...State and Federal Prison System Paper Tashia Coffiel CJS/230 July 22, 2012 Jason Skeens State and federal governments maintain closed correctional facilities to house convicted felons. Prisons are usually categorized according to their level of security and inmate populations as maximum-, medium-, and minimum-security institutions. A state prison is where those that are convicted and are sentenced through the state court for crimes that they have committed. State personnel man the state prison and federal government runs the federal prisons. Federal prisons are for those that commit federal crimes and are prosecuted by the federal government. Although they are built nearly the same the difference is what the two prisons are used for. The state prison is very similar to federal prisons that both incarcerate/rehabilitate and execute offenders. The states have areas of responsibility on enforcing criminal laws and then you have the federal government that there responsibility and enforcement of laws. Federal laws are more serious than crimes n the state courts. The penalties for federal crimes are harsher than state crimes. Federal crimes are usually geared towards immigrations, drugs, bombing, terrorism, money laundering, etc. while the state is geared towards state crimes like murder, rape, theft, etc. The prison system for the state is devised of a network that holds most of the U.S. prison populations. The beginning of the penitentiaries in each state is...
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...State and Federal Prison Systems Paper March 4, 2012 CJS/230 An example of a state prison would be Louisiana State Penitentiary which is also known as Angola and is located in Angola, Louisiana. In 1880, Major James purchased an 8,000 acre plantation in west Feliciana parish called Angola. Angola is the state’s oldest and only maximum security prison with an inmate population of 5,108 and employs 1,740 employees. This maximum security prison is 86 percent violent offenders and 52 percent are serving a life sentence which will never be released from prison. The growth of state prison population is the result of (get tough) legislation which sends more people to prison and keeps them there for longer periods of time. United States Corrections professionals could solve the problem of exponential growth in state prison systems by getting stronger rehabilitation programs. I think that upon the inmate arriving to the prison they should be given an incentive to enter, they should also be required to complete at least two rehabilitation programs. After completing at least two or more rehabilitation programs depending on how much time the inmate has, they can be offered several other programs that will help them from becoming a repeat offender. This is especially needed since 52 percent of them will never be released. That is over half the inmate population. The more the inmate gets interested in the programs that are being offered, the better chance that inmate then will become...
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...Week 4 assignment 7/14/2014 There’s a big difference between the state prison system and the federal prison system. Even though both of these are correctional facilities, and used to detain inmates for criminal offenses, they both hold a different type of criminal. While the state prison system operates by holding criminals such as murderers, drug dealers, sexual offenders, and other crimes committed by the norm, the federal prison has a totally different population. In the federal prison system you will more likely find the white collar criminals, those that have embezzled large amounts of money, politicians, bank robbers, and others that have violated federal laws. An example of a state prison would be Turbeville here in South Carolina it is a level 2 correctional facility that usually houses inmates for crimes such as murder, drugs, sexual abuse, and other state level law breakers. Being that you will find more criminals in the state prison system, this system has a lot more facilities than the federal system. The state prisons call for more housing room, being that these crimes are committed on a daily bases and more people are being sent to the state penitentiary than the feds. The security levels for the 2 are also different. Both state and federal prison systems have different levels of security. These levels consist of Minimum (no flight risk), Low Security (trusted but still have to be under a closer watch than minimum), medium (inmates are kept under watch...
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...State and Federal Prison Systems Date Professor Name Out prisons today are based on the creation of the 19th century prisons. The long term goal is provide inmates with a humane and spiritual atmosphere versus the inhumane and terrible living situations. They want to get away from the harsh corporal punishment that had been around for so long. Survey data compiled by the Public Safety Performance Project of the Pew Center on the States, in partnership with the Association of State Correctional Administrators, indicate that as of January 1, 2010, there were 1,404,053 persons under the jurisdiction of state prison authorities, 4,777 (0.3 percent) fewer than there were on December 31, 2008. (The Pew, 2010) This does not mean that all these people are incarcerated but under the supervision which consists of: incarceration, parole, juvenile and/or probation. There has been a dramatic increase in the amount of incarcerated persons in the past decades and it only seems to be getting larger. The majority of inmates are imprisoned on drug charges resulting because of the harsher sentencing on the war on drugs. Some states have eliminated the possibility of parole. Judges have attempted to ease up on smaller crimes but in turn have extended the terms for harsher sentences. With the increase of prisons available, it makes it that much more accessible to house inmates. In order to sort through the more serious from the less serious, guidelines must be followed. They have to point...
