...OBSERVATION REPORT (Observe – to pay attention to, to perceive or notice, to watch, to recognize or note occurrences, to draw inferences, to remark or comment) The Observation Report is to be the result of an in-person observation made for the purpose of partially fulfilling the requirements of this course, and must include a complete and comprehensive report on any 2.5 hours of observation from the list of choices below, exclusive of breaks and recesses. The observation report shall include the type of observation, the name of the presiding officer, the physical location of the observation, the parties involved, the issues, any decisions made and your personal comments regarding how you “see” the proceedings. Please place emphasis on your personal comments, clearly including what you “bring to the table” (your personal background and why you selected your observation). NOTE: Dr. Flower is the only person who will read your reports. You should, prior to the observation, make notes on your preconceived notions, ideas, and perceptions on what you expect to observe. Your pre-work should then be contrasted or compared with your actual observations. Your “gut” reactions to issues, personalities, competencies and results will most likely be very accurate and should serve as the backbone of your report. DO NOT wait until the last minute to attend the observation since it is common for students to discover the scheduled or planned observation does not take place when the...
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...An Accountant's Measurement Primer! A primary function of accountants is to develop, implement, and monitor measures of economic resources, business processes and utilization of resources by such processes. Wide varieties of stakeholders use these measures in making a range of economic decisions about business organizations. Pension fund managers, as do stockholders and financial analysts, use accounting information reported by companies to assess the economic performance of those companies and form expectations of future performance. Production managers use accounting information to estimate the cost of products they produce and thus, the relatively profitability of producing more of some products and less of others. Executives use accounting information to budget economic resources among operating units. Stakeholder decisions generally have in common the objective of allocating scarce economic resources to their most productive uses, whether it is managers allocating organizational resources among subunits (or alliances of organizations) or capital owners allocating their capital among organizations (or portfolios of organizations). Consequently, it is vital for accountants to understand measurement concepts (theories) in order to achieve accounting's measurement objectives. We start with a working definition of measurement. Measurement is the assignment of numerals and other symbols to represent the magnitude of an attribute of a phenomenon. 2 A phenomenon is an object...
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...cost and the cost of financial distress. This report provides a qualitative and quantitative analysis of corporate risk management for the company Air New Zealand. We uses a time series OLS regression model. The fair value of derivatives is used as dependent variable to measure the extent of financial instrument usage. The result shows that the use of derivatives by Air NZ fails to add value to the company. FINA781 Report Page 1 1. Introduction Air New Zealand Limited is the national airline and flag carrier of New Zealand. Based in Auckland, New Zealand, the airline operates scheduled passenger flights to 56 destinations locally and internationally. Air New Zealand is a member of the Star Alliance global airline alliance, having joined in 1999. Air New Zealand originated in 1940 as Tasman Empire Airways Limited (TEAL), a flying boat company operating trans-Tasman flights between New Zealand and Australia. TEAL became wholly owned by the New Zealand government in 1965, whereupon it was renamed Air New Zealand. The airline was largely privatized in 1989, but returned to majority government ownership in 2001 after a failed tie up with Australian carrier Ansett Australia. As of 2008, Air New Zealand carries 11.7 million passengers annually. Do hedging create firm value has been a popular topic argued through decades. In this report we are going to identify whether Air New Zealand create value through hedging. In this report we are going to discover the following questions...
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...Reports A report is a written document with a set layout which is often used to analyse a situation or date based on information (that has been researched or found) Recommendations are often given based on the analysis of the findings. Purpose: The main function of a report is to Aid Decision Making. They can be Formal or Informal. They can be Routine (e.g Sales report) They can be Special Occasional (e.g Special projects and market research about lunching new products) Advantages: They are often written to save managerial time and therefore money. They are good source of reference and provide a record. They enable access to information in an easy to understand format. They make suggestions or recommendations based on Knowledge and research. Before writing a report, you need to consider whether it is being used to: Inform Recommend Instruct Need to consider AUDIENCE: Expectations Language Understanding Present your information in an ORGANISED LOGICAL way to make it clear. NEED TO CONSIDER WHETHER VISUAL AIDS WILL ENHANCE UNDERSTANDING. NOTE: ALL info in Reports needs to be communicated IMPARTIALLY, so user can make OWN JUDGMENTS. If Bias is detected it can undermine the credibility of the report. Recommendations reflect your opinions. TYPES OF REPORT 1. INFORMAL REPORT INTRODUCTION outlines purpose/how you researched your information. FINDINGS CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMEMENDATIONS. 2. SHORT FORMAL...
