...How did the Spanish flu impact the East Coast in 1918? In 1918 the Spanish flu was a deadly pandemic that struck in China. It infected an estimated 500 million people and killed 50 to 100 million of them in waves. The Spanish flu wiped out about 50 million people in World War 1. According to center of disease control, ¨Influenza (also known as the Spanish flu) is a contagious respiratory illness caused by flu viruses. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. It´s important to realize the symptoms of influenza, also known as the Spanish flu, came on all of a sudden to some people. The influenza was often difficult as physicians frequently confused the disease with another viral infection. In 1918 most physicians and scientists mistakenly believed that influenza was caused by a bacteria, not a virus.¨...
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...Spanish Flu; Swine Flu History will always repeat itself. In many events it has been proven fact. There are many examples of this; some would say the landing of Christopher Columbus and the Holocaust, others might say the Columbine Massacre and the several school shootings that followed that. But the most eerie and coincidental reoccurrence is the Spanish Influenza Epidemic of 1918 and the H1N1 ‘Swine Flu’ outbreak. By the fall of 1918 a strain of influenza seemingly no different from that of previous years suddenly turned so deadly, and engendered such a state of panic and chaos in communities across the globe, that many people believed the world was coming to an end. It would later be characterized as a human-to-human transmissible case of swine flu. The virus struck with amazing speed, often killing its victims within just hours of the first signs of infection. So fast did the 1918 strain overwhelm the body's natural defenses, that the usual cause of death in influenza patients---a secondary infection of lethal pneumonia---oftentimes never had a chance to establish itself. Instead, the virus caused an uncontrollable hemorrhaging that filled the lungs, and patients would drown in their own body fluids. Not only was the Spanish Flu (as it came to be known) strikingly virulent, but it displayed an unusual preference in its choice of victims---tending to select young healthy adults over those with weakened immune systems, as in the very young, the very old, and the infirm...
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...is the Spanish Influenza Epidemic of 1918 and the H1N1 ‘Swine Flu’ outbreak. By the fall of 1918 a strain of influenza seemingly no different from that of previous years suddenly turned so deadly, and engendered such a state of panic and chaos in communities across the globe, that many people believed the world was coming to an end. It would later be characterized as a human-to-human transmissible case of swine flu. The virus struck with amazing speed, often killing its victims within just hours of the first signs of infection. So fast did the 1918 strain overwhelm the body's natural defenses, that the usual cause of death in influenza patients---a secondary infection of lethal pneumonia---oftentimes never had a chance to establish itself. Instead, the virus caused an uncontrollable hemorrhaging that filled the lungs, and patients would drown in their own body fluids. Not only was the Spanish Flu (as it came to be known) strikingly virulent, but it displayed an unusual preference in its choice of victims---tending to select young healthy adults over those with weakened immune systems, as in the very young, the very old, and the infirm. The normal age distribution for flu mortality was completely reversed, and had the effect of gouging from society's infrastructure the bulk of those responsible for its day to day maintenance. No wonder people thought the social order was breaking down. It very nearly did. But at the close of the First World War, when Spanish Flu appeared...
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...recorded instance of the symptoms of Influenza was by Herodotus almost 2400 years ago, but the understanding of the disease was not discovered until much later. They knew what the symptoms did, but they didn’t understand it like we do now that the flu was connected to animals such as birds and pigs. In 1918 J.S. Koen, a veterinarian discovered symptoms of influenza in the pigs he treated with symptoms of the Spanish Flu that was devastating the world at the time. Independent researchers of this disease McBryde and Robert Shope, were the first scientists to study and begin to understand the disease. It was first identified in 1933 through the researcher's Wilson Smith, Christopher Andrews, and Patrick Laidrow. The first vaccine for...
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...The Spanish Flu was the most devastating pandemic our world has ever seen. Even though few medical records exist, historians believe that 20 – 100 million people were killed by this flu. Despite the number of deaths and the severity and geographic reach of this disease, it merits little attention in the history books. Today one of our greatest medical threats is AIDS. The Spanish Flu is exponential compared to AIDS casualties (Gloria). The Spanish Flu of 1918-19 affected our world like no other disease in history. It changed the ways people sought medical help, the ways physicians treated illness, the role of medical researchers and how society, particularly medical and political leaders respond to pandemic diseases. Influenza is a unique respiratory viral disease infecting the whole respiratory tract-namely, the nose, sinuses, the throat, lungs, and even the middle ear. The disease spreads from person to person by airborne droplets produced when an infected individual coughs or sneezes. Acute symptoms of influenza, including fever, headache, shivering, muscle pain, cough, and pneumonia, are the result of the virus replicating in the respiratory tract, in which infected cells die and slough off (Rosenberg). The Spanish Flu got its name from newspaper reports of that period. It was thought that the influenza infection was carried form Asia to Spain during World War I. During WWI Spain remained neutral and the government did not censor the press. Spanish papers were filled...