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...COURT COMPARISON AND CONTRAST PAPER 1 Court Comparison and Contrast Paper COURT COMPARISON AND CONTRAST PAPER 2 Comparing State and Federal Court Systems There are many factors that involve the differences in state and federal courts. The three major factors that separate the two court systems are the structure, the selection of judges, and the types of cases that are presented in each of the two court levels. There are many reasons that there are two different court levels. This is so that we have checks and balance between the federal courts and the state courts. The structure of the Federal courts is based off Article III of the constitution of the United States. This article gave the federal system the power to create the Supreme Court as well as all the lower federal courts. The federal court system is broken down into six different types of courts which starting from the highest are the Supreme Court, United States Court of Appeals, United States District Courts, as well as the special federal courts which are the United States Bankruptcy Courts and the United States Courts of Special Jurisdiction. Within each of these courts they each handle specific cases that are presented to them. The State Court System is broken down into four different levels of courts. First are the trial courts...
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...Federal Reserve paper Julio L. Aguilera ECO/372 October 17, 2012 Charles Meyers Federal Reserve paper The author of this paper will be providing you the reader with information on the United States Federal Reserve so that you have a better understanding of it and how they operate. With the information provided from the author’s research hopefully you the official will make the decision of doing business with United States Federal Reserve system after you read this paper. This paper will cover the following: what are the factors that would influence the Federal Reserve and adjusting the discount rate, how the federal funds rate affect the decisions of banks in setting their specific interest-rate, how monetary policy aims to avoid inflation and control money supply, and last but not least what indicators are evident that there is too much or too little money within the economy and how monetary policy is aiming to adjust this problem. The Federal Reserve System is the United States Central banking system which was created on December 23, 1913. Federal Reserve System was created due to financial turmoil that was occurring in early 1900's. One example of financial turmoil the nation experienced was the Great Depression which resulted in the Federal Reserve making changes to their system. The members of the Board of Governors are nominated by the President of the United States and confirmed by the U.S. Senate. By law, the appointments must yield a "fair representation...
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...Prisons Comparison Paper Mary Ann Everett CJA/234 Introduction to Corrections 12/15/13 Steven Nance This paper use some information found in the CJi Interactive Multimedia and weeks readings. Have a description of jail’s place in corrections its role throughout history; a summary of the history of state and federal prisons. Comparison of the similarities and differences between security levels in jails, state prisons and federal prisons. Explanation of factors influencing growth in jails, state, and federal prisons. In colonial america where humiliation, workhouses, and corporal punishment to was used to punish criminals by 1790 where penitentiary era begins. In 1786, Pennsylvania Quakers said honest labor was a humane way to deal with convicts and to provided labor for public projects wearing thee ball, chain and bright unstylish clothes to prevent escapes. In other colonies had replaced public humiliation with incarceration and early lockups were under local control with mixing convicts of both genders from petty thieves to violent offenders. Our nation took shape each county and state maintain its own incarceration system where jails were maintain by the local sheriff’s department housed small infractions like loitering to severe crimes like murder until disposition. State or federal authorities in prisons provided confinement for offenders sentenced to over one year of incarceration. Penitentiary Era in 1790, attribute to separate and silent system, sought penance...
