...A drama, also known as a play, is a form of literature written intentionally for theatrical performance. Most of the parts in a drama are consisted of scripted dialogues, or only the acting in some cases, between characters intended to be performed by actors and actresses to move the story along. There are six main elements of drama which serve as the basis of producing a successful play. These essential elements of drama include the plot of the story, the theme, the genre in which the story belongs, the characters, the setting, and the audience. Altogether, they provide a building block by which dramatic works can be analyzed and evaluated. By knowing and using the elements of drama, the skills needed in creating a successful performance, as well as the skills required to analyze a drama, could be developed. The followings are the elements of drama and their brief description: Plot Plot, referring to the basic storyline of the play, is the structure of a play which tells what happens as the story goes. The plot structure can be divided into six stages: exposition, inciting incident, rising action, climax, falling action, and denouement. The exposition is simply an introductory part that provides the background information needed to properly understand the story. The inciting incident, or conflict, is the event that sets the action of the play in motion. It is what gets the story going. The rising action is a series of events, including complications and discoveries...
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...Nancy J. Nabong AC 103 : MWF / 1:00 – 2:00 PM I. THE ELEMENTS OF DRAMA 1. PLOT * Most important element of a story: Summary of a play’s story, concerned with what happens in the story * The order of events occurring in a play is referred to as the plot of the drama. It is the basic storyline that is narrated through a play. The entertainment one derives from a play depends largely on the sequence of events that occur in the story. The logical connection between the events and the characters, which enact the story form an integral part of the plot of drama. 2. CHARACTER * These are the people presented in the play that are involved in the perusing plot. Each character should have their own distinct personality, age, appearance, beliefs, socio economic background, and language. * The characters must be shaped to fit the needs of the plot and all parts the characterization must fit together. * Protagonist – the person who is attempting to resolve the problem. The conflict he faces, frequently involves a struggle with some force outside himself (external conflicts) as with an antagonist and or struggle within himself (internal conflict). 3. THOUGHT * What the play means as opposed to what happens (the plot). Sometimes the theme is clearly stated in the title. It may be stated through dialogue by a character acting as the playwright’s voice. Or it may be the theme is less obvious and emerges only after some study or thought. The...
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...3 English 12/8/12 Major Assignment #2: Forgiveness vs. Vengeance Essay Throughout Shakespeare’s The Tempest, the theme of vengeance and forgiveness make multiple appearances. At first, it seems like the entire plot of the play is a scheme designed by a powerful magician named Prospero to bring his rivals to a state of regret because they had usurped him from his rightful throne in Milan. However, as the story progresses, it seems as if Prospero brought his enemies to his island not for revenge, but so that he can pardon them and restore the rightful order of things to his dukedom of Milan. The play starts, in Act 1 Scene 1, with a storm threatening to destroy a ship that happens to have Prospero’s enemies on board. We later find out that this storm was, in fact, created by Prospero himself for the purpose of trapping his enemies on his island. At first it may seem that this was an act of vengeance by the part of Prospero and it may be, but he asks Ariel if his enemies are okay (Line 217). By Act 2 Scene 1, we meet Prospero’s enemies. Here it becomes more obvious that Prospero wants vengeance as he is making Alonso suffer by thinking his son, Ferdinand, is dead because of the storm. This scene showcases another plot of Prospero’s, which is to kill off Alonso. Prospero, through Ariel, makes all but Antonio and Sebastian fall asleep. This way, Antonio and Sebastian can speak their minds without worrying of consequence. This leads to Antonio persuading...
