...HISTORY OF SPECIAL EDUCATION LAW According to National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), an IEP, or Individualized Education Program, is “a written statement for each individual with a disability that is developed, reviewed, and revised in accordance with Title 42 U.S.C. Section 1414(d).” (NAEP Glossary) Each source I studied stressed the concept of “individualized” plans because each program is tailored to specifically meet the needs of that particular student through a series of assessments, meetings and medical diagnoses. Recognizing that the content of the IEP is legally binding, it’s important to ensure that what is included in the IEP safeguards the needs of the student and that the student needs are being met? So after Further research I discovered a site that put the definition of an IEP in easily understandable terms: [An IEP] is a legally binding document that spells out exactly what special education services your child will receive and why. So by doing the IEP not only would It will include the students classification, placement, services such as a one-on-one aide and therapies, academic and behavioral goals, a behavior plan if needed, percentage of time in regular education, and progress reports from teachers and therapists. What is and we see that these plans contain information about the child’s classification, such as autism, deaf-blindness, orthopedic impairment or mental retardation for example, which requires the special support while...
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...Lifelong Learning 4/7/13 When you become a teacher you will be working with students with numerous disabilities and each student that has a disability must go through several different procedures. As a teacher or a parent we want to make sure each student and/or child is ready for the next step in their lifelong learning process. Getting the students with disabilities ready for their life you must follows many procedures and each procedure is different because it is a stepping stone giving each student the necessary tools they need to succeed in their lifelong learning. Early Intervention does make a difference it is a process that helps service students that may be at risk of falling behind in their academic level. This service is designed to help students receive help for their special needs. This is a program that makes sure students with special needs have the same right as every other student to get the best education possible. Diagnosing a child’s developmental disability is the first step that must be done. What does a developmental disability mean? A developmental disability shows areas that children are delayed in and allows the teachers and parents to work on those areas. “Children with developmental disabilities often struggle with language, mobility, learning, self-care and independent living” (CRC, 2011). “Developmental disabilities are typically identified early in infancy or childhood, but can also be discovered in adolescence. Roughly 17 percent of children...
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...PL 94-142 of 1975 was the first piece of legislation mandating appropriate and free education for students with disabilities. “Federal legislation, such as PL 94-142, served as a tool for the government to provide improved and equalized learning opportunities for all students and to bring qualified people into special education” ( Kirk, Gallagher, & Anastasia, 2000, 71). There are six key components under this act. Zero Reject The first component states that all children, regardless of ability, are guaranteed a free and appropriate public education. This stands for FAPE. This requires schools to serve children ages 3-21. A child may not be excluded from a school district just because the district feels that they are too disabled to learn. This is at no cost to the parents. Zero Reject includes providing classroom instruction or providing transportation for the disabled child. Nondiscriminatory Identification and Evaluation The second component has two purposes. The first one is to actually determine if the student has a disability and the second is to be able to determine whether the student requires special education and to what extent. The evaluation test given to the student must be administered in the child’s primary language. It must be given by a qualified person and molded to fit the specific needs of the child. Therefore, it cannot just be an IQ test. Individualized Education Program An IEP should be written for every student with an identified disability....
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...History of Special Education Alisha Anderson Grand Canyon University: SPE-526 June 26, 2013 Abstract Special education will continue to be transformed in a number of different ways throughout the years to come. Special Education provide different services, support systems, and resources to help meet the needs of students that have disabilities and gifted students. The history of special education have covered many issues throughout the years. There have been many laws and regulations created to help protect individuals with disabilities. This paper will report on the past history of special education, the laws associated with Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), and how the current and future challenges of special education affect the laws. What is Special Education? Special Education was created to teach students with disabilities at no cost to the parents. Special Education in the past involved schools that did not support or recognize students with disabilities. Today Special Education have progressed to provide services to all students no matter what their disabilities are. Special Education is a program that establish guidelines and expectations that teachers, parents, and students follow, in order for the student to receive the proper help they need (Heward, 2009). Disabilities could be labeled as physical, mental, emotional, or gifted. Special Education are services that are put in place after an evaluation process of the student. The services...
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...learning and behavior needs. The RTI process begins with high-quality instruction and universal screening of all children in the general education classroom. Struggling learners are provided with interventions at increasing levels of intensity to accelerate their rate of learning. These services may be provided by a variety of personnel, including general education teachers, special educators, and specialists. Progress is closely monitored to assess both the learning rate and level of performance of individual students. Educational decisions about the intensity and duration of interventions are based on individual student response to instruction. RTI is designed for use when making decisions in both general education and special education, creating a well-integrated system of instruction and intervention guided by child outcome data. For RTI implementation to work well, the following essential components must be implemented with fidelity and in a rigorous manner: High-quality, scientifically based classroom instruction. All students receive high-quality, research-based instruction in the general education classroom. Ongoing student assessment. Universal screening and progress monitoring provide information about a student’s learning rate and level of achievement, both individually and in comparison with the peer group. These data are then used when determining which students need closer monitoring or intervention. Throughout the RTI process, student progress is monitored frequently...