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...Court System Introduction The purpose of this paper is to make the reader aware about the significance of the history of judicial system prevailing within the premises of United States. This paper intends to explore the Court System of United States. The major historical developments in the courts of United States will be discussed. Moreover, the rationale of the dual court system of the United States will be outlined. This paper will also explore the correlation between the historical developments and the dual court system of the United States. Discussion The development of the state courts within United States can be traced back from the colonial period. Every state in United States organizes its court system independently. Every state has been provided with the right to choose its own organizational structures and the possible jurisdictions of their respective courts. Various types of courts have been developed throughout the history of United States. The federal level states have trial courts normally called district courts and circuit courts which are the appellate tribunals. In New York most of the trial courts are considered supreme courts (Columbia Encyclopedia, 2007). The development of court system started in the colonial period. Local judges were called magistrates on the lowest level of their colonial judiciary. By the early eighteenth century, the development of formal courts started. After the American Revolution in 1775, distrust towards the judiciary...
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...Role of the United States Constitution Paper Thomas Hofmeister University Of Phoenix BUS 415 David Cory June 9, 2009 Role of the United States Constitution Paper The Constitution of the United States and their legal system has impacted the guidance and operation of all types of businesses. For example, if an individual breaks the law, he or she maybe ordered to pay a fine and in some cases be imprisoned. The same thing happens if a business breaks the law. The only difference between an individual breaking the law and a business breaking the law is the company can also be taken over by the federal government for tax evasion and even be closed down. The company has the responsibility to hire legalized employess to be able to work for the. According to (Justia, 2005), “The United States Constitution and the United States legal system play a significant role in business regulation. The laws under these elements provide successful operations of business and society. They provide a standards and expectations while giving us a guideline for our business conduct and a means for settling disputes within corporations. In addition it enhances free competition and personal freedom. Without these laws that govern businesses and people, society would not function efficiently and commerce would likely disintegrate. Although the laws appear to be simple, the United States Legal system is incredibly intricate. The laws are a collection of different types. It can include common law...
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...Comparison Contrast Paper CJA/224 Introduction to Criminal Court Systems Court Comparison Contrast Paper During the course of reading this paper you will be introduced to the difference between trial court and appellate court. For example in trial courts there is actually only one judge within the room, he basically decides what can and can’t be used as evidence within the courtroom. In appellate courts there are five groups of three judges who basically divide’s the cases between them. You will also be to understand the difference between federal and state courts, for instance federal courts simply tend to handle cases such as illegal weapons and drugs that tend to cross our state lines, and state courts basically handle cases that deal’s the juvenile and family cases. After reading this paper will not only be able to understand when and where an appeal begins and ends, but you should also be able to fully understand the functions that between trial and appellate courts. State Court Each state has its own system of justice that oversees court cases. The judicial system that they employ will oversee a majority of the criminal cases that are presented. There are many levels of trial courts with at least one appellate court that states will have. The majority of states will have courts of general jurisdiction, which will hear major offenses like felonies. Courts of limited jurisdiction which will hear minor offenses. Some states will have a...
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...2 Depreciate US Dollar in Bank Deposit factor….. 11 III.2. Interest rate affected in Stock market…………………... 11 III.2.1 Depreciate US Dollar in Stock Market………..11-12 III.2.2 Appreciate US Dollar in Stock Market..................12 IV. Conclusion……………………………………………………… 13 V. References…………………………………………………….14-15 Abstract In this paper, I use high frequency data to investigate the extent to which interest rate changes originated in the United States by the Reserve Federal Fund. More specifically, I am interested in understanding in effects of changes in the Federal Reserve Fund’s interest rates on differential between (short term) local currency interest rates. I also investigate how interest rate influences to the foreign exchange market when Federal set the interest rate. The result indicates that Federal Reserve’s rate can influence foreign exchange market in the bank deposit factor and in the stock market. Key words: U.S Federal Reserve, Federal Fund rate, Interest rate and foreign exchange market. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all, I have been blessed with the help of some wonderful people while preparing this term paper. Thanks must first given to Dr. CHHUN Vannak, the lecturer of Pannasastra University...
