...CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter covers the methods of research used, research design, the description of the respondents, the sources of data, the instrument, the procedures, and the methods used in the analysis of data and statistical treatment of data that were used in the present study. Research Method The study used the descriptive- quantitative method of research. It is a type of research that describes what is to be studied; it is also a research which information is collected without manipulating or changing the environment. It is often called to be correlational or observational studies. It can involve cross – sectional study that involves a one – time interaction with groups of people or longitudinal study which follows individual over time. Surveys are often used in this kind of research. Descriptive research is a numerical data gathered through test surveys, observations and interviews. Variables are not manipulated, but are measured as they occur. Sub groups may be compared are some measures two or more variables may be correlated and does not attempt to identify cause of differences or relationships just if they exist. Description of the Respondents The respondents of the study involved sixty (60) intern psychology students with an age range of eighteen (18) to twenty one (21) years old. These psychology students were all facing on-the-job training inside the mental facilities. The sixty (60)...
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...lietuvišką knyga “Katekizmas“ teigė, kad žmogus negali jaustis laimingas atsisakęs savo šaknų, o juk tos šaknys tai mūsų gimtoji kalba ir jos didinga istorija. Tos šaknys turi būti gerbiamos, puosėlejamos, kad tauta išliktu tvirta. Taigi manau, kad ir šių laikų žmogui, kuris myli ir gerbia savo gimto krašto istoriją ir tame krašte gyvenančius žmones, turi puosėlėti savo gimtąją kalbą ją gerai mokėdamas, neišduodamas savo šaknų. Renesanso laikotarpiu labai didelę reikšmę turėjo teisingumo svarbos suvokimas ir moralė. Štai vėlyvojo Renesanso metu didysis dramaturgas Viljamas Šekspyras savo garsiąjame kūrinyje “Hamletas“ iškėlė tokias vertybes, kaip moralė ir teisingumas. Hamletui, kaip didelės moralės žmogui, nuolat teko kovoti su savais “demonais“ ir tai privertė veikėją klausti savęs „Kas yra tikra?“, „Kas aš esu?“, „Ar keršto kelias yra teisingas?“. Hamletas, kaip ir kiekvienas išsilavinęs žmogus, protingai mąstė, apsvarstė kiekvieną dalyką. Bet štai moralė, jos vertė išties smuko šiais moderniais laikais. Žmogui teisingumas prarado prasmę, dabar svarbiau yra pasiekti...
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...Personality and Individual Differences 34 (2003) 971–982 www.elsevier.com/locate/paid Stress and illness in American and Russian college students Dmitri Poltavski, F. R. Ferraro* Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota, Box 8380, Grand Forks, ND 58202-8380, USA Received 15 June 2001; received in revised form 24 January 2002; accepted 24 March 2002 Abstract The differences in perceptions of potentially stressful events among 139 college students from Russia and USA were investigated in relation to somatic illness. Individual interpretations were assessed using the Life Events Survey. The instrument was administered in conjunction with the State-Trait Anxiety Index. Results indicated more perceived stress by the Russian student sample but more frequent incidence of reported illness in the American student sample. American female college students showed greater anxiety levels and more perceived stress in comparison to male students. Females also reported a greater number of illness occurrences. # 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Stress; Illness; Cross-cultural; Russia; College students 1. Introduction For centuries, the maintenance of the internal physiological equilibrium has been considered vital for the well-being of any living organism. Having subsumed both emotional and physiological states of equilibrium under the term ‘‘homeostasis’’ Cannon (1932) thus brought psychology into the realm of physiology. Selye (1976)...
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...The principles of research ethics were strictly observed throughout both data collection and processing. Results Correlations between forgiveness and all the investigated variables The main research question was whether there are statistically significant relationships between the overall degree of trait forgiveness and selected aspects of mental health: positive mental health, trait anxiety, trait depression and the quality of interpersonal relationships. The collected data was processed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The overall score received for the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS) was compared with the overall score for the Mental Health Continuum Scale (MHC), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), State-Trait Depression Inventory (STDI) and Positive Relations with Others (PRWO). Table 1: Coefficients of Correlation between Forgiveness, Positive Mental Health, Trait Anxiety, Trait Depression and Positive Relations with Others Positive Mental Health Trait Anxiety Trait Depression Positive Relations with Others Forgiveness r r r...