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...Elizabethan stage. Shakespeare knew how to entertain and involve an audience with fast-paced plots, creative imagery, and multi-faceted characters. Macbeth is an action-packed, psychological thriller that has not lost its impact in nearly four hundred years. The politically ambitious character of Macbeth is as timely today as he was to Shakespeare's audience. Mary McCarthy says in her essay about Macbeth, "It is a troubling thought that Macbeth, of all Shakespeare's characters, should seem the most 'modern,' the only one you could transpose into contemporary battle dress or a sport shirt and slacks." (Signet Classic Macbeth) Audiences today quickly become interested in the plot of a blindly ambitious general with a strong-willed wife who must try to cope with the guilt engendered by their murder of an innocent king in order to further their power. The elements of superstition, ghosts, and witchcraft, though more readily a part of everyday life for the Renaissance audience, remain intriguing to modern teenagers. The action-packed plot, elements of the occult, modern characterizations, and themes of import to today's world make Macbeth an excellent choice for teaching to high school students. This study guide offers ideas for presenting Macbeth to a high school class. The activities have been divided into sections: 1. 2. 3. 4. a brief literary overview, including a synopsis and commentary on the play; suggestions...
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...The The Collected Works of Billy the Kid: Left Handed Poems Assignment Test Object Thing(ness) 1. Read this (this thing 1 cm. below) P. J. O’Rourke, the political satirist, reviews in this issue a new book about Starbucks. He told us, in an e-mail exchange, how he brews his own reviews: “I read something I’m reviewing the same way I read other things except more so. That is, I already keep a commonplace book (a file folder, really) for quotations, ideas, information, etc. If I’m going to write a review I mark the work for myself, but besides underlining what interests me I also underline what — as far as I can tell — interested the author. By the time I’m done I have an outline for the review. All I have to do is figure out a smart-aleck lead sentence and a wiseacre ending.”[1] 2. Then read the “How to write a Book Review” article on the very next page. Yes, it is a bit long but the information is really quite good. 3. Over the week go to www.salon.com or to http://www.nytimes.com/pages/books read at least five reviews and then divide them into good and bad reviews. Think about the specific qualities that define the better ones. The article from step two of this process will be helpful at this point. At the end of the day a good book review sees an interesting pattern or spins your understanding of the book in a new and delightful way…and importantly is enjoyable to read (as a writer you need to have fun savaging the book, exploring it, dwelling on it, falling...
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...Greek tragedy in the 1998-99 theater season: the National Theater of Greece’s Medea, Joanne Akalaitis’ The Iphigeneia Cycle (a double bill that combines Euripides’ two Iphigeneia plays), a revival of Andrei Serban’s famous Fragments of a Greek Trilogy, and a four-and-a-half-hour adaptation of the Oedipus Rex were announced at the start of the season. Off-off Broadway versions will inevitably follow. The Brooklyn Academy of Music even hosted a dance/theatre piece based on the Eleusinian Mysteries. 1 The Classic Stage Company, an off-Broadway theater group devoted to performance and adaptation of Western classics, currently receives more scripts that re-work Greek tragedy than any other category of drama. 2 From a global perspective, New York is simply reflecting a trend set by important modern playwrights and directors worldwide. Greek drama now occupies a regular place in the London theater season. In the past twenty years, acclaimed productions have been mounted not only in Europe but also in Japan, India, and Africa. Translations are even beginning to proliferate in China, occasionally with unexpected results. A recent Chinese translator of Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex referred to all the Greek gods generically as Apollo, since he could count on his audience’s ability to recognize this name from the United States space program. 3 The Greek theater festival at Delphi has played host to many of these performances, with the result that, for example, the Greek National...
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...Zuidema, Spring P. English 102C 2010 19 January 2015 Aristotle’s concept of a tragic hero “William Shakespeare’s “Othello” the Moore of Venice Tragedies frequently focus on a tragic hero that has a flaw that ultimately leads to his downfall. According to Aristotle, the tragic flaw is the most important part of the hero and the events that occur in the work is a reflection of that flaw. A tragic flaw is essential in a true tragedy. In William Shakespeare’s Othello, Othello is a prime example of an Aristotelian tragic hero. His gullibility and jealousy are the main reason of his downfall. Othello deals with love lost because of gullibility and jealousy. According to Aristotle, the life and soul of tragedy is the plot; Incidents in the plot have the best effect if they occur unexpectedly, and in consequence of one another. A great tragedy grips the audience with the plot; Aristotle also states that the sense of the inevitable must be present in tragedy. The central character must be noble and have a higher stature than most men. The tragic hero must also have better qualities than secondary characters but must also exhibit flaws. Another part of the central character is that he is destroyed by himself, not by others, bad luck, or depravity. These are the criteria necessary to be classified as an ideal tragedy. The main character of Othello is an example of a tragic hero, his basic elements matches him up to a true hero as defined by Aristotle. Othello...
