...Role of Sports in Society A. Description of the issue The role of sport in society has been debated for many decades. Sport is a part of society as both an educational fixture and an entertainment enterprise. Sport forms part of human and social development; it can contribute to social cohesion, tolerance and integration and is an effective channel for physical and socio-economic development. As a universal language, sport can be a powerful medium for social and economic change: it can be utilized to bridge cultural gaps, resolve conflict and educate people in ways that very few activities can. The goal of the Sports Council is to examine the proposition that sport can be a powerful agent for change that should be leveraged by individuals, businesses, governments and elite athletes to drive significant positive development and progress in a social, economic and political context. 1.261 | Summit on the Global Agenda Role of Sports in Society B. Dimensions • Value of sport: Sport is a means of exchange and understanding among people of various backgrounds, nationalities or beliefs, and promotes expression beyond traditional barriers. The rules of the game transcend differences and inequality and help redefine success and performance. Through sport, people identify new role models in society. • Sport demographics and health: Physical activity has a crucial social impact on society’s health and well-being as well as healthcare costs. A connection also exists between being...
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...illustrate the complexity of Women’s experience in Sports. In the female and male society, there are specific gender roles and stereotypes that have been established. The typical males are expected to be strong, athletic and independent whereas females are expected to be obedient, attractive nurtures and quiet. Our society demands order to the implemented gender. When these gender norms are violated, it’s common for labels to be given such as ‘’Are you sure that’s not a boy in the net’’, ‘’A girl playing football – what a butch’’ etc. Whilst the ‘’traditional’ gender stereotypes have stayed fairly consistent over the last few centuries, it has also been challenged and confronted by many women and feminists. The one area in which these stereotypes take place is Sports and Physical Activates. Comparing outdated female gender stereotypes with those are 21st century of women in sports, female athletes are establishing their selves in the sporting world. However in saying that it is true those traditional female stereotypes continue to prevail. History Women had limited opportunities to participate in sport or any physical activities until federal legislation came into action allowing women to participate and given equal rights the same as men. Prior to 1870 women engaged in only recreational activities, as they were non-competitive and no rules were required. In the 1900s women started to participate in competitive sports while attempting to limit their involvement continued...
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...The Female Athlete Triad The three components of the female athlete triad are energy availability, menstrual function, and bone mineral density. The triad is clinically referred to as eating disorders, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. The female athlete triad has become more prevalent in the United States due to Title IX legislation. The triad is most common among the athletic population, but can occur in the athletic population. It is most common among athletes that are in sports the emphasize leanness. The pressure to perform at elite levels causes many female athletes to combine excessive exercise with calorie-poor diets. The benefits of exercise outweigh the risks, so women of all ages should be encouraged to participate in physical activity. It is important to rest your body between workouts to promote proper muscle and bone recovery. It is important to educate athletes, coaches, and parents on signs and symptoms of the triad to promote early detection and prevention. Energy availability is defined as dietary energy input minus exercise output. Energy availability is the amount of dietary energy remaining after exercise for other body functions. If energy availability gets to low physiological mechanisms reduce the amount of energy that is used for cellular maintenance, thermoregulation, growth, and reproduction. This can restore energy balance but it significantly impairs health. Athletes can cause an energy deficit in many different ways. Athletes reduce energy by binge-eating...
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...Personal Investigation - Resistance training specific to the demands of fast bowling in cricket. SECTION A Introduction and definitions Professional cricket is a team sport played around the World. Cricket consists of three main formats; multiple-day cricket, which is played over three to five days, and one-day cricket played over 50 and 20 overs format. Motion Analysis has established that fast bowlers cover the most ground in all formats (Hulin et al, 2013). Compared to other positions in cricket, fast bowlers covered between 20 and 80% greater distance and exerted two to seven times greater high intensity, (more distance and less recovery time between high-intensity efforts), Peterson et al, (2010) cited in Hulin et al, (2013, p708). In addition to this fast bowlers are required to laterally flex, extend and rotate, whilst absorbing forces as high as eight times their body mass during their delivery stride, (Hulin et al, 2013). A full needs analysis of cricket suggests that elite players need a high aerobic and anaerobic capacity. In addition, there are a number of multi-directional powerful movements and repeated eccentric contractions involved that require a good degree of strength, speed and explosive power for elite performance and injury prevention, (Lee, N. n.d.) This investigation will take into account the demands of fast bowling throughout a county domestic season and evaluate the importance of a planned periodised training schedule to, not only, increase...
