...ADULT LEARNING THEORY The author examines two observation of the Adult Learning Theory: "Increased Attention to where learning takes place and its Multidimensional Natures". First, the author discusses "the increase attention to various contexts in which learning takes place," Merriam, Sharon (2008) Adults Learning Theory Twenty-First Century, (p96) using context broadly, ranging from the concrete ("workplace") to the more abstract, as in one's subculture or society as a whole. She states that this increased attention has been the result of a shift from the focus on the individual perspective and how they process the information they receive. Before, most of the research on the "Adult Learning Theory" was relegated to studying the individual; what they heard or receive and how they process the information. Today, more information is put on the external factors that play apart. Secondly, millions of dollars has been invested toward research concerning the multidimensional natures of adult learning. No more is education restricted to one setting, but Universities and Colleges alike has geared their curriculum's toward what will work best and which approach will be more effective. What was taboo decades ago especially for women concerning become adult learners, has now became an open market. The author discusses; "the multidimensional nature of learning and its holistic approach"."Frielier's chapter on learning through the body makes the case that learning is a holistic...
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...Shaken Baby Syndrome. While there are many obvious and immediate symptoms of Shaken Baby Syndrome such as vomiting, lethargy, respiratory distress, seizure activity, decreased consciousness, increased intracranial pressure, and retinal hemorrhage; there are as many if not more permanent and long range ramifications (Miehl, 2005). Traumatic brain injuries that occur when the brain of the child is severely shaken inside the cranial cavity cause irreparable damage. Survivors of Shaken Baby Syndrome possess some degree of neurological and/or cognitive deficiency and exhibit seizure disorders, cerebral atrophy, chronic subdural fluid collections, and encephalomacia (Miehl, 2005). These injuries may later manifest in motor, cognitive, and learning disabilities. Research suggests that children who suffer severe brain injury before the age of 6 do not catch up with their non-brain injured peers and have a lower rate of gaining new skills (Miehl, 2005). Long term impairment due to Shaken...
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...Summary Adult Learning Theories were developed to understand and influence the way adults learn and how they are taught to learn. There are many factors that affect adults in their daily lives that differ from children and these factors can impact them in various ways. In the articles summarized below there are many explanations of how the adult learning theories are utilized to improve the learning experience. In Adult Learning Theory Applications to Non-Traditional College Students (Kenner;Weinerman, 88), adults between the ages of 25-50 are described to have their own unique categories being divided into three: 1. Layoffs post recession 2. Veterans of Middle East wars. New GED completions. Adult learners have less traditional factors such as larger work load, dependents and financially independent. Many of them are part time students (Lane, 2004). Sharaw and Mushman set forth three different methods that adults create their own learning theories. These methods or” Frameworks” are tacit theory, informal theory, and formal theory. These basically explain how adults absorb their knowledge and apply it. (Guzzetti, Snyder, Glass, Gamas, 1993). The biggest hurdle in adult learning is the transition back into the academic world. Knowles addressed framing as an ingenious way to cradle a student back into learning but giving them motivation through the vision of rewards. In the article Adult Learning for the Twenty First Century (Merriam, 2008), the adult learning theory is...
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...related to students who are presently involved in any type of formal education, reveals that the numbers of adults in the search for education is rapidly rising. Statistics also show the reasons that drive adults to enroll in adult education as well as the advantage and or disadvantage they possess over a younger person. To develop a more adequate adult learning system, the federal and the states governments, have united efforts to come up with satisfactory methods of approaching adult educational environment, which would aid education institutions and teachers to develop styles to support adults to reach their educational goals. In an attempt to explain the reasons an adult seeks to achieve a higher cultural level, the essayist is going to summarize the perception from different scholars. Follow by the author’s personal experience in the field and seal the writing with the writer’s personal reflection on the discussed theme. The technological advances from the present digital era have engendered the need for highly trained laborers. Presently, jobs for unskilled workers are scarce, while trained labors have a considerable demand. This phenomenon triggered the individual interest on adults to seek for a better education. Besides the highly competitive rate from the contemporary operational forces, there are other peripheral compels, such as parenthood that urge the adult population to hunt for a better education, (Dorch, B.; 2012.) Durch explains, that by “September 2009, BMO...
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...highly important to value all aspects of personal responsibility. First, the nature of personal responsibility transitions from childhood to adulthood. As kids growing up the parent’s are held responsible for their children and well being. The time will change into the hands of your own, in which nobody is accountable for your own actions anymore. Parents for the most part have a major responsibility role when shaping our children in early stages as well as their attitudes, behavior, ethnicity, morals, values, and spirituality. The childhood and adolescence stage incorporates the primary roots that are grounded within us. As kids develop into young adults, parents’ have the best interest to know when their young adults are mature enough for certain criteria. For example, the Georgia Law states that he/she must 16 years old to test for class D license. Now parents must take responsibility to make the better judgment as when to allow their young adult permission to drive freely. In Georgia, it’s not mandatory or required, but a privilege to have a license. We as individuals mature differently and must gain all knowledge from our parents, mentors, teachers, and pastors. Also, the spiritual belief helps individuals to define themselves into their own divinity. As an individual, it’s important to have your own knowledge and understanding to your spiritual practice to live accordingly. In most families, the religion or spiritual belief...
