...competitive sports, doping refers to the use of banned athletic performance-enhancing drugs by athletic competitors, where the term doping is widely used by organizations that regulate sporting competitions. Doping has turned into a world wide issue that still to this day has gone unnoticed by society but some how seems to cross many peoples minds. Little do the athletes and the contributors to their addiction know what lasting effects involving health issues, how it alters their life longevity, and how it can also ruin their careers. Doping is an unfair advantage in sports and deserves to be banned. A article “Drug abuse in Athletes,” by Claudia Reardon and Shane Creado, part of the department of psychiatry, at the University...
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...Ethical issues regarding the use of Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports In the history of 20th century sports, specifically in the post World War 2 era, there has been an ever increasing use of performance enhancing drugs in all avenues of sport. Sports have become money making machine for both athletes and big business and the “win at all costs” attitude which has permeated itself into all aspects of professional and college level athletics. Winners make money, losers don’t. The temptation of fame, notoriety and million dollar contracts in all venues of sport is a lure for many athletes. Elite professional athletes are worshiped in today’s society. This paper will elaborate on the use of performance enhancing drugs in the sporting world and the associated sports ethical issues. It is a majority belief in all sporting circles that the “true” spirit of sportsmanship does not allow any aspect of performance enhancing drugs. There are several arguments both in favor and against the use of performance enhancing drugs which will be presented and discussed in this paper. While addressing this ethical issue, we need to define the term ethics. Ethics can be defined as the socially accepted norms and values. These norms and values are varied from society to society and are based on culture and tradition. Ethics also could be defined as the unsaid, un-written and understood laws that prevail in a society. Ethics also cover what is right and what is wrong in society and teaches...
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...Illegal Drug Use in Sports Drug testing in professional sports should be at random times and professional sports leagues should have stricter policies on drug testing. Performance enhancing drugs give professional athletes unfair advantages that are unfair to the athletes who do not use performance enhancing drugs. When athletes use performance enhancing drugs it affects their health and if they are caught when drug tested the athlete can face severe punishments. Consequently, if an athlete is caught using performance enhancing drugs it sends a negative message to young people that often look up to professional athletes. If drug testing was not required in professional sports, some athletes would gain an unfair advantage. Performance enhancing drugs have been used from all the way back to the Greek Olympics through present day. The first drug tests began in February 1968 at the Winter Olympic Games in Grenoble, France. "The IOC instituted its first compulsory doping controls at the Winter Olympic Games in Grenoble, France in 1968 and again at the Summer Olympic Games in Mexico City in the same year. At that time the list of banned substances issued in 1967 included narcotic analgesics and stimulants, which comprised sympathomimetic amines, psychomotor stimulants and miscellaneous central nervous system stimulants [including alcohol]. Although it was suspected that androgenic anabolic steroids were being used at this time, testing methods were insufficiently developed to...
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...Athletes enhancing their performance are common in sports today. Headlines seem to pop up every month about athletes doping across various sports. Through the use of injections or pills, the use of drugs in sports goes back almost to the invention of the concept of sports. Sports like wrestling, soccer, American football and cycling are among the many sports that are influenced by doping. These performance enhancing drugs make the body produce more red blood cells and only last for a short period of time, contrasting to the regular steroid. These drugs allow the athlete to obtain more oxygen into their system – enhancing their performance for a few hours before returning to their normal state. More and more athletes are doping, with Lance Armstrong...
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...Performance enhancing drugs have been used by athletes for decades. In ancient Greece, some of the earliest Olympians used substances in an attempt to gain a competitive advantage. The drugs that they would use would either be plant seeds or extracts of mushrooms. Later in Rome, gladiators were known to have turned to drugs. The gladiators would dope for many different reasons, from dulling pain to creating a bloodier spectacle for viewers. In professional baseball, players like Barry Bonds and Jason Giambi were called in front of Congress to discuss steroid use in baseball for two weeks. Congress insisted that steroids were ruining the sport and needed to be banned when, in reality, reported revenues were vastly increased during the steroid era. Congress also preached about a level playing field, but the New York Yankees have a payroll three times that of average teams so how fair can the league really be without a salary cap. This research paper is not on the fairness of baseball though; it is about why a person would choose to do PEDs and how it affects society. Looking at some of the influences presented; it is shown that winning is a major force, a motive and drive; going deeper into winning we conclude that money is one of the major rewards for winning. These are seen as endorsements, contracts, and advertisement opportunities that are very profitable and also sponsor individual players and teams in sports. These revenues influence and encourage individuals in sports to preform or...
