...\ : WHAT PROBLEMS WERE POSED BY THE ACCESSION OF PORTUGAL, SPAIN AND GREECE TO THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY (EEC) Economic intergration has been associated with “removal of discrimination between the economic agents of the member countries and opening up of the market boundaries.” The European Economic Community (EEC) was formed in 1957 by the treaty of Rome and it consisted of France, Italy, Luxembourg, West Germany and Belgium. It is also known as the common market in some publications. Its founding principles consisted of the notions of democracy and political stability and liberalized market economy among others. Countries in Europe joined this community based on these principles and Greece applied for accession in 1975, Portugal in 1977 and Spain initially in 1962 and then in 1977. These 3 countries’ accession to the EEC had some difficulties. These problems were both political and economic. Democracy and political stability, were major political problems, whilst macro-economic problems such as economic level and performance, taxation, tariff policy, industrial protectionism policies, low agriculture production and socio-cultural differences among other problems. Some of these problems are general and others are unique to specific countries among these 3 countries. The first problem to be analyzed is that of democracy and political stability. Among the founding principles of the EEC was demand of working democracy...
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...------------------------------------------------- A Critical Evaluation of the Management Environment of a Country ------------------------------------------------- The management Enviroment- 7BSP1248 Word Count: WORD LIMIT: 2000 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Critical Analysis of the Tools Implemented. 4 Key Factors Affecting Spain’s Management Environment 4 Tools Put to Use 5 Conclusion 6 References 6 Introduction In the world of today, a numerous amount of issues can affect a certain country in many different ways. The managing environment of the country is essential to the evolution of the country in the rapidly changing environment the world is experiencing. This environment in which the management operates in Spain will be critically reviewed using various tools of analysis to better comprehend the situation in which they currently exist. Some of the key factors that affect the management environment of Spain is the political situation the country faces currently, ongoing corruption has played an essential part to the population change including drastic changes within the country. Poor government which affects the countries economy which it has experienced for the past two years, hindering younger generations finding jobs which convinces a lot of individuals to leave the country to find a better life elsewhere, is also a driving factor for the problems it currently faces. As the (World Bank 1997) defines corruption as the “abuse of public power...
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...others like BRICS and EAGLES, that defines a certain group of countries that have some commonality in location and economic environments. In this case, PIGS includes Portugal, Italy, Greece and Spain. While not originally included in the group, Ireland has found its way into the mix, which is why the term PIIGS is more commonly used now. TUTORIALS: Macroeconomics All of these countries are part of the eurozone and have been grouped together with the unflattering acronym of a barnyard animal known for its proclivity to mud, dirt and not-so- pleasant smells. The term itself is not an official title, nor does it separately delineate these countries from the European Union (EU). The term became a convenient way for currency traders and global investors to group these countries together. It has lived on as a club, of sorts, that no country would want to join and each participant would like to quit. While primarily concerned with resolving their economic struggles, the members of the PIIGS resent the negative connotations and some have renounced the use of the term altogether. Though each member has become a staple of the media's attention, many professional organizations have made efforts to reduce or eliminate the term itself due to its negative connotations. Their efforts are commendable; however, there is no mistaking that these countries have a history of facing economic difficulties, high unemployment and political instability. While some of their individual GDP growth rates are...
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...SOCIAL INNOVATION IN SPAIN Introduction Social innovation is defined as a novel solution to a social problem that is more effective, efficient, sustainable, or just than existing solutions and for which the value created accrues primarily to society as a whole rather than private individuals. The results of social innovation - new ideas that meet the unmet needs- are all around us. The results include hospices and kindergartens, fair trade and restorative justices, distance learning and congestion charging. Social innovation is different from innovation or creativity in general because it covers very wide boundaries of impact from gay partnership to new ways of using mobile phone texting and from new lifestyles to new products and services. Why Social Innovation? The financial and economic crisis makes creativity and innovation in general and social innovation in particular more important to foster sustainable growth, secure jobs and boost household health in micro level. The reason social innovation has moved center stage over the last decade is that existing structures and policies have found it impossible to crack some of the most pressing issues of our times – such as climate change, the worldwide epidemic of chronic disease, and widening inequality. History of Social Innovation The last two centuries have seen innumerable social innovations that have moved from margins to mainstream. These include the invention and spread of trade unions and cooperatives, which...