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...HOST 4114 | Spanish Flu | Crisis Management | Table of Contents Introduction Page 2 What is Spanish Flu and what happened during the pandemic? Page 2 How the situation was handled in 1918 Page 2-3 Impacts from the Spanish Flu Page 3-4 Impacts of mass gathering Page 4-5 Crisis Management Page 5 Additional information that may have arose from research Page 5-6 Recommendations Page 6-7 How the Hospitality sector should act Page 7 Hotel Response Plan Page 8-9 Sample Guest Letter Page 9 Conclusion Page 9 References Page 10-11 Appendices Page 12 Introduction Spanish flu in the year 1918 was a pandemic crisis that greatly affected everyone worldwide. To this day researchers are still studying the influenza pandemic and are working to counter future pandemics. When the Spanish flu came it created many negative impacts to the daily lives of the citizens and industries. Learning from the past, there are many recommendations that industries should implement in order to counter the spreading of a future oncoming pandemic. Crisis management is important during such a deadly situation and every business should create a plan. This document talks about what is Spanish flu and how should it affected the hospitality industry. This document also talks about what steps hotels should take during a pandemic. What is Spanish Flu and what happened during the pandemic? Spanish flu is an avian flu...
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...world. It is still a very big threat to people today, as the virus is constantly evolving, along with it’s vaccines. Just last year in North Carolina alone, it killed over 137 people from October to January. Throughout time, the influenza virus has evolved and different strains have spread across the globe. This has been the cause of some of the worst pandemics the world has seen, and has led to the development and constantly changing vaccines available today. The flu...
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...focus on the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and 1918-19 Spanish influenza pandemic disasters in human history with reference to A Crack in the Edge of the World by Simon Winchester and The Influenza Pandemic of 1918-1919 by Susan Kingsley Kent. With an estimated death toll of “3,000 people out of a population of 400,000” (Discussion slides October 13) for the earthquake and “thirty million to perhaps even one hundred million” for the influenza pandemic worldwide (Kent Introduction 1), both disasters ultimately struck humanity with a deadly blow. Amongst the numerous messages conveyed, the key lessons presented...
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...Influenza Introduction Did you know that Influenza can be a deadly virus? It is a commonly caught virus around the world many people are affected every year. You could even be one of them. Many people often confuse it with the common cold creating a false sense of safety. Though influenza is not always harmful, it always has a chance to kill you. In this report you will find the history, symptoms, effects, treatment, and how to prevent getting influenza. Origin & History Influenza is a virus that's spread from person to person. It originates among birds and other animals such as pigs. The influenza virus comes in several forms and changes year to year. Influenza has been around for at least 500 years. The First Major Pandemic was in 1918 Known as The...
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...Review: Flu by Gina Kolata This book begins by describing the 1918 influenza epidemic that killed an estimated 20 to 100 million people worldwide during the fall and winter of 1918. This particular strain of the flu was known as the Spanish Flu since it was first seen in the spring of 1918 in Spain. It struck young healthy people around the world in a matter of months. The flu would begin with typical flu like symptoms that could then become pneumonia and killed 2.5 percent of people who contracted it. That is twenty-five percent more deadly than the average strain of influenza. Public health departments attempted to prevent further spreading by passing out gauze masks to people. It appeared all over the world and decimated some populations, including Eskimos and Western Samoans. Since the 1918 flu killed millions, countries around the world have feared further epidemics and in 1976 fears of an outbreak of 1918 flu caused an unprecedented vaccination program. It was discovered in 1928 that the 1918 flu and swine flu were closely related strains of influenza (possibly the same) by Dr. Richard Shope. He found that swine flu occurring in pigs caused similar symptoms and the antibodies of swine flu were found in those who survived the 1918 flu. Then in 1976, four men were found to have swine flu at Fort Dix in New Jersey. One man died as a result and scientists began to worry that another outbreak of the 1918 flu could occur due to swine flu. Therefore, it was decided...