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...Review of the Research Editors: Mark S. Kovacs, PhD Todd S. Ellenbecker, DPT W. Ben Kibler, MD A United States Tennis Association Sport Science Committee Project Tennis Recovery: A Comprehensive Review of the Research Copyright © 2010 United States Tennis Association Inc. ISBN 978-0-692-00528-6 Editors: Mark S. Kovacs, Todd S. Ellenbecker, W. Ben Kibler TENNIS RECOVERY A Comprehensive Review of the Research A United States Tennis Association Sport Science Committee Project Editors: Mark S. Kovacs, PhD Todd S. Ellenbecker, DPT W. Ben Kibler, MD Introduction In the last two decades, physical training and competitive opportunities have increased dramatically in junior, collegiate and professional tennis. This arose due to a multitude of factors, but much of it has stemmed from an increase in knowledge and understanding of scientifically based training programs focused on improving performance. As this focus on performance has increased, the area of recovery has received relatively limited focus. Recovery is a multi-faceted paradigm focusing on recovery from training—session to session, day to day and week to week. Recovery is also vitally important during training as well as in competition between matches and between days during multi-day tournaments. As more information is needed in the area of tennis specific recovery, the Sport Science Committee of the United States Tennis Association (USTA) sponsored an extensive evidence-based review of the available literature...
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...separates the best from the rest, is that the best players consistently make better decisions while under pressure. Decision making is quite simply, the process to find the optimum pass, whether that be a 40 yard switch of play to attack from the other side (where the space is) or passing the ball into the strikers feet to play a one-two or allow him to turn and run at the oppositions defence, decision making is a complex process (the best players know what they are going to do before) the process involved highlighting the number of players where the pass is intended for, both the opposition and your own team, as well as the obstacles in the way of the pass, the amount of pressure on yourself to release the ball. Football compared to other sports is an open continuous game; it is ever-changing which means that making decisions quickly is important before the scenario changes again. Without correct decision making they are more likely to panic and therefore concede possession. In football balance is significant...
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...Analysis.…………………………………..…………….…………………………...3 III. SWOT Analysis...………………………………..…………….……….……………………6 IV. Marketing Objectives..…………..…….….……………………………….…..………………..7 V. Marketing Strategies...……………………………………………………..…………………...8 VI. Marketing Implementation.………………………….…….….…….…….……………...……10 VII. Performance Evaluation…………….………..…………………………….......................…….11 References..…………………………………...………………….………........….12 I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Suunto is a world leader in designing and manufacturing sports precision instruments. Since 1936, Suunto has been at the vanguard of innovation and design of sport watches, dive computers, and sports instruments engineered for training, hiking, mountaineering, hiking, skiing, and sailing. Suunto enjoys an esteemed reputation because it delivers intuitive design, accuracy and dependability combining aesthetics and functionality that allows athletes analyze and improve their performance. The demand for fitness products and the rise of wearable technology is a prospect that Suunto must look into. Suunto must look into the feasibility of expanding its product line to produce products that will fill the needs of other users in aviation, and the military for example. This expansion in product offerings has the potential of increasing market share and revenue. Suunto will have to overcome challenges to expand its product offerings and increase its market share. This marketing plan presents...
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...PSYC 460 Week 1 to 8 Quizzes Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwaid.com/shop/psyc-460-week-1-to-8-quizzes/ Week One Quiz - Psychological make-up Part 1 of 1 - 15.0/ 15.0 Points Question 1 of 15 1.0/ 1.0 Points Trait anxiety refers to _________ anxiety, whereas state anxiety refers to __________ anxiety. A.general; momentary B.momentary; general C.competitive; noncompetitive D.noncompetitive; competitive Question 2 of 15 1.0/ 1.0 Points The phenomenological approach to personality is consistent with the interactional approach except that it focuses on A.the individual's interpretation of the situation and himself or herself B.the traits of an individual C.the situation a person is dealing with at the time D.the behavior of the individual E.the outcome of the behavior Question 3 of 15 1.0/ 1.0 Points Which of the following is not a subscale from the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory? A.concentration B.coachability C.goal setting D.imagery E.freedom from worry Question 4 of 15 1.0/ 1.0 Points Test anxiety is an example of a A.trait measure B.state measure C.situation-specific trait measure D.situation-specific state measure Question 5 of 15 1.0/ 1.0 Points The situational approach to personality assumes that A.individuals behave differently across situations ...