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...According to McCarson (2008), the best feature of Wlodkowski’s book, Enhancing adult motivation to learn: A Comprehensive guide to teaching all adults is his call for action and change among all educators. After considering the sixty different strategies designed to motivate adults to learn and engage in the classroom, the reader cannot help but feel inspired to lead and engage adults to further their studies. The real question is, however, do these instructional strategies translate into helpful tips for advisors working with adults who are returning to college? McCarson believes that Wlodkowski starts with a biological basis for adult willingness. Nonetheless, he explains why our brains are adrenalized in certain ways and why some prompting strategies work better than others. That being said, even the non-scientific reader will find that this clarification provides a solid basis for the rest of the book (McCarson, 2008). There are equivalent strategies and tips throughout the book to remind teachers that their jobs are not only to advise students as they advance through their college careers, but to be encouraging and influential. Mature students particularly can lose attention and commitment in their studies; teachers need to know how to build back that eagerness. Though, Wlodkowski’s reasonable ideas for intensifying...
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...Generational Comparisons and Contrasts Chart by, Anne K. Robey-Graham, Ed.D. Birth dates Size (in 2005) Defining ideas Style Childrearing Significant goal Boomers 1948 – 1961 ~78 million Individuality Self-absorbed Permissive child Personal growth Gen X’ers 1962 – 1979 ~46 million Cynicism Entrepreneur Private child Self-reliance Millennials 1980 – 1999 ~70 million Entitlement Confident achiever Pampered child Being happy and safe Generational attitudes that may surface in multigenerational classrooms: Boomers Gen X’ers Millennials Generational experience brought into the classroom: Academic K-12 Overcrowded Smaller classrooms; Self-esteem curriculum; experiences classrooms; had to introduction of new focus on standardized test compete to be heard; technologies; more scores; entitled to good worked in groups individual focus and grades; want to feel special; creative projects everyone gets rewards Experience with Strong nuclear family; High rates of divorce; Believe key to happiness is family in many families “latchkey kids” came in close family relationships, mother was home; home from school alone although 50% came from played with because both parents divorced families; close neighborhood children; worked or lived in single relationships to their parents, when teens rebelled parent family; step viewed as “partners”; Soccer against parents and families and living in two Moms; highly structured social structures places; spent more time activities such as sports, alone than...
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...Client’s are expecting that counselors will treat their spiritual concers, as a result many mental health professionals are now considering the healing potential of a holistic view of mind, body, and spirit when it is incorporated into the therapeutic process (Morrison, Clutter, Pritchett & Demmitt, 2009). Learning a clients spiritual history, faith preferences, and commitments is a critical assessment priority (Greggo & Lawrence, 2012). As a counselor I find it very important to focus on the clients behaviors, thoughts and spiritual needs. I would address the clients thoughts and behaviors by using pieces of Adlerian therapy while using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to help the client learn new behaviors. I also find it important to address the clients spiriautal needs and how beliefs play a role in their treatment. When working in a secultar setting, I believe it is hard for counselors to know the best way to incorporate a clients spiritual delimas and needs while working in a therapeutic environment. I personally value and prefer this particular cognitive-behavioral orientation because I believe that it helps the client focus on the therapy as a learning process. The client learns new ways to cope with problems more effectively. Cognitive-behavioral theory stresses the role of thinking, deciding, questioning, doing, and re-deciding (put in own words) I chose CBT because it is the theory that helps the patient get the quickest result in helping relive the clients...
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...Article Summaries on Adult Learning Theories Maurrica Daun Doss Summary With review of two articles related to adult learning theories, there were several similarities and shared information that combined these articles together. It is very clear that there are different views and levels of adult learning theories. Starting from the basic concept of adult learning and fine tuning the theories down to adult students, it is evident that these theories are a major factor in continuing education. The first article on adult learning theories realized that psychological, convictional, and behavioral aspects are significant factors. The author covers these latest updates from an edition published in 2001 while stating that “what we might conclude about adult learning today will most likely be out of date by the time this volume is a year old” (Merriam, 2008, p. 94). The article highlights a few major updates from previous versions. Adult learning theory is being increasingly recognized more and more as multidimensional learning. Environments of adult learners are known factors to how new information is received. Depending on their external influences, translates into factors that cause adults to learn differently. Adults receive information and relate it to their own body, mind, and wellbeing. Keeping adult learners in context can ultimately help with learning styles. Adult learning seemed to be a cognitive process until recently. Using spirituality as a guide to learn...