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...amount of money players earn each year is more than most people get in a lifetime. The players that get paid that large amount of money and get caught using steroids from the drug tests only get suspended and fined for a certain amount of money for a certain amount of days. The fines are pocket money for the players and the suspension is a break for them. Most sports fans know Alex Rodriguez, or more commonly known as “A Rod”, has had a very bad past with being associated with steroids. Alex has been caught multiple times for taking performance enhancing drugs. Performance enhancing drugs makes the user stronger and overall it will improve the statistics of the player and the chances of winning for the team they play for. So the MLB has increased some suspensions and fines for repeat offenders but it has no effect on them. That means Alex Rodriguez is cheating and making millions of dollars a year and getting away with it. Drug testers that get negative results should instantly put the players name on a list and call the Commissioner. After the Commissioner gets the list he should call the Organization of the teams of which the players play for, and the performance enhancing drug abusers will be banned from the game. The MLB needs to permanently ban players who are caught cheating if not, players who abuse steroids get to live their lives with millions of dollars by just...
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...Youssef Haggag Prof. Brian Altano WRT-101-098WB January 14, 2016 Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports Have you ever considered the pros and cons of Performance Enhancing Drugs?! Nowadays Performance Enhancing Drugs are so popular in athlete's life and athletics have a big temptation about it and its effect however its forbidden in the united states unless it is used for specific treatment. Decades ago the facts of performance enhancers have shown us a lot about what these drugs can do to our bodies and how badly does it affect the body. Since they discovered These stimuli they tried it at the beginning on animals for example the racing dogs and horses then athletes started to use it after seeing its crazy effect on the performance and the shape of the body. In the first place, according to researches and surveys about the advantages and disadvantages of Performance Enhancing Drugs on health some people think that “If each of us ought to be free to assume risks that we think are worth taking, shouldn't athletes have the same freedom as anyone else? In particular, if athletes prefer the gains in performance allegedly provided by the use of steroids, along with the increased risk of harm to the alternative of less risk and worse performance, what gives anyone the right to interfere with their choice? After all, if we should not forbid smokers from risking their health by smoking, why should we prohibit track stars or weightlifters from taking risks with their health in...
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...Cole Cunningham, Thomas Glenn, and Michael Vasquez 11/17/13 Jeanette Laredo English 1320.017 Risk-Enhancing Drugs – Is Winning the Only Thing? How far would you go to win? The culture of sports revolves around the goal of winning, this mindset forces athlete to take risk; however, does this ideology cause athletes to make bad decisions. One of the biggest issues in sports today is the use of performance-enhancing drugs as a way of “cheating” in order to get an edge on opponents. From the high school level all the way up to the professional level, men and women have been caught using these drugs, which are banned. It is easy to see the positive effects of using these performance-enhancing drugs with athletes becoming faster, bigger, and stronger; however, these athletes and there spectators don’t realize why these performance enhancing drugs are actually illegal, especially college students who are the major risk takers. Attached to the natural benefits of these drugs that make athletes feel closer to achieving their dream of winning are health risk, reputation risk, and loads of other negative effects of using PEDs. Enrolled in the University of North Texas, the authors of this paper have created a blog in order to appeal to the athletes here at UNT in order to help educate them on the exact reasons why these performance-enhancing drugs are illegal and to help persuade them against using them. In addition to reading and learning about the negative effects of PEDs, we have...