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...that make them tragedies or make the characters in them tragic heroes. In one of the “earliest surviving works of dramatic theory” of the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, he laid out his rules for what is the foundation of a tragedy and a tragic hero. In the play by Sophocles, Oedipus stands out as a classic representation of what a tragedy hero is. Oedipus the book has key aspects that Aristotle said to make a tragedy and a tragic hero. One of the requirements for being a tragic hero according to Aristotle is "a [great] man who is neither a paragon of virtue and justice nor undergoes the change to misfortune through any real badness or wickedness but because of some mistake." There must be some mistake made by the character flaw that causes the great man’s fortunes to turn for the worst. Aristotle felt that there were certain plot devices that needed to take place in order for it to qualify as a tragedy and for the character to really be a tragic hero. Without a tragic hero there cannot be a tragedy happening, plot is a very important point. The plot of a true tragedy should be complex and consist of reversal and recognition. Both of these plot elements are contained within the play Oedipus the King. The play starts out highlighting Oedipus’ character by showing him talking to the grieving citizens in front of his palace. They are praying to the gods to stop the plague that is destroying Thebes. He mourns with his people over the hardships that have befallen the land...
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...The Role of Magic in Shakespeare’s The Tempest, Hamlet, and Macbeth Like many other themes, magic and supernatural elements play a large role in many of Shakespeare’s works. The use of magic interests the audience, plays to the imagination, and adds dramatic intrigue to the story, even when the rest of the plot is comprised of believable events. These themes are most prominent in The Tempest, Hamlet, and Macbeth. In each of these plays, magic and supernatural occurrences not only play a large role in the plot, but also help to communicate various messages and literary value. Shakespeare utilizes magic and supernatural happenings in both positive and negative lights, depending on the purpose it serves in each of the mentioned plays. It is seen as a decision maker, nature, a prophet, a symbol of fate, and an equalizer. Regardless of its specific role in each play and its positive or negative depiction, it serves to move the plot forward through a force which acts beyond the capabilities and power of man, even man himself did conjure it. In The Tempest, we see an example of supernatural power conjured or exercised by man. Prospero, the wielder of this magic, uses magic as a means to set right that which was, in his opinion, wrong in his life and in the universe. In this play, we see magic used as an equalizer. Prospero uses his learned sorcery to reverse all of the supposedly false or unlawful happenings in his life, apparently feeling that these things were...
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...Antigone vs Otheelo: women In the plays “Antigone” by Sophocles and the Shakespearean tragedy “Othello” written by William Shakespeare, the themes that’s being portrayed are honour and gender, through the play the audience if captivated by the characters choices and motives through the play. With the characters choices they help to make the play more understandable as the audience can recognise the tragic hero in both the plays. The relationships between men and women in Othello are remarked as lesser then men. Iago often refers to his wife as a prostitute - "A house wife that by selling her desires, Buys herself bread and clothes (iv.i.95)” showing what type of relationship women and men had during the late 16th century. Women were generally considered obedient, respectful, kind and warm. They were never outspoken nor were they meant to, for it could be seen as a lack of loyalty. When Othello accused Desdemona of cheating on him, he found himself in a position that he didn't want to face with. Othello was emasculated with the thought of a woman disobeying him. Men were easily manipulated into thinking the worst of woman because they were certain it would never happen. However, when the slightest things start to be pointed out the characters start to over analyse. Woman were not on the same level as men; men talked down to woman, they didn’t see them as equals nor think that they should be treated like one. This relates to Othello and Desdemona’s relationship – she “betrayed”...