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...The New Model of American Education: Inclusion or Exclusion?? November 27, 2011 EEX5665 Bernadette Harris University of North Florida College of Education & Human Services Graduate School According to the U.S. Department of Education, the N.C.L.B. Act of 2001, came the law of public education that states “that all children have a fair, equal, and significant opportunity to obtain a high-quality education and reach, at a minimum, proficiency on challenging State academic achievement standards and state academic assessments.” This law was instituted to increase accountability in public educators for the individualized education of every student in the public school system. In theory, it eliminates the ability to simply push students forward from grade to grade without evidence that they can perform at grade level. It brought with it the death of what we had previously come to know as “social promotion.” Quickly on the heels of N.C.L.B. came the I.D.E.A. (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) of 2004, which affirms the guiles of N.C.L.B. while taking accountability a bit further. I.D.E.A. states that “all students (including those with disabilities) must have access to a free and appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment” (Wright, 2004). The “least restrictive environment,” as defined by legislators, has become what is now known as “inclusion education” and the birth of the “inclusion” classroom. Prior to the passing...
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...delivery. Analyze ways to create a collaborative school culture to promote professional growth and leadership. Determine some of the causes of education-based conflict. Evaluate problem solving and negotiation strategies to resolve education-based conflict. Recognize the importance of knowing personal strengths and weaknesses in conflict resolution. Evaluate verbal, non-verbal, and para-verbal cues that impact communication with educators, administrators, parents, and community members. Analyze the range of placements and services offered to students who have a disability. Additionally, this assignment demonstrates your mastery of the Course Learning Outcomes 1, 2, 3, 4, & 5 and the MAED Program Learning Outcomes 2 & 8 and will have reinforced your competency with the MAED Program Learning Outcome 7. As you have learned throughout this course, it takes a team to educate a student. The team is composed of stakeholders who have a professional and/or emotional investment in the student’s education and post-graduation success. Although everyone has the same destination in mind, their paths may differ. Being a proactive problem-solver means recognizing a disagreement or differing of opinions and finding an amicable solution through understanding and compromise. To further your abilities with these essential skills for a special educator, you will complete this comprehensive final assignment. In this assignment, you will design a differentiated...
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...personality type of all. The name dubbed to my personality type is “The Caregiver”. It states that they are caring and parental towards everyone they love and love organization, yet extremely unfocused and in need of routine (INFJ 1). When I read that I couldn’t help but think that for once, an online quiz was actually right. It also said I was good with people and was well suited for medical work or being an artist of some sort, which just happened to fit two of my career choices (Careers 1). My careers chosen have no correlation what-so-ever beside the kooky brain that likes all of them. I decided Tattoo Artist was a good one because I love tattoos and the idea of a piece of your work becoming a part of another person. Then, I chose Special Education...
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...Special education is any program provided for children with disabilities. Individual with Disabilities Education Act (1975 IDEA) used to be called Public Law 94-142. It was signed into law on November 29, 1975 by President Gerald Ford (Gargiulo, 2012). A basic principle of P.L. 94-142 was that every disabled child is permitted to special education according to the child’s needs and to promise that the rights of handicapped children are protected. There are six key components of the original 1975 IDEA. Six key components of the original 1975 IDEA are (Gargiulo, 2012): 1. Free appropriate public education (FAPE): IDEA guarantees that each child with a disability is qualified for special education and its services without any cost (Gargiulo, 2012). 2. Least restrictive environment (LRE): The main purpose for this component is to allow children with disabilities to be educated with their peers in the regular classroom to the extent possible (Gargiulo, 2012). 3. An individualize education program (IEP): It is a very important document developed by the IEP team with parents included. The IEP lays out the child’s academic achievement and functional performance such as, how the child will be included in the general education curriculum, establishes annual goals, plane what special education related services are needed, and what accommodations may be appropriate for the child (Gargiulo, 2012). 4. Procedural due process: It includes the rights of parents toward their children. Parents...
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...BIBLIOGRAPHY: Special Education Resources Special Education Foundations and Framework UNV-529N Dr. Mendez March 26, 2014 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY: Special Education Resources The national center for learning disabilities website. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.ncld.org/ The National Center for Learning Disabilities provides resources and details on the different types of learning disabilities in both children and adults. They are dedicated to providing an opportunity to an education to every child diagnosed with a disability. By having this opportunity, the child may obtain valuable educational and life skills that will benefit them for their entire lives. The NCLD connects educators and parents with guidance, resources, educational services, programs, and professional developments that strive to promote public awareness, advocacy, and advance student growth. Information about federal laws that have affected and strengthened this organization is also available. The national dissemination center for children with disabilities website. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://nichcy.org/ The National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY) is a resource that is filled with information for parents and educators related to particular disabilities from birth to age 22. The website contains an excess of resources in relation to educational rights and laws, interventions, Individualized Education Programs (IEPs), the special education process and services...