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...Executive Summary Nike manufactures and markets sports apparel and equipment on a global scale. They operate in 160 different countries, and have revenues of $18.6 billion. Yet, they are a growth company. Without any significant acquisition, they have consistently grown revenues and profits over the past several years by shifting emphasis on brands they own in growth sectors. Nike’s marketing strategy revolved around two concepts – premium positioning and everyone with a body is an athlete. These concepts drive their strategies, including endorsements from the world’s most popular athletes, and the development of products for both the serious athlete and the mass market. Financially, Nike is strong. They are liquid and are on a steady growth trajectory. They are, however, underleveraged. The company derives significant strength from its global production and logistics network. Despite this, the company faces many threats, both competitive and economic. Nike is well-positioned to defend against these threats. Their move into growth sectors of the market shows savvy. It is recommended that their convoluted organizational structure to reduce operational duplication. They should also adjust their capital structure to make it more efficient. It may also be time for Nike to make a major acquisition, capitalizing on slumping equity markets to strengthen their defenses against economic downturn and competitive threats. If Nike is able to make these adjustments and strategic...
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...“educator”, “coach” and “teacher” (Bergmann Drewe, 2000a). Prior to becoming a successful, well researched (Côté and Gilbert, 2009), elite basketball coach, John Wooden, was a well-renowned teacher, he described himself an educator (Wooden, 1997), but neither a coach nor a teacher. Differences A direct-instruction classified approach (Lodewyk, 2015), originating from behaviourist theory (Watson, 1913), is the most common delivery style of physical education teachers and coaches (Butler, 2005). The practice relies on inflexibly structured physical instruction, prioritisation of skill mastery and technical execution in isolation, a lack of engagement and purposeful interaction which cultivates disaffected participants (Azzarito & Ennis, 2003), perhaps defining a different approach between coaches (and physical education teachers) and...
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...Is sports journalism dominated by white males and, if so, how does this influence the representation of other ethnic groups? Introduction The world of sports journalism has long been seen as the domain of the white, middle-class male (Farrington, Kilvington, Price & Saeed, 2012). For several decades the status quo remained the same: white male journalists reporting on white male athletes to a white male audience. However during the 1990s the emergence of black footballers, both domestic and foreign, within the British game began to change the overall dynamic. In addition to this sport became big business, moving from the back pages to the front (Boyle, 2006), and occasions such as the Olympic Games are now massive worldwide events that receive similarly massive attention from the world’s media. It is clear that sport has changed dramatically over the past 20 years, as has the diversity of the athletes who appear in our newspapers, on our television screens and on our radios. With reference to these points I intend to investigate whether sports journalism is still dominated by white males, and if so, how does this cultural bias influence how other ethnic groups are represented in the sporting media. Due to word constraints the essay shall focus on Northern Europe, specifically Sweden and the United Kingdom. Diversity in the newsroom Diversity in a news organisation can bring many benefits, including a broader spectrum of opinion, varied specialist knowledge and both...
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...Manifesto for the Chief Executive Election 2012 C.Y. Leung ONE HEART, ONE VISION C.Y. Leung 1 4 1. Population and Human Resources 10 2. Land Planning and Transportation 16 3. Economic Policy 22 4. Housing 34 5. Education 39 6. Social Welfare 44 7. Medical and Health Services 51 8. Religion, Culture and Arts 56 9. Sports Policy Table of Content Foreword 62 10. Environment Protection and Conservation 66 11. Administrative and Political System 72 Epilogue 80 ONE HEART, ONE VISION 2 3 Election 2012, has provided me with a much deeper understanding of the expectations of different sectors in our society. And, at the same time, it has strengthened my resolve to serve the community as a whole. During this period, my campaign team and I have visited all 18 districts, held consultative gatherings ~ "Together we write the Manifesto" ~ and met with people from all walks of life at close quarters. We listened to the views expressed by ordinary people, who make up the majority of the population, and we talked to business people, both big corporations and local traders alike. We attended numerous other activities, met with Members of the Election Committee and answered their queries. Every step of the way, we were accompanied by the media, reporting and helping us to spread our messages to those who were not able to come to the gatherings. We were mindful that every proposal which...