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...the B.C. Supreme Court where every visitor was required to pass through a security check. The case involves three homicides done 5 years ago by five members of an alleged Vernon, B.C. drug gang dubbed The Greeks (Organized crime group). The alleged gangsters are being represented by 15 lawyers, 5 more than the Crown prosecution team. Among the 5 accused, Dale Sipes, Les Podolski and Sheldon O'Donnell have been charged with the first-degree murder of Dave Marnuik and none of them have pleaded guilty. Due to the seriousness of the case and lengthy court proceedings, the trail is expected to last until July of 2012. From our observation, the lawyer represented Crown (plaintiff) began direct examination of a girl(witness) who claimed to have seen the defendants return to the apartment that she was living in. Crown’s lawyer asked her if she did truthfully report to the police officer what she saw and accurately draw the diagram of the location. We did not see any of the defendants giving opening statement and been examined. After the direct examination by Crown’s lawyer, the defendants’ lawyer stated the evidence that the witness is not capable of describing the truth since she told...
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...the current Indian market for fairness cream. - To asses whether advertising is influencing the buying behavior of the consumer. - To find out the brand preference for fairness cream among people. - To study factor influencing brand preference for fairness cream. Fairness Cream has become a vital product for the Indian companies in increasing their overall sales due to the importance given by Indian consumers towards fairness. As India is a country known for its diversity different consumers from different parts of the country prefer different brands. The leading players in the market includes Hindustan Lever Ltd., (HLL's) 'Fair & Lovely' with 76 percent of the market share and Cavin Kare' s 'Fairever' with 15 percent of the market share. Other important players like Godrej' s 'Fairglow', Emma's 'Fair and Handsome', Vicco and Himalaya share the rest of the market share. There are number of fairness creams and other skin whitening products in the market such as peel-offs, serums, lotions etc. All the fairness creams have similar basic ingredients but the several additions make them more suitable to some particular skin type and may irritate other skin types. All the companies are reaching out to the target customers through its wide range of fairness creams....
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...definition, the scientific method is a multistep process that involves observation, experimentation, and a development of theory. This process is mostly used to find the cause and effect relationships in most scientific fields. There are four steps of the scientific method. The first step, observation, is the first phase of solving the problem. Observation includes researching and collecting all the information you will need for the problem. After our observation we need to develop a hypothesis. A hypothesis is what we think that the solution to a particular problem is. A hypothesis is an assumption that we will use the next step, experimentation to determine whether or not the hypothesis is true. An experiment is simply the tests that are done to prove or disprove a particular hypothesis. One of the main ways scientist experiment with their hypotheses is with research studies. If after experimentation research and experiments can’t prove your hypothesis, you both modify the hypothesis and restart experiments and research studies or you can reject the hypothesis and start over from the very beginning. One of the best ways of proving your hypothesis is through various types of research studies. A few different research studies are epidemiology studies and also clinical trials. According to Clinicalresearch.edu, Epidemiology is “the study of distribution and determents of health-related states or events in specified populations.” Also considered observational studies...
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...Transcript 1. Recent Activities at the FASB Corporate Reporting and Governance Conference California State University, Fullerton September 2005 Katherine Schipper, Financial Accounting Standards Board The views expressed in this presentation are my own, and do not represent positions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board. Positions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board are arrived at only after extensive due process and deliberation. 2. Overview Financial reporting topics Exposure draft, Business Combinations (joint with the IASB) Exposure draft, Consolidated Financial Statements, Including Accounting and Reporting of Noncontrolling Interests in Subsidiaries (a replacement of ARB 51) Fair value measurement Proposals for optional fair value measurements Exposure draft, Accounting for Uncertain Tax Positions, an interpretation of SFAS 109 Performance reporting Share based payment (SFAS 123R) 3. Joint IASB-FASB project on business combinations Intent => replace SFAS 141 and converge with international standards Will include mutual enterprises Will include acquisitions of businesses through means other than a purchase of net assets or equity interests A separate project is addressing business combinations involving not-for-profit organizations General principle: recognize assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination at fair value Exceptions : income taxes, benefit plan obligations, operating leases Departure from the cost-based provisions...