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...take performance enhancing drugs despite the risks involved? Abstract Drugs in sport is an ongoing problem which I believe will never be completely abolished from the sporting world. We have definitely come a long way since the early days of drug use with the introduction of governing bodies such ad WADA to help control the testing of athletes and the detection of illegal substances, however I do not think we will be able to completely remove this ’drug culture’ from the sporting world. Therefore having experienced first-hand the drug testing practices involved in detection after competing in the world youth championships this year I was interested to look into the motivation behind athletes who choose to cheat and risk their future career both athletically and their career after retirement having been branded as a 'cheat’ within their sport. I will do this by looking into the history of drug use in sport and the enhancements the drugs provide to performance to try to understand why athletes risk their careers to simply win. Contents | | Abstract | 2 | Introduction | 2 | Drugs in sport; a modern problem? | 3 | Drugs in sport: what are they? * Amphetamines * Anabolic steroids * EPO * Diuretics * Caffeine | 3-6 | Drugs in sport: health risks | 6-7 | Drugs in sport: detection and punishment...
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...BUILDING EVIDENCE-BASED ARGUMENTS DEVELOPING CORE PROFICIENCIES ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS / LITERACY UNIT GRADE 7 “Doping can be that last 2 percent.” OD LL DUCATION www.odelleducation.com OD LL DUCATION Page 1 EVIDENCE-BASED ARGUMENTATION Literacy – the integrated abilities to read texts closely, to investigate ideas and deepen understanding through research, to make and evaluate evidence-based claims, and to communicate one’s perspective in a reasoned way – is fundamental to participation in civic life. Thus, the importance of a literate citizenry was understood and expressed by Thomas Jefferson early in the life of our democratic nation. Today, students face the prospect of participating in a civic life that stretches beyond the boundaries of a single nation and has become increasingly contentious, characterized by entrenched polarization in response to complex issues. Citizens have access to a glut of information (some of which is nothing more than opinion passed off as fact) and are often bombarded by bombast rather than engaged in reasoned and civil debate. Learning the skills and habits of mind associated with argumentation – how to conceive and communicate “arguments to support claims, using valid reasoning and sufficient evidence” [CCSS W1] as well as how to “delineate and evaluate the argument[s]” and “the validity of the reasoning and relevance and sufficiency of the evidence” presented by others [CCSS R8] – is therefore...
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...Garret Necaise 5/7/12 PSY 435 TuTh 11:00-12:15pm Article Critique #1 (Addiction Theories) “Television addiction: Theories and Data Behind the Ubiquitous Metaphor” This article was presented in the American Psychological Association by Robert Mcllwraith, Robin Jacobvitz, Robert Kubey, and Alison Alexander. Mcllwraith is the head of the Department of Clinical Health Psychology and the director of the Rural and Northern Psychology Program. Jacobvitz is a Psychology educator and consultant in Albuquerque, NM. Kubey is the professor of Journalism and Media Studies, and director of the Center for Media Studies at Rutgers University. Alexander has a Ph.D in Communication at Ohio State and has taught research methods, writing, media and society, and seminars in children and television. The reader population for this article is focused on an interest or relation to television addiction. The authors wrote this to present four theoretical models of television addiction derived from existing psychological data on this subject. These models are valuable because they give the reader a viewpoint on where this type of addiction is based from: the television's effects on imagination, the arousal level affected from the effect of television, a manifestation of a dependent or addictive personality, and a pattern of uses associated with the television medium. However, it still remains to be determined whether or not this use of television for effect modulation represents a significant...
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...Steroids in Sports While many are attracted to steroids for an improvement in athletic performance many athletes now a days are taking steroids, why is that? Is it to make a squad, or impress a member of the opposite sex? There is not a right or wrong answer to why athletes feel the need to take performance enhancing drugs. However ones psychological state, genetic mishaps, or even performance pressures from the coaching staff, can lead an athlete to steroids. Issues of cheating or winning at any cost, are becoming more and more common among athletes of all ages and levels of ability. The use of steroids is one of the biggest issues in the current debate whether or not it is fair for drug-free athletes to have to compete with athletes that break the law and take illegal steroids. Allowing those with an unfair advantage to compete can pressure drug-free athletes to use steroids to remain competitive. The use of steroids by athletes over the last decade and a half is well documented and proven no matter how many tried to deny their cheating in order to get a leg up on their competitors. Steroids continue to taint the sports world as we speak. It has come to light that baseball superstars Barry Bonds, Alex Rodriguez, and Mark McGwire have admitted using preforming enhancing drugs during their baseball careers. Each athlete’s statistics ballooned to numbers never achieved before by prior athletes. While some athletes deny knowing they were doing anything illegal or cheating they...