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...College of Health and Life Sciences Department of Life Sciences Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences SP 1804 Introduction of Physical Activity Health and Wellbeing ASSESSED COURSEWORK Part 1 Essay Part 2 Conference Reviews STUDENT ID 1541706 WORD COUNT ESSAY 2000 WORD COUNT CONFERENCE REVIEW 1 1000 WORD COUNT CONFERENCE REVIEW 2 1000 Study Block Leader Dr Louise Mansfield Within this essay I have demonstrated a clear understanding of the ways that physical activity can contribute to physical, psychological and social improvements in health and wellbeing. According to World Health Organisation, WHO, Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure, (WHO, 2015). There are various concepts on health and wellbeing and remains a complex subject but according to Claude Bouchard, Health is a human condition with physical, psychological, social dimensions, each characterized on a continuum with positive and negative poles. Positive health is associated with capacity to enjoy life and withstand challenges; it is not merely the absence of disease. (Bouchard, 1990). Wellbeing is often described as a sense of good feeling and functioning well, this includes having a fair share of material recourses, influence and control, sense of meaning, belonging and connection with people and the capability to manage problems and change. (Wellbeingenterprises.org.uk, 2015) The human body has...
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...Cited…………………………………………………………………………P.17 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….P.18 Worked Cited………………………………………………………………………P.19 Brief History One of the biggest name in American sports clothing and accessories is Under Armour. This company focuses on providing hi-tech sportswear for professional athletes, but they also have a large range of sportswear and casual apparel for others. Kevin Plank founder and CEO of Under Armour, he first carne up with the ideas for Under Armour in 1995. Plank was the special teams' captain on the University of Maryland football team. He noticed after every game him and his teammate cotton T-shirt were heavily soaked in sweat. He told himself "there has to be something better". He also noticed that his synthetic fabric short in wore in practice stay dry. After graduation from Maryland, Plank set out to corne with a product that sports have never seen before. On a trip to New York City famous garment district for fabric samples, Plank create is first prototype. The first prototype he created was given to old teammates at Maryland and friends who now plays in the NFL. The feedbacks that he received, prompt he to create a better product. He went back to work and quickly carne up with a revolutionary new T-shirt made from microfibers that wicked moisture and kept athlete cool, dry, and light. Soon after...
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...BTEC Edexcel Level 2 BTEC First Certificate and Edexcel Level 2 BTEC First Diplomas in Sport For first teaching from September 2006 Issue 2 March 2007 Specification Edexcel Level 2 BTEC First Certificate and Edexcel Level 2 BTEC First Diplomas in Sport Edexcel, a Pearson company, is the UK’s largest awarding body offering academic and vocational qualifications and testing to more than 25,000 schools, colleges, employers and other places of learning here and in over 100 countries worldwide. We deliver 9.4 million exam scripts each year, with 3 million marked onscreen in 2005. Our qualifications include GCSE, AS and A Level, GNVQ, NVQ and the BTEC suite of vocational qualifications from entry level to BTEC Higher National Diplomas and Foundation Degrees. We also manage the data collection, marking and distribution of the National Curriculum Tests at Key Stages 2 and 3, and the Year 7 Progress Tests. References to third party material made in this specification are made in good faith. Edexcel does not endorse, approve or accept responsibility for the content of materials, which may be subject to change, or any opinions expressed therein. (Material may include textbooks, journals, magazines and other publications and websites.) Authorised by Jim Dobson Prepared by Dominic Sutton Publications Code BF017349 All the material in this publication is copyright © Edexcel Limited 2007 Essential principles for delivering a BTEC This specification contains the rules...
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