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...Mrs. Schweitzer Erwc period 1 24 may 2013 The Great Influenza John M Barry In the early 1900’s medicine was making some steps closer into some great improvements for health and better understanding of the human body. Doctors with sufficient knowledge of the human body and cures for diseases and viruses were scarce. People were much more concerned with government and politics, than health and medicine, until one of the greatest and most grotesque lethal pandemics that’s struck the earth in human history. This pandemic the “Spanish Flu” spread so rapidly and had an extremely high mortality rate. This was caused by the close contact of humans and poor cleanliness and sanitation, and the host (virus) and the body taking harsh action to excrete the “invader”. The Great Influenza of 1918 the “Spanish Flu” started in birds as in all influenzas. The virus mutated through other animals and then had the right genes to make human to human contact possible with high transferability. The virus is so gruesome and causes your body to react so violently that it tears the tissue in the lungs, and basically causes you to drown in your own blood. Victims would even turn dark blue because of lack of oxygen because of restricted breathing caused by blood in lungs and air passageways. Medical officials could not even identify some of the victims as white or negro, because of discoloration of skin. Victims would also turn extremely white, and have blood excrete from mouth and nasal passages...
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...Influenza is a highly infectious viral illness. The first pandemic or worldwide epidemic, which clearly fits the description of influenza, was in 1580. At least four pandemics of influenza occurred in the 19th century, and three occurred in the 20th century. The pandemic of “Spanish” influenza in 1918–1919 caused an estimated 21 million deaths worldwide. “According to the National Institutes of Health, between5% and 20% of Americans get the flu each year. More than 200,000 people are hospitalized and 36,000 die annually because of the flu in the United States” (Nordqvist, 2014). Influenza also called flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that infected the nose, throat, and lungs. It affects millions of people in the world every year. There are different impacts of flu to human body from mild to severe, and at time death could be resulted from flu virus. Young children, elderly people and immunosuppressed people are the most vulnerable groups. In the United States, flu season occurs in the fall and winter. Seasonal flu activity usually peaks in January or February, but it can occur as early as October and as late as May (flu.gov) The best treatment is prevention by obtaining yearly flu vaccine. Each year the general public is urged to take action to avoid getting the influenza (flu) virus. One of the most effective methods to prevent this is to get influenza vaccine. Nordqvist, C. (2014, September 10). "What is...
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...Many origins of the Spanish Flu have been proposed. One theory is that Chinese laborers that were in Canada may have been the origin for the flu. "Historian Christopher Langford has shown that China suffered a lower mortality rate from the Spanish flu than other nations did, suggesting some immunity was at large in the population because of earlier exposure to the virus."[4]Archival evidence suggests that China had a respratory disease outbreak in 1917. Also, 3,000 of the 25,000 Chinese laborers ended up in medical quarantine after flu-like symptoms appeared while they were going to Europe.[5] Kansas Another theory as to the source of the outbreak originated at Camp Funston, now Ft. Riley Kansas. and Haskell County Kansas where an...
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...lll7-60 26 Sept. 2015 The Influenza Virus We all know that time of year. The time of year when the cold of winter ascends upon us as well as a very common illness known as the flu. Everyone has had this illness at least once in their life, whether they were too young to remember it or if it was just last week. The influenza virus is one of the most common viruses as well as one of the deadliest. People don’t really think about the flu as deadly, but thirty-six thousand people die from the flu each year in the U.S alone. There are also more than two hundred thousand people that are hospitalized because of the flu. The influenza virus is one of the most complicated and unpredictable viruses there is. The Influenza virus can be broken down into three categories. The first category is Influenza type A. Wild aquatic birds such as ducks, geese, swans, gulls, shorebirds, and terns are the natural hosts for all influenza type A viruses. Most people refer to this type of flu virus as the Avian Flu. This type of flu can further be broken down into two different subtypes based on the proteins on the surface of the virus. These subtypes are hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). There are eighteen known HA types and eleven NA types. There are many different combinations of the two subtypes. All known types of type A can effect birds except two different types, H17N10 and H18N11, which have only been found in bats. Only two influenza A virus types are currently...
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...Benchmark Assignment: Epidemiology of Influenza Jaime Mercado Grand Canyon University Concepts in Community and Public Health NRS-427V-O504 Misty Stone August 14, 2015 Benchmark Assignment: Epidemiology of Influenza At the start of every winter season, hospitals rapidly begin preparation for the “Flu Season,” a time where vaccines are pushed heavily and every running/stuffy nose complete with fever is closely monitored to see if it will result in something more devious that the common cold; something called Influenza. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), defines this affliction as a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses; causing mild to severe illness; where serious outcomes of flu infection can result in hospitalization or death. (2015, para. 1). Now this virus is different than that of the cold; while some symptoms are similar, such as, sore throat, dry or productive cough, runny or stuffy nose, itchy eyes, and malaise, the big differences are fever or feeling feverish/chills, body aches, and the severity and onset of the symptoms. With influenza, symptoms have a rapid onset and can make you feel quite ill for a few days to weeks, while cold symptoms can make you feel bad for a few days. Influenza can also result in serious health problems such as pneumonia and bronchitis and can result in a hospitalization stay, mainly when concerning the very young, elderly or immuno-compromised individual. So, where did this hurtful...
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