...Jail and Prison Paper Tameki Reed CJA/204 05/31/11 Robert White Jail and Prison Paper When it comes to jail and prison, there is a distinctive set of differences. Jail is a place of incarceration that is locally operated, while prisons are conducted by the state government or the federal government. Within the United States, there are about 3,600 jails but there are only about 100 federal prisons or rehabilitation facilities. Jails house inmates who have been convicted of a misdemeanors and their sentence is no greater than two years. In addition, a person may be held in jail while awaiting trial, has an unpaid bond, or was recently jailed. If a person is convicted of a state crime he or she will serve their sentence in a state prison as opposed to federal crimes which lands offenders in federal prisons. A jail’s amenities are very limited because of the light sentence and short periods of time spent there. A county jail offers work release, substance abuse programs, and may provide basic necessities to inmates. Prisons also offer work release programs, vocational training, halfway houses, as well as recreational facilities. Inmates at prisons will serve decades within the facility while others have to serve lifetime sentences behind bars. A major concern of prison staff and administrators is disruptive and violent behavior. Their concerns pertain to the safety of inmates as well as employees of the prison facility. Disruptive and violent behavior is not tolerated in...
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...History of state and federal prisons The histories of the state and federal prison systems have some connections which both systems has something distinctive. The State is usually operated by the state governments and consists of prisoners that are considered blue collar criminals and the federal systems are mainly associated with white collar criminals. Both prison systems have security levels which include minimum, low, medium, and high levels of security. History of punishment dates back to the origin of various civilizations. The former colonial criminal edicts were a inquisitive blend of English barbarity, religion, and pragmatism. Ever since the beginning of the world people have devised ways to punish individuals who commit offensive and intolerable acts. The idea of prisons however came later and the use of jails and detention methods was seen as more humanitarian process when compared to formal corporal methods to punish an offensive individual. In 1700 century the former philosophy of prison was presented and was accepted widely. In 1790 first ever prison was constructed in United States named as Walnut Street Jail. As the time went by the framework and processes of prison systems were devised and by 1930 The Federal Bureau of Prison was developed by congress that was headed by President Herbert Hoover .The original impartial United States prison was an old army penitentiary at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas and started accommodating offenders in 1895 (Keve,1995). In1880s...
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...History of State and Federal Prisons The history of state prisons start with the concept on which the institution was based upon, the penitentiary. The penitentiary was based on the eighteenth-century legal reforms where scholars searched for a more humane and reform-oriented alternative to death and other physical punishments that seemed inhumane, according to our textbook. (Foster, 2006) In the late 1700’s, principles of isolation, work, and humble attitudes were instilled upon inmates in order to change the nature of confinement. Some penitentiaries incorporated large open spaces with a glass-top ceiling for better lighting and to help cut costs of electricity. This also helped officers to supervise inmates. The early 1900’s and the Great Depression brought forth agricultural prisons, which included gigantic plantations and farms where inmates could work. This idea developed into inmates working in other areas, such as public roads, clearing forests, and other public projects where inmates earned the name of slaves. Maximum security was the norm for the early penitentiaries, which included high walls, guard towers, cell blocks stacked in tiers, and massive concrete and steel construction. Prisoners were controlled with isolation and high levels of intimidation. (Foster, 2006) Federal prisons began in 1930 however, before this date federal prisoners served their time in state and local institutions. There weren’t many federal crimes or federal criminals back...
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...History of State and Federal Prisons Kenneth Washington CJS/230 Theresa Degard History of State prisons The state prison systems of today were founded on the nineteenth-century penitentiary, which was based on the legal reforms of the eighteenth-century Age of Enlightenment. One more name for the state jail is the Department of Corrections which has quite a lot of security levels. For jails there is maximum security which is one earliest as well as the biggest. Additionally, it has much security in order to protect the inmates. Also there is higher security which is a bit less rigid like the maximum security. Next there is medium security that several states have in the smaller and jails which is more constructive. Additionally, in place of walls there are fences. Typically the prisoners are not as harmful having fewer people who break free. Also there is minimum security in the jails which normal contain the rooms and dormitories. Moreover, there are lots of security guards too. Typically individuals with less serious sentences as well as brief sentences are put I minimum security. Lastly, we have the open security jails that contain work -release programs, society based services, in addition to half way homes. These kinds of programs with the jails overpopulations in addition to attempting to rehabilitate the culprit and prepare them back for community. History of Federal prisons The federal jails were signed into by President Hoover...