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...Vino Cerveza Zumo Leche Queso Bebida Fruta Manzana Plátano Atún Ajo Pizza Pan Mantequilla Patata frita Acqua Vino Birra Succo Latte Formaggio Bevanda, bibita Frutta Mela Banana Tonno Aglio Pizza Pane Burro Patata fritta Pera Naranja Limón Fresa Carne Rosbif Cebolla Jamón Beicon Pescado Pasta Judía Hamburguesa Nuez Tostada Verdura Pera Arancia Limone Fragola Carne Roast beef, rosbif Cipolla Prosciutto Pancetta Pesce Pasta Fagiolo Hamburger Noce Pane tostato Verdura EXPRESIONES TÍPICAS (ESPRESSIONE CARATTERISTICE) Hola Adiós Soy de... Tengo ... años ¿Cómo estás? ¿Qué tal? ¿Qué hora es? Por aquí Bien, gracias Más o menos Dios mío! ¿Sabes? Enhorabuena Para empezar Para continuar Finalmente Ciao Ciao, arrivederci Vengo da... Ho ... anni Come stai? E tu? Che ora è? Che ore sono? Da questa parte Bene, grazie Più o meno Dio santo! Sai? Congratulazioni In primo luogo Secondariamente, in secondo luogo Alla fine, finalmente Para serte sincero A essere sincero, a essere franco ¿Qué diablos...? Che diavolo...? ¿Qué coño...? Che cazzo...? Por favor Per favore ¡Mierda! Merda! Eso creo Penso di sì Me temo... Temo che... ¿Te importaría...? Ti dispiace...?, ti rincresce...? Bienvenido Benvenuto Por supuesto Sicuro! Ya veo Capisco De acuerdo Certo, va bene, vabbè No comprendo Non capisco Soy español Sono espagnolo De acuerdo con... Secondo, conformemente a... Así que... Quindi, dunque, perciò NUMEROS (NUMERO) Uno Dos Tres Cuatro Cinco Seis Siete Ocho Nueve Diez Once Doce Trecediecinueve Veinte...
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...Anxiety Scores of Informal Caregivers Theresa A. Patterson Mount Aloysius College Abstract Informal caregivers, or family members who provide care to their physically or cognitively impaired relatives, are leading providers of services to elderly individuals. However, caregivers frequently experience symptoms of depression, stress and anxiety. Also, caregivers may suffer from physical or psychological distress as a result of these symptoms. The author examined the effects of depression, stress and anxiety and suggested an assessment instrument to gauge levels of anxiety. In addition, strengths and limitations of this approach were delineated. The author hypothesized that caregivers would exhibit higher anxiety scores than non-caregivers. This hypothesis was tested by comparing a group of informal caregivers to a group of non-caregivers. Furthermore, recommendations for reduction of stress and anxiety symptoms were made. Anxiety Scores of Informal Caregivers Family members of elderly, impaired individuals in the United States provide the majority of necessary daily care for their relatives (Sheehan & Nuttall, 1988). These caregivers may be described as informal: individuals who provide unpaid care to a friend or family member out of love and respect for the impaired person (George & Gwyther, 1986). Unfortunately, many caregivers reported significant stress, depression and anxiety (Sheehan & Nuttall, 1988). Research demonstrated a correlation...
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...Self-Care Paper: Utilizing Yoga as a Health Management Technique: The ABCs of Downward Dog Michele Lemma, RN Pace University Self-Care Paper: Yoga as a Stress Management Technique: The ABCs of Downward Dog Yoga is an age-old discipline which seeks to create a balance between the mind, body, and spirit. It incorporates physical activity with specialized breathing and meditation. The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of yoga as a health management technique. “Due to the increasing popularity of yoga, it has not only been used as a treatment for a range of health conditions, it has been practiced by healthy adults for health maintenance and disease prevention” (Olpin & Hesson, 2013, p. 334). Current research links the practice of yoga to a decrease in psychological stress and improved physical health (Ross & Thomas, 2010). Review of the Literature Historical Overview Although it has been practiced in India for more than 5,000 years, yoga did not become widespread in Western society until recently (Li & Goldsmith, 2012). Not unlike the branches of a tree, it has eight “limbs” of its own: yama (restraint), niyama (observance), asana (physical exercises), pranayama (breathing techniques), pratyahara (preparation for meditation), dharana (concentration), dhyana (meditation), and samadhi (absorption). These limbs comprise the constructs of yoga and are an integral part of its various styles. Its practice restores the body to a balanced physiological...
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...Lin Article Critic II Liberty University Lin Article Critic II This paper will review Lin article, Effects of Forgiveness Therapy on Anger, Mood, and Vulnerability to Substance use among Inpatient Substance-dependent Clients, and critic population of the study vs. population of interest, Operationalization aspects, Evaluation of DV measurement, and Evaluation of DV measurement. Lin, Wei-Fen. Mack, D, Enright, R, Krahn Dean, &Thomas Baskin (2004), states that the level of anger and violence observed among alcohol and substance abusers are far higher than the levels found in the general population, and coping skills have been implemented in many substance abuse programs to teach patients how to become aware of their anger and also manage their emotions effectively. Many researchers have directed their focus on Forgiveness Therapy (FT) as an alternative option to any other treatment for patients to overcome their emotional bondage, which leads them to misuse alcohol and dependency to controlled substances. The hypothesis in this study is that Forgiveness Therapy decreases the frequency and severity of anger, anxiety, and depression, and patients in residential treatment for alcohol and drug dependency have demonstrated less anger and urge towards drug use after receiving this treatment. Critic of Population of the Study This study, which took place in a residential drug rehabilitation facility, targeted the effects of Forgiveness Therapy in decreasing the frequency and...
