...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY User authentication for network or internet based environment posed a challenging task for system and network administrator. This statement is true and is still very much applicable till these days as it is a well known fact that authentication is being widely incorporated as part of access control for most systems. Authentication has been the catalyst for business organization in information protection and security. Implementation of access control policies, standards or procedures involves the identification of appropriate authentication mechanism whereby the criticality of the information being protected are being used as justification for having a more refined authentication mechanism as compared to a more simple approach. Without the appropriate authentication mechanism in place, attacker could easily gain access to systems or applications by utilizing personal information, gained through various means, including but not limited to social engineering. Conventional textual passwords are the most common mechanism used in authentication. This method requires a user to enter their username and password, either in alphabet or numeric, or more commonly, a mixture of both forms as authentication tokens to gain access to systems or applications. Two recent surveys have shown that users choose short, simple passwords that are easily guessable, for example, “password”, personal names of family members, names...
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...FRANK WOOD’S business accounting TENTH EDITION 1 FRANK WOOD & ALAN SANGSTER Additional student support at www.pearsoned.co.uk/wood FRANK WOOD’S business accounting 1 Visit the Business Accounting, tenth edition Companion Website at www.pearsoned.co.uk/wood to find valuable student learning material including: l l l l l l Learning objectives for each chapter Multiple choice questions to help test your learning Review questions and answers Links to relevant sites on the web Searchable online glossary Flashcards to test your knowledge of key terms and definitions Frank Wood 1926–2000 FRANK WOOD’S business accounting TENTH EDITION 1 FRANK WOOD BSc (Econ), FCA and ALAN SANGSTER BA, MSc, Cert TESOL, CA Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE and Associated Companies throughout the world. Visit us on the World Wide Web at www.pearsoned.co.uk First edition published in 1967 Second edition published under the Longman imprint in 1972 Third edition published in 1979 Fourth edition published in 1984 Fifth edition published in 1989 Sixth edition published in 1993 Seventh edition published in 1996 Eighth edition published under the Financial Times Pitman Publishing imprint in 1999 Ninth edition published in 2002 Tenth edition published 2005 © Frank Wood 1967 © Longman Group UK Limited 1972, 1979, 1984, 1989, 1993 © Pearson Professional Limited 1996 © Financial Times Professional Limited 1999 © Pearson Education Limited...
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