 Pressure and gas flow In vacuum work, pressures are almost always measured in millimeters of mercury, or torr. One torr is just the pressure necessary to support a column of mercury with a height of one millimeter. The conversion to units more familiar to readers of physics textbooks is 1atmosphere = 101kPa = 760torr There are two pressure regimes of interest to the scientist working with vacuum systems, and gases behave differently in each regime. The first, the viscous flow regime, describes the case where gas flows as a fluid, where the mean free path of the gas molecules is much smaller than the dimensions of the apparatus. The second, the molecular flow regime, describes the high-vacuum case, where the mean...

Words: 3525 - Pages: 15

Free Essay

Accepted Manuscript

...Accepted Manuscript The effect of dissolved oxygen on N2O production by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in an enriched nitrifying sludge Lai Peng, Bing-Jie Ni, Dirk Erler, Liu Ye, Zhiguo Yuan PII: DOI: Reference: To appear in: S0043-1354(14)00576-4 10.1016/j.watres.2014.08.009 WR 10816 Water Research Received Date: 13 June 2014 Revised Date: 4 August 2014 Accepted Date: 8 August 2014 Please cite this article as: Peng, L., Ni, B.-J., Erler, D., Ye, L., Yuan, Z., The effect of dissolved oxygen on N2O production by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in an enriched nitrifying sludge, Water Research (2014), doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.08.009. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Graphical Abstract (for review) Specific N2O Production Rate 2.0 2.5 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT (mg N/hr/g VSS) 1.5 100 Contribution of Different Pathways to N2O Production (%) 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 14 M AN U 60 40 20 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 DO Concentration (mg O2/L)   3.5 N2O Emission Factor (%) 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0.0 0.5 EP TE D AC C 0 0.0 ...

Words: 12061 - Pages: 49

Premium Essay

Case Digest

...Anastacio Teodoro v. Atty. Romeo Gonzales AC No. 6760 January 30, 2013 Facts: AnastacioTeodoro filed a complaint against Gonzales for allegedly intentionally committing forum shopping. Gonzales is the counsel of Araceli in two civil cases filed against Anastacio. The first involved the settlement of the estate of Manuela Teodoro and while the case was pending, Gonzales assisted in filing the subsequent case for Annulment of Document, Reconveyance and Damages without indicating the special proceeding earlier filed. According to Anastacio, this was a deliberate act of forum shopping made by Gonzales. Initially, the commissioner found that Gonzales was indeed guilty of forum shopping for the ruling in either case would result in res judicata over the other and that he instituted the subsequent case without indicating the pending case. The commissioner ruled that Gonzales violated Canon 1 of the code for he disregarded the SC circular prohibiting forum shopping.Hence, suspending him for 1 month. However, the board of Governors of the IBP reversed the Commissioner’s recommendation and dismissed the case. Issue: Whether Gonzales committed forum shopping and thereby violating the Code of Professional Responsibility? Held: Yes. The court held that the respondent was guilty of forum shopping. Lawyers should be reminded that their primary duty is to assist the courts in the administration of justice. Any conduct that tends to delay, impede or obstruct the administration...

Words: 8164 - Pages: 33