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...discuss his concerns and allow me a chance to interview Kyle about information I felt was pertinent to the issue at hand. Kyle has some doubts about whether he is qualified to attend the University of his choice, Duke University. He is also concerned with whether he will be successful at all in his future education and career. The purpose of testing Kyle is to provide him with guidance about his future college major and continuing education. Testing Kyle will help determine his strengths, weaknesses and interests to help him find the career and college major that best match his personality. ASSESSMENT METHODS: Examinee Biography Otis-Lennon School Ability Tests (OLSAT) California Psychological Inventory (CPI) State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Strong Interest Inventory (Strong)| Big 5 Personality Inventory EXAMINEE BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Kyle Smith is a 17 year old senior at Erwin High School in the small town of Erwin. He is 5'8" and weighs about 143 lbs. Kyle lives with both of his parents and also has two older brothers who left the house when Kyle was around eight years old. Kyle's paternal grandfather was an alcoholic and abandoned his family when Kyle's dad was young. Kyle's dad only received a fifth grade education before he had to quit school to work in the mills. Now he works very hard and supports his family during the week, but is a weekend alcoholic. Kyle describes his dad...
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...ir Latvijos bei Estijos apdirbamosios pramonės apyvarta, Vokietijos rodiklis sumenko penktadaliu , o visos ES 17%. Lietuvos AP įmonių produktyvumo lygis yra kelis kartus mažesnis nei išsivysčiusiose šalyse. Dėl drastiško pardavimų smukimo 2009m jam pagerėti galimybių nebuvo, tačiau vieno dirbančiojo sukurta pridėtinė vertė to meto kainomis sumenko palyginti nedaug – vos 3% , to kaina buvo ženklus darbuotojų dalies atleidimas antrus metus iš eilės: 2008m sąliginis darbuotojų skaičius apdirbamojoje gamyboje sumažėjo beveik 7% , o 2009m daugiau nei 22% iki 153tūkstančių. 2010m duomenyse darbo našumo šuolių tikėtis neverta,nes AP materialinių investicijų lygis 2009m labai sumenko, o palyginti su sėkmingais 2007m, jų apimtis smuko 2,6 karto. Štai kokios priežastys tai lėmė: ........ AP raida stipriai priklauso ne tik nuo eksporto rinkų plėtros, bet ir nuo verslo aplinkos mūsų valstybėje. Dabartinė krizė skatina šalies valdžią ir verslininkus bendromis pastangomis iš...
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...practice and is a mixture of slow movements, deep breathing, and mental focusing. The hypothesis was that the participants who did Qigong would have reduced anxiety and better mood while the control group would not. The participants were mostly women and some men with a mean age of 50.8. Twenty-eight of the participants were in the Qigong group and they did Jichu Gono, which is a type of Qigong, for 30 minutes and the remaining 31 participants were in the control group where they listened to a 30 minute lecture. Fan Xiulan, who is a Qigong master, gave the lecture about traditional Chinese medicine. The participants were asked to take a Profile of Mood States (POMS), which is how their mood was measured, and a State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), which measures their anxiety. The hypothesis was partially supported. The results showed that anxiety, depression, anger, and fatigue were all significantly lowered after the 30 minutes of...
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...www.citirerapida.ro -1- Autor: Vlad Ciocan ©2004, Toate drepturile sunt rezervate www.citirerapida.ro -2- Această carte este protejată sub legea dreptului de autor, Legea Nr 8/1996 aplicată în România. Este ilegală copierea sau distribuţia acestui manual sau a unor fragmente din acest manual prin orice mijloace fără acordul autorului. Această carte îţi aparţine ţie. www.citirerapida.ro -3- Bun venit în Clubul Citire Rapidă. Îţi mulţumesc pentru că ai cumpărat cartea “Citire şi Învăţare Rapidă”. Sper că studiezi şi pui în practică multe din tehnicile acestui material pentru a deveni mult mai competitiv în era informaţiei. Abilităţile de citire şi învăţare clasice trebuiesc îmbunătăţite, deoarece există foarte multă informaţie şi prea puţin timp pentru a o asimila. Pentru mulţi dintre noi, citirea este o problemă puţin dificilă, mai ales când nu dispunem de prea mult timp iar informaţiile sunt din ce în ce mai complexe. În timpul anilor de studii elevii şi studenţii au o sarcină importantă atunci când profesorii lor le recomandă carţi şi articole pe care trebuie să le parcurgă rapid. Mulţi dintre ei nu citesc repede şi nici nu reţin ceea ce au citit şi atunci această activitate devine uneori imposibil de realizat. Cei care muncesc în mare parte au probleme cu timpul liber acordat citirii diverselor materiale – cărţi, informaţii din domeniul solicitat, articole, procese verbale, scrisori, – care le sunt utile şi necesare, renunţând încet, încet, şi la...