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...has always been considered as a real threat to the economic well-being of the country. In Europe, after World War II, the unemployment rate was very low. Since the seventies of the 20th century, the situation has begun to change and unemployment is rising, reaching its peak point in 1993 year, when the average unemployment rate of European countries was about 11%. Due to global financial crisis, which transformed into sovereign debt crisis in the Eurozone, nowadays, the high unemployment rate in the EU has become an ordinary phenomenon, but a particularly acute problem of unemployment is in Spain, where 26.2% of the population are unemployed (Eurostat, 2013). Although, crisis played a considerable role in this situation, there are also other national features of Spain that led to high unemployment, which if left unattended, will lead to disastrous results. To begin with, it is pertinent to name the causes of the high unemployment rate in Spain. One of the main causes of high unemployment in Spain is a debt crisis. Appeared in United States due to “mortgage bubble”, the financial crisis has had a destructive effect on the banking system, reducing credit supply and increasing the cost of financing. In Spain, the economic growth during the pre-crisis period was maintained by two factors: considerable expansion of credit and large immigration flow. These economic drivers were nullified by the crisis, and starting from 2007, economic growth was slowed. From the second quarter of 2008...
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...Spanish financial crises 1. Spain’s Debt Problem The financial crises of Spain can be described as the sovereign debt problem, which is a large and continuous budget deficit feeding into its accumulated debt. From figure 1 we can see that fiscal consolidation hadn’t successfully made a recovery (see figure 1). Schwartz (2013) quoted that the net increase in debt in 2013 is expected to be €48 billion (HK$480 billion) and the gross issue of public debt €207.2 billion (HK$2085 billion). These are large sums compared with Spain’s GDP of €1.05 trillion (HK$10.69 trillion) 1. Figure 1 Source: Banco de España, General government liabilities. Excessive Deficit Procedure (EDP) debt, 11.6. Debt according to the excessive deficit procedure (EDP) and financial assets held by general government; http://www.bde.es/webbde/es/estadis/infoest/a1106e.pdf ------------------------------------------------- 1. Pedro Schwartz (2013), The Welfare State as an Underlying Cause of Spain’s Debt Crisis, Cato Journal, Vol. 33, No. 2 Actually before financial crises, Spain had experienced a long period of high economics growth. At the end of 2007, the fiscal position of Spain performed excellent. According to Eurostat, it was better than in the other three largest euro area member states Spain had a consolidated total government budget surplus of 1.9 percent of GDP, the third highest after Finland (5.2 percent) and Luxembourg (3.7 percent). But in fact it produced...
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...Spain‘s trade take very important place into the nation‘s economy, the country‘s trade polocy has similarities to the other nations of European Union. Like EU Spain has also non-trade barriers mainly in primary and secondary business. http://www.economywatch.com/world_economy/spain/export-import.html Import and export structure of the economy Spain has a numerous of countries as a partners of export and import of product and the range of these product is even bigger but the focus falls on the main ones . The countries from the European Union are the most important partnes for Spain, in 2013 65% of the foreign trade comes from there, main partners are France with 18% of total exports and 11% of total imports and Germany with 15 % ot total exports and 8 % of exports, othe partners are - Italy, Portugal, United Kingdom, China. The most exported products out of Spain are - food 13 %, cars 11 % and fuel 5 %. The main import of product are fuel, high added value goods, food and chemicals. http://www.tradingeconomics.com/spain/balance-of-trade http://www.ingcb.com/media/231182/spain.pdf Political system of the economy The global economic crisis hit Spain hard in 2009 and the Prime-minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero of the Spanish Socialist Workers Party then decided to make some changes by increasing the unemployed ebenefits and spend money on public works to slowdown the crisis but instead of that, combined with some some other unpleasant conditions, it led the country‘s...