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...State and Federal Prison Systems Leslie Cable 4/12/2013 CJS/230 Larry Doyle State prisons hold people who are arrested by local police and sheriff departments. Federal prisons hold people who are arrested by the federal bureau of investigations (FBI). The state and federal prisons have security levels for every type of prisoners. State prisons are run by the department of corrections while the federal prisons are run by the justice department. “The Federal Bureau of Prisons was created by an act of Congress and signed into law by President Herbert Hoover on May 14, 1930,” (Foster, 2006, Pg. 134). State prisons have more inmates than they do staff while federal prisons have more staff than they do prisoners. An example of a state prison is San Quentin state prison in California. San Quentin was opened in the 1850s and housed both men and women prisoners. In 1933, the women’s prison at Tehachapi was built. Tehachapi was shut down after an earthquake hit it in July 1952 then it was reopened as a men’s prison three years later. “Despite periodic schemes to shut it down – “the prison that would not die” – San Quentin held nearly 6,000 inmates in 2003,” (Foster, 2006, Pg. 127). The only way I could explain the growth of state prisons is that more people are arrested for crimes than ever before. People are committing more crimes than he is or she is used to and then are sentenced to prison time. More people are arrested for drug related...
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...History of State and Federal Prisons Melissa Undisclosed Raymond Delaney Jr. CJS/230 May 11, 2012 University of Phoenix History of State and Federal Prisons The prison system today is run by both the State and Federal Government. The State and Federal Government has known to be a very strict authority that watches our prisons closely. The State and Federal Prison Systems have a lot of similarities with a few differences. Both of these systems are unique in their own kind of way. In this paper, I will guide you through the history of State and Federal Prisons, along with their uniqueness. The State Prison System has been around since the early 1800’s, and was ran by the State Government. What I find really unique about the State Prison System is that they classified their criminals as “Blue Collar Criminals.” The Federal Prison System started back in the 1890’s, but actually wasn’t signed until the 1930’s. In the 1930’s, the Federal Prison System was established and they started the construction of actual “Federal Facilities”. The Federal Prison System classified their criminals as “White Collar Criminals”. The State Prison Systems consists of different levels of security; minimum, low, medium, and maximum. The facilities decide where they need to put the inmates depending on the severity of their offense and depending on their prior history being incarcerated such as trying to flee or escape if applicable. Minimum security facilities usually hold criminals that classified...
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...History of State and Federal Prisons Latoya Morris CJS/230 6/25/2014 Anthony McBride History of State and Federal Prisons History of State Prisons. Today, the state prison systems are based off of the legal reforms in the 18th century, but founded in the 19th century. The state jail has held another name for the recent years which is the Department of Corrections and with that it holds many levels of security that is needed for the separation of different prisoners. The three levels of security are maximum, medium, and minimum security. Each level has a different way of handling and dealing with the inmate and not overstepping boundaries to make sure that inmate is treated accordingly. The state prison also has a lot of security guards. There are programs and society services that help the inmate with rehabilitation such as work release programs and placing them in a halfway house to get them back on their feet and acclimated to society and the communities. History of Federal Prisons. The federal prisons are under the administration of President Hoover in the early 1930s. Federal prisons did exist in the 1890s but there was no core system to make sure that these prisons were being run accordingly. Not many federal crimes were executed till after the civil war, so they really didn’t have a use for a federal prison. The new system was brought up and made up of multiple institutions with thousands of inmates. The federal prison is similar...