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...can Spain be called federal when compared with German federalism? This paper will serve to answer the question in the subject. It is important to bear in mind that this question will be answered via a comparison. Because of this comparison a certain structure is maintained during this paper. It will discuss the key points of the German political form first, where after the key points of Spain will be discussed. These two forms will be compared to each other, to expose to what extend Spain is a federal State. For the purpose of this paper, federalism entails that there needs to b e a form of political integration whereby the states, transfer sovereign powers to the federation. The federation then would control the actions from the states from a central government. Key-marks of federalism will be broad competence for the states, limited competences for the central government and entrenchment of divided power in the constitution. For this paper the distinction between co-ordinate federalism and co-operative federalism is made. In co-ordinate federalism each state is separate, has its own exclusive competences, its own administration, its own taxes and a minimal need for co-operation. Co-operative federalism on the other hand entails more collaboration between the states and the central government. Competences between states are mostly shared, the central government legislated and the states are to implement this legislation in most fields, the states are however represented...
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...Role and Functions of Law Paper Shante’ Simms ETH/321 May 11, 2015 University of Phoenix Role and Functions of Law Paper Federal courts and Florida state courts systems are similar in some ways, but also very different in many ways. Both systems function with specific process of order, and a chain of command to adhere to. Neither the Federal Court nor Florida Court has seniority over the Constitutional Laws that our Country has in place. Federal Vs Florida The federal courts consist of a three part structure that combines the Supreme Courts, the Courts of Appeal, and the District Courts. The Supreme Court is the highest level court in the federal court system, with nine justices ("Florida Supreme Court ", n.d.). The Supreme Court’s original jurisdiction is limited over some cases, but appeals jurisdiction through certiorari process. The Courts of Appeal is considered the medium level courts in the federal system, including twelve regional circuit courts. The Courts of Appeal is specifically appellate court and does not have an original jurisdiction because of that. The District Courts are the lowest level courts in the federal system, combining a total of ninety four judicial districts over fifty states and territories. These lower level courts have no appellate jurisdiction, but have original jurisdiction over most cases. The Supreme Court is the highest level court for Florida as well, only containing seven justices. The Supreme...
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...State of Confusion Paper State of Confusion Paper The state of Confusion has over stepped its authority when it passed a law regulating trailer hitches on its roads. This regulation is in direct conflict with the commerce clause of the U.S. Constitution, Article 1 Section 8. This gives Tanya only one option in choosing a court to fight the unjust regulation. She must take her case to the federal court. This gives Tanya the best chance at overturning the state of Confusion’s regulation on trailer hitches. The Supremacy Clause also gives Tanya a chance to fight the states regulations. The supremacy clause states that all state judges must follow federal law when federal and state laws conflict. Using both of these clauses to fight the state of confusions’ regulations, Tanya has enough ammunition. The Federal District Court system will have jurisdiction over all matters arising under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States. Regulations can be tricky when deciding constitutionality in the federal court system. Taxations are generally accepted when passed by state legislators. Under the Constitution, regulations that impact interstate commerce and pose a direct burden are deemed impermissible. Tanya can sue in the federal courts in the state of confusion for a declaratory judgment that the states regulations violate the commerce clause and are invalid because of the undue burden on interstate commerce the regulations impose. There are a few cases that the district...
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...Individual Policing Functions Paper Monica Robinson University of Phoenix CJA/394 Individual Policing Functions Paper Policing has come a long way from the way it was decades ago. It has changed for the better even through there is still some room for more improvement. In policing today there are more officers, detectives, and other officials accounted for then there was in the past. Having all of these individuals within the criminal system, it has shape the government to provide better protection for its people. In policing in past and now in the present there are many different perspectives of policing functions. These functions stem from different levels of law enforcement which includes the local, state, and federal organizational levels. These are very important parts of the criminal justice system, because every individual within these levels must be sure to protect citizens, enforce law, and perform the duties that are required of them in order to keep the United States safe from criminals and terrorist attacks from other foreign countries that might try to attack the United States. As years have passed on within policing, there are many possible future changes that will have an effect in the field of policing. Within each level of policing there are many different roles in which every individual in the policing field must take part in if they are going to be on the law enforcement team. I say this because this is a very serious 24/7 operation...
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