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...LEARNING MODULE Computer College Effectivity: SY 2014-2015 Document Reference: QR-AAD-013 Life and Works of Jose Rizal (SSCI 111) Revision No: 00 Issue No: 01 Date Issued: LEARNING MODULE TITLE The Historical Background of the Rizal Law and 19th Century Philippines LEARNING MODULE RATIONALE In this module, we will discuss the historical context of the Rizal Law. Before we tackle Jose Rizal’s life and works, it is important discuss its legal basis and the issues surrounding it for us to understand why we need to study this course and what we must achieve in studying it. Historians agree that every historical actor is a product of his time, therefore it is equally important and beneficial for our study to learn the historical context of Jose Rizal – the social, economic and political milieu of his time in order to contextualize our study of his life and works. Doing away with historical context, might mislead us from a genuine reading and understanding of Jose Rizal’s life and works. In order to achieve this, we will start our study by having a glimpse of the 19th century Philippines or the last century of Spanish colonial regime in the Philippine. LEARNING OUTCOMES The following are the learning outcomes we are expected to achieve at the end of the lesson: Understand the historical background and rationale of the Rizal Law and the Historical context of 19th Century Philippines • Explain the rationale of the Rizal Law • Discuss the historical context of the Rizal Law...
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...Wrights of Howth Logo Illustration 1 : The Wrights of Howth…………………………………….....1 Illustration 2 : PESTEL……………..……………………………………......4 Illustration 3 : Marketing Mix.…….………..………………….…….............7 II Table of Content 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….............1 1.1 Purpose of the document……………………………………………………………...1 2. Market Selection.................................................................................................................2 2.1 The European Salmon Market..............................................................................2 2.1.1 Germany……………………………………………………………………...2 2.1.2 France………………………………………………………………………...2 2.1.3 Spain …………………………………………………...….………………....2 2.1.4 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………....3 3. Identification of international marketing issues faced by the firm……………………….......4 3.1 PESTEL………………………………………………………………………………….4 3.1.1 Political…………………….......................................................................5 3.1.2 Economi……………………………………………………………………….5 3.1.3 Social…...................................................................................................5 3.1.4 Legal………………………………….........................................................5 3.1.5 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………….6 4. International Marketing Mix……………………………………………………………………....7 4.1 Product...................................................................................................................7 4.2 Price…………………..…………………………………………………………………...
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...fully acknowledged and disclosed in the paper. I have also cited any sources from which I used data, ideas of words, whether quoted directly or paraphrased. I also certify that this paper was prepared by me specifically for this course. Student Signature: __Gina Glorioso Rendall__________ ******************************************* Instructor’s Grade on Assignment: Instructor’s Comments: AN EXECUTIVE BRIEFING ON [pic] Researched by Downtown Dominators Zachery Engels, Franklin Mayse, and Gina Glorioso Rendall Spring 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY 5 DOMINANT MARKET ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT 5 INTRODUCTION 5 POLITICAL / REGULATORY 5 ECONOMIC: MACRO 5 TECHNOLOGY 6 SOCIETAL 6 INDUSTRY ANALYSIS AND COMPANY PERFORMANCE 6 SUMMARY 8 INTRODUCTION 9 FINANCIAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT 9 CASH 9 MARKETABLE SECURITIES 9 LEVERAGE (ABILITY TO BORROW) 9 CREDIT RATING 10 STANDARD AND POOR RATING 10 PERSONNEL 10 BOARD 10 QUALITY OF MANAGEMENT (GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE/EXPERIENCE) 11 INFORMATION/TECHNOLOGY 11 TECHNICAL PRODUCTS 11 REPUTATION 12 QUALITY OF PRODUCTS AND SERVICES 12 CORPORATE IMAGE 12 INFLUENCE WITH GOVERNMENT AND REGULATORY AGENCIES 12 INNOVATIVENESS 12 COMMUNITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY 13 ABILITY TO ATTRACT, DEVELOP AND KEEP...
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...reduced rates of savings (even a negative savings rate at times) as assets were valued highly and used as collateral for additional debt taken on by consumers to purchase additional goods. Those private investors leveraged heavily in the market and feeling perhaps ‘overly’ confident because of the impressive growth and also the rising value of their real estate, were especially vulnerable when the recession hit. Institutional investors such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were induced by the government to issue loans to lesser qualified applicants. This created a massive asset price bubble which culminated in the economic crisis. This recession coincided with jobs losses, sharp declines in real estate values to the point where mortgages went ‘underwater’ (meaning that the value of the real estate was to a certain extent less than remaining amount owed for the property), and a sharp contraction on Wall Street. Paul Bergin, UC-Davis professor and visiting scholar in the Economic Research Department of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, states that “Rising asset values in the United States permitted households to borrow more easily to boost consumption, while the net sale of debt securities abroad financed current account deficits. The fall in some asset values since the crisis (of 2006-2008) can make it easier to reduce current account imbalances” (Bergin, 2011). While I agree with this premise and certainly hope that it holds, it does appear that the current account...