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...Omul de zapada Omul de zapada Are guturai. Tare i-ar fi buna O cana de ceai. Zice iepurasul, Indulcindu-si glasul: " -Iti ofer un ceai, Dar te costa...nasul!" Ninge ninge! Ninge, ninge, ninge-ncetisor cade, cade cate-un fulgusor. Hai copii la derdelus Hai copii la sanius. Ninge, ninge, ninge-ncetisor Cade, cade-un fulg usor Campul, pomii-ntregul sat Haina alba-au imbracat. Omul de omat Eu sunt omul de omat, Singur nu mai vreau sa fiu. N-am cu cine sa ma joc Si pe alti copii, nu-i stiu. Ma bucur ca v-am aflat Poate ca-mi veti da si mie Un fular si-o palarie; Fiindca, astea sunt cam vechi, Sufla vantul prin urechi... Si, de-aceea am racit. Vorbesc gros si ragusit. Bradulet, bradut dragut Bradulet, bradut dragut, Ninge peste tine! Haide, hai, in casa mea, Unde-i cald si bine Pom de Anul Nou te fac, Cu beteala am sa te-mbrac Si stelute, o mie! Ger cumplit Gol, in crivat, sta-n ograda, Omul nostru de zapada Nici sosoni n-are macar Nici manusi si nici fular. -Mama, ada-l la caldura, Si sa-i dam ca-i tare frig, Ceai fierbinte si-un covrig! Gerul Asta noapte gerul A batut la geam. Cine sa-l auda? Daca eu dormeam. A cazut zapada si s-a luminat... Vai! Ce flori frumoase Gerul a pictat. Iarna Iarna cea geroasa A sosit acum. Bulgari de zapada Isi fac loc pe drum. Veselia-i mare Pentru noi cei mici, C-alergam pe strada Ca niste voinici. Iarna mult frumoasa, La noi sa mai...
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...are many ways in which an athlete can reduce their anxiety levels before a competition they are the simple things like breathing control, pre performance routine, slowing everything down, biofeedback which is the fight or flight scenario (Zaichkowsky & Takenaka, 1993). A big one that may be used would be to set up a stressful situation in a practice to allow that athlete to prepare themselves to the best of their ability in case the situation were to arise during a big competition. Just like every emotion anxiety has both state and trait components, the trait would be the personality disposition and state would be the situation specific response. The state-trait anxiety inventory which is an instrument that quantifies adult anxiety, the STAI includes 4o question. There are a lot of theories that could be presented in this review but I felt that these theories were the best to talk about anxiety and arousal. The Apters reversal theory is a theory that was based around personality but just as much as to arousal as well, the athletes will be described as telic or paratelic dominant. The Catastrophe model depends on the complex interaction of arousal and cognitive anxiety and if the cognitive anxiety is high levels of arousal go past the optimal point of arousal and then a rapid decline a catastrophe occurs. When cognitive anxiety is high but somatic anxiety is low performance is enhanced however when both cognitive and somatic anxiety are high, performance can suddenly deteriorate...
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...course of the regular football season. Demographic Survey A demographic survey will be administered. Requested information will include the following: (1) age, (2) ethnicity, (3) major, (4) classification and (5) GPA. Evaluation of Academic Clustering Participants with be classified into two groups based upon major selection. Individuals identified with greater than 25 Those Identification of 25% or greater of individuals on one team with-in the same major. Test anxiety questionnaire Test anxiety will be evaluated using the Westside text anxiety scale (Driscoll, 2007). Previous research indicated the scale to be an accurate measure for test anxiety. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory will be utilized to measure participants’ anxiety (Spielberger, 1970). The STAI measures two forms of anxiety, state (event) and trait (personal characteristics).The inventory is composed of 40 questions and based on a 4-point Likert scale. A high score is positively correlated with high levels of anxiety for each respective scale. Evaluation of Athletic Performance Athletic performance will be evaluated based on how well the participant played their particular position. Coaches and participants will be asked to use a 5-item scale with the following ranking: (1) - unsatisfactory and (5) –excellent to evaluate performance. Procedure The researchers will obtain permission from Northern Illinois University athletic department to administer research protocol. Every...
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