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...BOOK REPORT FORMAT Steps in Making an Investigatory Project 1. Select a Topic. The first step in making an investigatory project is selecting a topic to research on. If you are making an investigatory project in Chemistry, you may select the topic about a new substance in making soaps. | Using fruits as batteries - an example of an investigatory project. Photo by Flickr user hans. | After selecting the topic, narrow down your research into something that you are interested in. For example, you might be interested in using different plants in making soaps. Papaya has been proven to make skin look younger. Find something that interests you. 2. Make a Research Question and Title Now that you have your topic, you should now create your Research Question. Your research question is something that you want to test. Something that intrigues you and you want to find out the correct answer. A sample research question might be, "Can I make an antibacterial soap using guava leaves?". If this is your question, then the title for your Investigatory Project is Using Guava Leaves in Making an Antibacterial Soap. Explore other questions that also interest you. Remember that you must make a scientific inquiry. That means the question or topic can be answered objectively and not through opinions only. 3. Design the Experiments and Procedures Now that you want to find out if guava leaves can be made into an antibacterial soap, you have to design experiments so that...
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...B. review of PwC The Sarbanes-Oxley Act On July 30th, 2002 the 107th Congress of the United States enacted public law 107-204, better known as the Sarbanes-Oxley act. This congressional action was in response to many unscrupulous acts by major corporations which caused investors to lose confidence in the capital markets. The major issues were caused by three main organizations, Enron, WorldCo, and Tyco. Enron, did not accurately record their debt obligations. They also recorded gains on internal sales amongst subsidiaries effectively overstating profits. WorldCom capitalized expenses that violated the Generally Accepted Accoutnign principles skewing creating inflated profits. Tyco’s fraud included providing unapproved loans to executives and then subsequently forgiving these debts without approval from the Board of Directors. The PCAOB Prior to the the enactment of the Sarbanes –Oxley Act the accoutning profession was operating in an era of self-governance. The audit standards had been set by the AICPA. Title I of the Satrbanes-Oxley Act established the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. The PCAOB was created to “to oversee the audit of public companies that are subject to the securities laws, and related matters, in order to protect the interests of investors and further the public interest in the preparation of informative, accurate, and independent audit reports for companies the securities of which are sold to, and held by and for, public investors.” After...
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...In response to criticism of rules-based accounting standards and Section 108(d) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the SEC proposed principlesbased (or ‘objectives-oriented’) standards. We identify several shortcomings with this approach and focus on two of them. First, the format (type) of a standard is dependent on the contents of what the standard regulates. Given the asset/liability approach combined with fair values, we argue that the combination of this measurement concept with principlesbased standards is inconsistent because it requires significant guidance for management judgment. Second, we propose the inclusion of a trueand-fair override as a necessary requirement for any format that is more than ‘principles-only’ to deal with inconsistencies between principles and guidance. We discuss the benefits of this override and present evidence from the United Kingdom’s experience. Key words: Accounting standards; FASB; Principles; Rules; Rules-based. According to a widely-held view, U.S. accounting standards are more rules-based than principles-based.1 This observation stems in large part from the emphasis put on two aspects of the wording of the typical attestation statement: ‘the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of X Company as of Date, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles [GAAP]’ (emphasis added).2 ‘Present...