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...Name: Fernando Gonzalez General topic: Against legalizing performance enhancing drugs in sports Specific purpose: I want to persuade my audience in to seeing the reasons why we should not legalize performance-enhancing drugs Organizational pattern: Topical Introduction Attention-getter: Michael Jordan, Magic Johnson, LeBron James, Joe Montana, Kobe Bryant, and many more are all names of athletes written in history to be known as, one of the greatest, a hero, Spectacular, amazing, an Idol and so on. Tumors, osteoarthritis, congestive heart failure, lung cancer, Diabetes, high blood pressure and many more are all names of risks of taking performance enhancing drugs that people are willing to take to be known as, one of the greatest, a hero, Spectacular, amazing, or an Idol Purpose statement: today, I would like to reveal the ways legalizing performance enhancing drugs would tarnish the future of sports and athletes Preview: I would like to discuss three Main problems with legalizing performance enhancing-drugs First: ruining the legacies of past athletes Second: side effects in the present Third: future possibilities Transition: let me begin by explaining the effects legalizing the drugs would have on our past I. Legalizing performance-enhancing drugs will not only disrespect but also disregard all of the great accomplishments made by great athletes before us through pure hard work and will A. Barry bonds record is already an example (diminishes...
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...Governance in Sport and the corruption of the IAAF (International Association of Athletics Federation) Introduction This report is going to analyse the corruption of the international association of athletics Federation, and will evaluate the practice that this sporting organisation carries out. The best practice in other organisations will be compared to the IAAF and will make recommendations for the future from other organisations in order for this company to improve. The IAAF have faced challenging, governing and integrity issues since the end of 2014, throughout 2015, and now even into 2016. Decades of doping scandals and conspiracy charges have been made public and the IAAF have a lot to answer to in order for operations to return back to normal. The article in which I will be evaluating is titled; Athletics Doping Scandal: Blood experts criticise IAAF Claims. It was published on the 28th November 2015, and gives an insight into the corruption of the IAAF and if misconduct is taking place over the world; it can be accessed via http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/athletics/34953362 Governance in a sporting Organisation Governance plays a key role in all sporting organisations, it promotes ethical principles of conduct and helps to allow companies to work in regulations of the correct code of practice. International sporting organisations and leaders see governance as somewhat a critical challenge, this is because of the increasing repetition of corruption, match fixing, and doping...
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...Annotated Bibliography Drugs in Sport Calum Thouless Legend 2154980 (Kumar Neeraj, 2011) Spelling - Red Grammar - Green Sentence construction - Yellow Incorrect reference - Blue In this article Kumar Neeraj, Paul Maman and Sandhu J.S perform a survey to increase their knowledge and insight as to why the supporting factors of psychological and social could potentially lead players towards using drug abuse substances. The authors gained primary data by conducting surveys which 303 players participated in, with the questions consisting of performance enhancing attitudes, perfectionism and motivation among other factors. Their research focuses on reviewing the player’s answers to their surveys and their opinions on the different factors which could lead to drug abuse. This article is helpful to me as it indulges into the players own personal opinions on what factors lead to drug abuse in sports and there are multiple surveys in which these opinions are portrayed. The main limitation of the article is that the 303 participants were all in the age group of 18 to 35 which limits the opinions to older/former players or athletes. The authors of this article mention how much of this research is restricted to an individual’s perception rather than a whole team’s perception and that more in depth research needs to be conducted in order for this entire subject to be concluded. (Nadra E. Lisha, 2010) In this article the authors review data of 34 peer-reviewed quantitative...
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