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...Направление: Икономика с преподаване на Английски език КУРСОВА РАБОТА тема : Economic immigration: the case of Spain Изготвил: Венелина Цветанова Каменова Фак. Ном.: 10114103 Преподавател: Кръстьо Петков 2010 година Съдържание Why did I choose this topic? I. Introduction 1. The term immigration 1.1 The term immigration and the general theories behind it 1.2. Economic migrant 2. Global immigration 3. Immigration in Europe 1. Immigration within Europe 2. Immigration from outside of Europe II. The case of Spain 1. Immigration laws and policies in Spain 2. Main countries from where people emigrate to Spain 1. Bulgarians in Spain 3. Main reasons for choosing Spain III. Conclusion The data used in this project is from year 2005. Why did I choose this topic? Watching half of my classmates applying in foreign universities and many of my friends and family choosing to live abroad in order to have “better life” made me wonder what the reasons behind the migrations are. I was interested in the scientific explanation behind the migration processes. This paper gave me the opportunity to understand the incentives behind people’s decisions and the main reasons, pushing people from our own country. And even if I didn’t choose the case of Spain for my topic it proved to be a very interesting one. I learned many new things while writing...
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...Australian and Spainish Bilateral Economic and Trade Relationship Bilateral relations between Australia and Spain are progressively expanding. Spain offers important potential as a partner for Australia, both in the business sphere and in international relations (Smith 2010). While Spain's foreign policy has traditionally focused on the European Union (EU), the Mediterranean and Latin America, it is now broadening its diplomatic and commercial presence in the Asia-Pacific. In recent years, the Australian and Spanish Governments have reinforced growing trade and investment links by evolving policy dialogue on areas of shared interests (Downer 2009). Australia as well makes an excellent trade and investment partner for Spain in the Asia-Pacific region. Australia is a stable parliamentary democracy. The society is open and transparent, and the rule of law, so fundamental for sound business operations, underpins the Australian political and economic arrangements. Australia offers a safe environment in which to make business. Private property rights are secure. The courts have judicial independence. The public services are effective and efficient. Strong and mature national institutions are a key factor behind the favourable business perception of Australia (A G, Department of foreign affairs and trade 2012) The need to be a modern economy has long been recognised by Australian policy makers. Australia certainly has world famous agricultural and mining industries, but it also...
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...B9MG116 International Management Lecture: PJ Paul Student Number: 10069260 Word Count: 3332 1 Introduction This paper analyses the political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental (PESTEL) structure of Spain and it exposes a rational approach to the Spanish market in order obtain a successful implementation of the Everline product in the country. Everline is part of WDFC UK and it is aimed to offer an innovative, fast, flexible and convenient source of credit to entrepreneurs looking to expand their business, manage working capital, or fill a short cash gap. WDFC UK is currently working in three continents and it is supported by some of the world’s leading venture capital firms, with a heritage of building and backing world-class internet companies including Facebook and LinkedIn (“About us” Wonga.com) Everline group include other brands like Wonga.com, which has provided millions of loans to more than a million customers in the UK alone, and the online retail payment service, PayLater. In 2012 Wonga.com reporter a net benefit of £62.5m, former Wonga Business applied to have the trading name Everline added to its credit licence in September this year the domain name Everline.com was registered by WDFC SA. Everline, former Wonga for Business, was launched in May 2012, and offers £3,000 to £50,000 loans to limited companies, LTD’s, or partnerships, and £10,000 to trade solders; money can be borrowed between one and fifty two weeks and the business have...
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...José Francisco Rosselló Solivellas César Jimeno Campos Jose Antonio Rodríguez Cuenca Ernest Llofriu Palou INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 3 EXTERNAL ANALYSIS ...................................................................................... 3 MACRO ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................... 3 Economic'factors'and'tendencies'....................................................................................................................'3' Environment'factors'and'tendencies'.............................................................................................................'4' Technological'factors'and'tendencies'...........................................................................................................'7' Demographic'factors'and'tendencies'............................................................................................................'8' Social'and'cultural'factors'and'tendencies'.................................................................................................'9' Political'and'legal'factors'................................................................................................................................'10' MICROENVIRONMENT .................................................................................... 13 Competitors'.....................................................
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