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...Janice Nelson has been in the special education field for over 25 years. Mrs. Nelson specializes in Autism. She is the administrator of Special Education in the South Shore District in Chicago, IL. She started out as a teacher’s aid. Mrs. Nelson has had a passion for teaching ever since she can remember as a little girl. She went to Oakton Community College, a local school, to pursue a degree in Liberal Arts to buy herself a little time to figure out what she really wanted to do with her life. During this time, she took a lot of classes in early childhood. Ironically enough, she ended up loving them. She graduated with an Associate’s Degree. During the next couple of years, she earned her Bachelor’s Degree in Early Childhood Education. That did not stop her from pursuing her Master’s Degree in Special Education with Endorsements in Autism and Emotional Impairments. Janice did three semesters of student teaching while earning almost all of her degrees. The first semester she student taught in a general education third grade classroom. She then noticed that general education was not for her. That’s when Janice started to gravitate towards the students who needed extra help. She craved the constant interaction of working with kids with special needs. Lucky for Janice, her next two teaching placements just so happened to be in the same school she was working in. At that point, Janice realized she was getting closer to her goal of becoming a special education teacher. Autism is a Spectrum...
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...Laws, Procedures and Policies Regarding Disciplining Special Education Students Holly Witherwax Prairie View A&M University Introduction Discipline within a school setting is of prime importance, and ensures that learning activities progress without major hitches. This is true in school settings that enroll students without disabilities, as well as schools for students with special needs. Learning institutions that enroll both disabled students and those not disabled are also tasked with ensuring that discipline amongst the students is maintained across the board. Therefore, the challenge for administrators in schools that have incorporated special education students is that of ensuring that in disciplining special education students; they act within the law, they act in an unprejudiced manner (vis-à-vis disciplining normal students) and finally that the punishment takes cognizance of the status of the student as a special education student. Federal Law and Disciplining Special Education Students There are various laws that govern the disciplining of special education students in federally supported schools in K-12 education. The most relevant law as regards disciplining special education students is the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) 1990 (reauthorized in 1997). The provisions of IDEA state that unless a special needs student has committed punishable acts that require drastic measures such as the student being permanently transferred from...
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...Reflective practice is communication, knowledge, skills, values and belief and reflection in the daily lives of individuals. Part of the goal of reflective practice is to serve the community, while demonstrating a passion for the environment. The skills individuals develop helps with reasoning, which advances the delivery of comprehending and understanding. According to Attard (2012) “reflection is very individual and personal, on the one hand, while on the other hand it is collective by nature” (p. 204). Action Research is a method of reflective practice that is encouraging and involves systematic change in teaching that allows the teacher to take the right direction to enhance student learning. According to Bevins et al. (2011) “action research develops through a self-reflective spiral of cycles, which include planning, implementing, observing, reflecting and re-implementing” (p.401). Action Research provides new learning techniques for teaching and provides knowledge for the rest of your life. In action research many believe that the term reflection can be misleading. According to Casey (2012) “insider action research is shown as a tool for positioning the practitioner in the ‘betweenness’ of theory and practice” (p.221). It is suggest that teaching is being altered and deemed to be more accurate. Engaging in action research can improve teaching practice and theory. Action Research involves the physical act of being involved and becoming hands-on. After steeping back...
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...of my college career. I am relatively new to the whole on-line learning process, and I can say unequivocally that on-line learning is very different in its presentation and in how the learner must participate. A great lot of responsibility is placed upon the learner, and communication is essential between the student and the instructor. It is essential that the student keep up with the syllabus, and use it as a daily guide to the course in order to make sure that all assignments and expectations are being met. During this semester, many of our readings spoke to me on both a personal and professional level. As I have stated before, I have taught special education since 1998. This is an area of education that is very close to my heart. Over the years, I have been able to work with many students who had similar stories to the students that were represented in our case studies and course readings. I have felt the frustration of being a new teacher, with little to no information about a student with special needs coming into my class. In Case Study #32, Mr. Roberts was frustrated that his new student, Cory, was coming to his class without him having access to essential information about Cory. Mr. Roberts was dealing with issues that we are special education teachers deal with on a routine basis. Even in the best circumstances, it is difficult to always have a proper “heads up” about a new student with special needs coming into your classroom. As I read Case Study #32, I felt that...
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...Autism and Mental Retardation Respond to the following: 1. List the primary features of autism. Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder. It influences a person's ability to communicate and how they interact and socialize with others. Those with mild forms of autism can be high-functioning and can live on their own, while others with severe cases may remain non-verbal and function on a very limited basis. 2. Which explanation for autism is no longer considered valid and lacks research support? Thimerisal in children’s vaccines does not cause autism. 3. What forms of treatment are helpful for a person with autism? Special education class’s area available for autistic children, structured-behaviorally based programs that are geared toward the patient’s developmental level, parental education on behavioral techniques, and therapy for both parents and the autistic child. 4. List the criteria for a diagnosis of mental retardation: Thorough neurologic and psychiatric evaluation is necessary for diagnosis of a mental retardation. 5. Explain one way in which sociocultural biases in testing might pose problems for assessing mental retardation. All cultures do not develop their children at the same speed and level as other. So when a patient from an under developing sociocultural is being tested the diagnoses may reflect mental retardation, when it is not the case at all. 6. Of the four levels of mental retardation, into which category do most people with mental...
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