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...description of the border patrol, annotated web link, an article related to the career, three professional associations that could support, and legal code according to the state of Maryland. Border Patrol Agents actively patrol the borders to prevent innocent civilians from entering or leaving the United States without government permission. [ (Schmalleger, 2011) ] Agents detect and prevent the smuggling and unlawful entry of aliens into the United States, along with apprehending those people found to be in violation of immigration laws. Agents work to lower crimes and improve the quality of life in border communities. In some areas Agents are deputized or have peace-officer status and use it to enforce local and state/territory laws. [ (Schmalleger, 2011) ] One of the most important activities for a Border Patrol Agent is "line watch". This involves the detection, prevention and apprehension of terrorists, illegal aliens and smugglers of both aliens and contraband at or near the land border by maintaining surveillance from a covert position, following up leads, responding to electronic sensor television systems, aircraft sightings, and interpreting and following tracks, marks and other physical evidence. [ (Schmalleger, 2011) ] Some of the major activities are farm and ranch check, traffic check, traffic observation, city patrol, transportation check, administrative, intelligence, and anti-smuggling activities. An annotated web link library of the web site related to the Border...
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...problem experienced by the Lack of Information (LOI) based on the findings from interviews with all 50 of the warehouse managers and on-site visits at each of the 50 locations of its warehouses countrywide. The onsite observations search for any evidence of damages in both the on-site property like the roof, walls, floors and general conditions. The interview with the managers obtains information about the characteristics of the warehouses that are not readily observable. The information obtained is very important in the preparation of the fiscal year reports and the determination of the disposal price. Accounting The auditor makes sure that all the assets accounted on the balance sheet are real, the management in addition, has the authority over any asset they claim the organization owns, and that there are no claims against the assets in the balance sheet that aren’t recorded. The on-site visits and the manager interviews therefore provided sufficient proficient evidential matter that afforded the reasonable basis for the opinion regarding the fiscal year statement being audited (The Codification of Statements on Auditing Standards, AICPA, and AU Section 326) Categories of findings According to the interviews and onsite visits findings 23 warehouses reside in states with special asbestos handling and removal laws during building demolitions or significant renovation. LOI plans to sell 10 of these warehouses within the next five years and plans not to demolish or renovate the...
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...Part-one • Organization profile(IBBL) • Job description Organization profile Of Islami bank Bangladesh limited (IBBL) After reading this chapter reader will be able to know about; • Corporate profile of IBBL • Mission and Vision of IBBL • Objectives of IBBL • Features of IBBL • Functions of IBBL • Management structure of IBBL • Basic Facts • Major differences between Conventional Bank & IBBL Corporate profile of IBBL: Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd. (IBBL) was incorporated on March 13, 1983 under the companies Act, 1913 as the first interest free Shariah based commercial bank in South East Asia. IBBL started functioning on March 30, 1983 and formally inaugurated on August 12, 1983. The bank was promoted by 23 local sponsors including the Government of Bangladesh and 4 local institutions and 13 foreign sponsors including Islamic Development Bank (IDB). The foreign investors hold 57.37% of total shares while the local investors hold the rest 42.63%. There is a Shariah council, which is entrusted with the responsibility for ensuring that the activities of the bank are being conducted on the precepts of Islam. IBBL is one of the leading first generation private sector banks in Bangladesh, which provides all kinds of commercial banking services to the customer. The bank went for IPO in November, 1985. The IBBL got enlisted with Dhaka Stock Exchange Ltd (DSE) in 1985 and Chittagong Stock Exchange Ltd. (CSE) in...
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...Page 1 of 21 SECTION A: Problem in Context and Statement of the Problem The effect of In-store advertising and strategic shelf space within the South African FMCG market, and the impact it has on consumer buyer behaviour. Impulse buys are a form of consumer buyer behaviour but could it be that these buys are purchases that are fueled by emotion and desire, for instant gratification and not just a spontaneous urge. Research shows (Shaw, 2014) us that in fact we are drawn out of a subconscious state of being into a conscious one when that “impulse” to buy something not on our list occurs. “Consumer behaviour is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society” (Kuester, 2012). This proposal is going to look at different influences and how these influences affect consumer buyer behaviour. Objectives: This proposal is going to establish to what extent the effects of in store advertising and shelf space/product locations have on consumers buying behaviour 1. To examine how in store advertising effects the consumer buying behavior. 2. To determine the effect of shelf space / product locations on consumer buyer behaviour. Further detailing on the above objectives: 1. To examine how in store advertising effects a shoppers buying behaviour This objective is to prove the relationship...
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