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...The State and Federal Prison System Axia College Both state and federal prison systems have a long history in the United States as well as a significant presence in modern times as the prison populations for both state and federal prisons continue to grow. State and federal prisons each have their own types of institutions and security levels and house different types of criminals due to their differing jurisdictions over state versus federal prisoners. This paper will discuss the state and federal prison systems and their respective histories, recent growth in prisoner populations, different types of facilities, security levels, and types of criminals. American state prisons were originally used as workhouses where prisoners could work off what they owed to the state for their crimes through hard labor, but the purposes for state and federal prisons eventually shifted towards using prisons with the intention of punishment and incapacitating the criminal by removing them from society. Not surprisingly, many of the ideas for the development of the first prisons in the United States came from England. The history of the American prison system began with the Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia, which served as the first prototype for the Pennsylvania model for prisons where prisoners worked at tasks in solitary confinement in order to pay off their debt to society and theoretically reflect upon what they had done (Johnston, 2010). The Pennsylvania...
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...State and Federal Prison Systems CJS/230 May 21, 2012 Frank Merenda The number of prisons in each state, today, range from “three in North Dakota to over 100 in Texas”.(Foster, 2006) Although there are many state prisons they were all basically based on the Auburn model, established in 1816. Federal prisons also began this way and in 1930 the Federal Bureau of Prisons was created and the federal prisons of today have not changed much since then. The Texas Department of Corrections (TDC), established in 1849, located in Huntsville Texas, is a good example of a state prison system. Today, the central unit in Huntsville is still the headquarters of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice and it known as the “capital of capital punishment”. (Foster, 2006) It is said this facility carries out more executions than any other prison. Be that as it may and even with the state and federal prison systems separated the state prisons growth still continues. The “get-tough” legislation and the “War on Drugs” have tripled jail and prison populations. (Foster, 2006) Today a lot of the state prison growth comes from parole violators and increased confinement of violent criminals. The growth has slowed some from the past but it still continues. To help slow the growth in the state prison systems U.S. correction professionals could try spending more on treatment and rehabilitation to keep nonviolent offenders out of prison. The drug problems of today seem to be filling up...
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...History of State and Federal Prisons Joshlyn Aday CJS/230 John Feltgen November 14, 2013 Since the beginning of the criminal justice system, when the English brought over the concept that is the foundation for our criminal justice system today, there has been a sought out concept: There must be a reason for punishing criminals other than simple vengeance. This usually happens within the criminal justice system, but not often do people have to pay for the crimes that they’ve done. As a result, the first penitentiaries, predecessors of prisons today, were built with a view to behavior modification procedures (Foster, 2006). Today we have these institutions called state and federal prisons. They’ve had their number of changes throughout the years for modification. Just as any one thing throughout the world, they have their differences as well as their similarities. Looking to the past, we can pinpoint some sort of starting line for the development of what we call the prison system. In Norfolk, England circa 1875, nearing the end of the Age of Enlightenment, Sir Thomas Beever announced the grand opening of Wymondham Gaol. Towards the end of the Enlightenment, the Western civilization, looking inward, believed it was more civilized and reformations began to touch every aspect of life, including dealings with criminals. Belief in the scientific method drove society to find more humane ways of dealing with the lawless while perhaps transforming these into law-abiding, productive...
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...History of State and Federal Prisons Your Name Here CJS 230 July 7, 2011 Jean O’Gallagher Axia College of University of Phoenix State prisons are primarily operated by state governments. Overcrowding is a persistent problem in most state and federal prisons. By the end of 2001, state prisons were operating between 1 and 16 percent over capacity. This makes the prisons more difficult to operate, and puts the health and safety of inmates and staff at risk. The prison systems known today are based on eighteenth century Age of Enlightenment. The Walnut Street Jail was the first “so-called” penitentiary opened in the United States. The most common name for this system of prisons today is the “Department of Corrections.” There are merely more than 1 million men and women housed in the confinements operated by the states. Most of the states started with only one state prison, and now they have grown to as many as 100 in the state of Texas. The type of institution that the states used to start their initial prison on was based off of the Auburn model, and was expanded from their based on the special needs (women and younger offenders) was accepted. May 14, 1930 marked the birth of the Federal Bureau of Prisons which was created by an act of Congress by President Herbert Hoover. The first U.S. Penitentiary was an old military prison in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas; this penitentiary began to house prisoners in 1895. The third penitentiary was the first newly constructed federal prison...