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...A Spirituality Assessment Sanda Stanhope Grand Canyon University Spirituality in Health Care HLT 310V Patricia Mullen February 02, 2011 A Spirituality Assessment Spirituality is an imperative component in a patient’s assessment and care that can enhance the quality of life. Acknowledging and supporting a patients’ spirituality can make their health care involvements more encouraging in promoting health, reducing depression, it aids in patients coping with challenging illnesses, and increases the quality of life. Patients do want their health care providers to discuss their spirituality with them. A study found that 40% of patients felt that physicians should discuss pertinent religious issues with their patients, however only 11% of physicians frequently or always did (Maugans, 1991). Assessment Participant One has always worked with the adult population, so to enhance the experience; a fifteen year old female, which has been brought up in the Baptist faith was given a spiritual assessment. Summary of Assessment Findings As with most youth, life consists of the here and now with a philosophy regarding life to be “live life to the fullest without breaking rules”. While there is a true belief in God, family and peers would be sought for support and comfort. Prayer is something best done with family and a familiar pastor, but would be too prickly with a hospital provided clergy. Suffering means to have physical and emotional pain. Instances of emotional were explained...
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...April 25, 2013 INFT 101- D92 LUO Summary Adult learning Theory is some times referred to as Andragogy. This theory is based on characteristics on how adults learn. The three steps related to adult learning are experience, critical reflection and development. Research conducted on adult learning theory helps to understand how adults learn better and activities can be developed to enhance their learning skills. Adult learning theory is a self-directed learning based on the assumption that education should focus on the development of the adult learner (Merriam, 2008). It enables the adult learner to become more in control and free. Today’s Army is composed of Soldiers who have chosen to serve voluntary to achieve various goals in life (Wilson & Smith, 2012). Soldiers may pursue education to get promoted to the next rank or to be able to get a job when they transition to Civilian life (Wilson & Smith, 2012). Recent studies conducted show the unemployment rate among veterans higher than non-veteran unemployment rates. Many Soldiers transition out with no intention to go to college although that was their intention when they joined the Military. Academic counselor have resolved that adult learning theory as a part of life mission is important in advising Soldiers make career based decisions (Wilson & Smith, 2012). Advisors use developmental academic advising, intrusive academic advising and prescriptive academic advising when they have...
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...importantly how critical the role of an educator is in the development of a young child. Onlookers will see an educator involved in play with children but will never truly comprehend the purposeful planning that has been implemented nor the intentional teaching employed to inhibit learning. Similar is the thought process and understanding of most parents. The educators have to promote intentional teaching practices and help parents recognize its true purpose and value in supporting children’s learning and development. This essay aims to explain intentional teaching and its relation to early childhood education and care. This essay will also focus on removing or denunciating any confusion amongst educators questioning the need for intentional teaching or that the practice is a formal instruction in a play-based curriculum. Intentional teaching- Definition and its placement in ECE: ‘Intentional teaching: involves educators being deliberate, purposeful and thoughtful in their decisions and actions. Intentional teaching is the opposite of teaching by rote or continuing with traditions simply because things have ‘always’ been done that way.’ (Intentional Teaching Practices, 2009, p.15) “The Early Years Learning Framework refers to the term ‘intentional teaching’ as one of the eight aspects of pedagogical practice, making it a part of early childhood...
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...Module 6 Final Project: Rising to the Challenge Jemay Ospina GS1115-E2 Rising to the Challenge After rethinking each of the challenges of brainstorming, it was easy to determine which of these was the most likely to be analyzed in this project, learn English, this has been a challenge which I discussed in Module 3, the latent need of learning in reading, writing, listening, and speaking the language, is an opportunity for improvement. I Need to improve my mental, physical and spiritual health, they help me to have daily strength in each of the tasks, improve the driving force to do things in everyday life, otherwise not be able to continue my purposes this country full of opportunities. Knowing manage stress, it helps me dispel the burden of daily living, have clear goals in order to prepare a more successful and without bothering to fail in the attempt. Very recently I came to United States with my family, one of the goals for my personal development, is to learn the English language. I think one of the challenges currently faced in my education, is the little knowledge that I have at the time to speak in the English language. In reviewing each of the contributions given by Mr. King on feedback from jobs sent from the platform, the need for strength in the English language it is evident. Thanks to the feedback, I have continued with my classes in ESL, I have requested help my son Samuel, in relation to the revision of the wording of the written submissions to...
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...don’t recognize the need for health management. Such as when hand washing is needed Parents do not include toddler in healthy routines such as oral hygiene | Parents do not encourage preschoolers to learn about health maintenance Child disregards dirty hands with no comprehension of why they need to be clean. | School-aged children need to be reminded of personal hygiene. School-Aged children have poor hygiene resulting in illness/disease. | Nutritional-Metabolic Pattern: List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group. List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group. | Toddlers weans from the breast/bottle to a cup Toddlers are learning to feed themselves. New foods are introduced. | Parents still in control of what kind, where and...
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...seven Americans (Administration on Aging, 2015). “Between 2003 and 2013, the number of Americans aged 45-64 (who will reach age 65 over the next two decades) increased by 20.7%” (Administration on Aging, 2015, p. 2). For Americans age 60 and over, this percentage increased by 30.7%, from 48.1 million to 62.8 million (Administration on Aging, 2015). Additionally, the world’s population of older adults (60 years...
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