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...Assignment: State and Federal Prison Systems Denise Silven CJS/230 July 10, 2011 Joseph Micieli Assignment: State and Federal Prison Systems An example of a state prison system would be the Texas Department of Corrections located in Huntsville, Texas. This facility was established in 1849 and to this day is the headquarters of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Additionally, this facility became the “control model in Texas prisons” and “emphasized farm work and strict discipline within a centralized bureaucratic environment.” The growth of state prison populations is the result of “get-tough” legislation which sends more people to prison and keeps them there for longer periods of time. (Foster, 2006). In my opinion, United States corrections professionals could solve the problem of exponential growth in state prison systems by implementing stronger rehabilitation programs. Upon entry in the state prison facility, inmates could be given an incentive to enter and complete one or more rehabilitation program depending on the degree of severity of the crime or crimes that the inmate committed. I believe that an inmate that sees a program to completion is possibly dedicated to changing their behavior in order to avoid becoming a repeat offender. The security levels in state and federal prisons are maximum-security, close-high-security, medium-security, minimum-security, and open-security. The differences in these levels are: (1) maximum-security...
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...State and Federal Prisons Systems The Auburn prison system has also been referred to the congregate system. The State of New York was the first to use this system in 1819 (The Auburn System (n.d.). By combining traits from the Philadelphia system with traits such as uniform silence, hard labor , and togetherness; side by side during meals, work, and prayer. The tier system of housing is used. Each level is offense specific and uniform coded by color. Prison growth has been on the rise with our current economical troubles. As times get rough, the amount of crime rises. The acts of society toward past inmates can often dictate if they are going to possibly become a repeat offender. Stress, financial troubles, employment issues, and drugs are among the top reasons a person reoffends. To help reduce the number of repeat offenders, correction personnel need to start the rehabilitation process within the prison walls. Preparing inmates for the real world can play a large role in their success. Having community resources available when times get rough can make or break a person. Just knowing they are not on their own is a huge stress reliever. With hands-on programs and true support, anything is possible. Each state has their own system for security levels. In Missouri, our levels are numbered and categorized. They are numbered from one to five; one being minimum and five being maximum. Minimum prisons have inmates with a custody level ranging from one to three...
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...Future of Policing Heather Kyzer CJS 210-Fundamentals of Policing October 30, 2011 Stephen Slaughter Future of Policing When I think of the future, I think of the cartoon shown on television “The Jetson’s.” I think of the flying cars and homes that you can raise up in the sky if you don’t like the weather. I like the jet pack in which you can fly from place to place instead of drive or walk. My favorite episode of this cartoon is when George gets pulled over for breaking line in traffic by flying his car over the line of traffic and rear ending a police car. I remember that the officer gets out of car and flies over to George and prints him a ticket out of his belt buckle. Also when I when I think of the future I think about the old “Terminator” movies and “Robocop.” The future is hard to picture during these times when the economy is in such terrible conditions. There is one thing that I know that the future will have is teachers, doctors, nurses, lawyers, and law enforcement officials. As adults we all know that we do not know what the future will in tell for any of us, but there is one thing that I am for sure that will change and that is technology. Technology is changing every day around the world. There are several trends currently affecting policing in today’s society that will affect the future of how things operate and function. The most important trends that have the largest impact on policing currently are drugs, corruption, gangs, training...
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...State and Federal Prison System Paper Tashia Coffiel CJS/230 July 22, 2012 Jason Skeens State and federal governments maintain closed correctional facilities to house convicted felons. Prisons are usually categorized according to their level of security and inmate populations as maximum-, medium-, and minimum-security institutions. A state prison is where those that are convicted and are sentenced through the state court for crimes that they have committed. State personnel man the state prison and federal government runs the federal prisons. Federal prisons are for those that commit federal crimes and are prosecuted by the federal government. Although they are built nearly the same the difference is what the two prisons are used for. The state prison is very similar to federal prisons that both incarcerate/rehabilitate and execute offenders. The states have areas of responsibility on enforcing criminal laws and then you have the federal government that there responsibility and enforcement of laws. Federal laws are more serious than crimes n the state courts. The penalties for federal crimes are harsher than state crimes. Federal crimes are usually geared towards immigrations, drugs, bombing, terrorism, money laundering, etc. while the state is geared towards state crimes like murder, rape, theft, etc. The prison system for the state is devised of a network that holds most of the U.S. prison populations. The beginning of the penitentiaries in each state is...
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