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...William Shakespeare is widely regarded as one of the greatest writers in the English language. He wrote almost forty plays in a span of twenty-five years; however, he was persistent in what exactly he wrote about. When one thinks of Shakespeare, he or she thinks of tragedies, histories, and comedies, for those were the only themes he based his works from. In his comedies, particularly Twelfth Night, he uses cross-dressing and gender norms as humorous devices. Although his humor was appropriate at the time in which he wrote it, times have drastically changed since then. It's not uncommon for someone to get easily offended today, especially if the affair stems from gender. Twelfth Night is unacceptable for 21st-century audiences for numerous...
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...Who was William Shakespeare? Shakespeare is William Shakespeare, one of the English-speaking world's greatest playwrights and poets, who possessed a great knowledge of human nature and transformed the English theatre. Yet many facts of his life remain a mystery. Some have been acquired from painstaking looks at the records of the time, so that this summary is based on generally agreed facts. It has been said that we only know three things about Shakespeare: that he was born, married and died. He was baptised on April 26, 1564; we do not know his birth date, but many scholars believe it was April 23, 1564. His father was John Shakespeare (who was a glover and leather merchant) and his mother Mary Arden (who was a landed local heiress). John had a remarkable run of success as a merchant, alderman, and high bailiff of Stratford, during William's early childhood. His fortunes declined, however, in the late 1570s. William lived for most of his early life in Stratford-upon-Avon. We do not know exactly when he went to London but he is said to have arrived in 1592. There is great conjecture about Shakespeare's childhood years, especially regarding his education. It is surmised by scholars that Shakespeare attended the free grammar school in Stratford, which at the time had a reputation to rival that of Eton. While there are no records extant to prove this claim, Shakespeare's knowledge of Latin and Classical Greek would tend to support this theory. In addition, Shakespeare's...
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...MAE 334 Introduction to Computers and Instrumentation Lab 2 (Week 1,2,3 &4): Motor modeling and position control Author: Deepak Kumar Lab Partner: DE SILVA T C J Date: 4/24/2012 4:02 PM Lab TA: Reza Lab Section: L6 –Monday 6:30-9:00 PM Integrity Statement: I understand the importance of ethical behavior in engineering practice and the seriousness of plagiarism. I am pleased to confirm that this work is our own independent effort. All of the data processing and graph preparation is our own. We prepared the written text in this report independently and we did not copy the work of anyone else into our report. Signature #1: JEEVAN SUPARMANIAM Lab Manual & Title Sheet | | 5% | MATLAB Development | | 10% | Notebook Review | | 10% | Post Lab Oral Presentation | | 25% | Results | | 25% | Discussion of Results | | 15% | Quality | | 10% | Total Score | | 100% | Objectives Week 1 * To model DC motor velocity as first and second order systems and simulate with Simulink * To simulate PD closed loop controller using Simulink Week 2 * To develop an understanding of the basic Quanser Inc., QuaRC Software servo motor software and hardware setup and connections * To quantify the values of K and τ from the experimental data using the MATLAB curve fitting toolbox and from the time series graph * To develop an understanding of how the system responds to different input signals Week 3 (&4) * To study the transient...
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...1.5 Conclusion for Multiple Linear Regression Modelling 5 2. Literature Review 5 2.1 Introduction of NBA 5 2.2 Reasons for High Average Salary in NBA 5 2.3 Salaries based on long term contract 6 2.4 Reasons for Choosing On-court Performance Data 7 3. Preparations for Running the Multiple Regression Model 8 3.1 Objectives of this paper 8 3.2 Introduction of the variables 8 3.2.1 Dependent Variable 8 3.2.2 Independent Variables 8 3.3 Data Source 9 3.4 Scattered Plots 9 3.4.1 Scattered Plots of Salary and Independent Variables 9 3.4.2 Residual Scattered Plots 10 4. Multiple linear regression modelling 11 4.1 The Adjusted R² 11 4.2 The Histogram 12 4.3 Model Generated by Analysis: 12 5. Ethical Problems 13 5.1 Sample Size 13 5.2 Data for Kobe Bryant 14 5.3 Excluded Related Independent Variables 14 5.4 Multi-collinearity 14 6. Conclusion 15 Abstract This paper examines the correlation between NBA players’ salaries and their on-court performance indicators. Before getting into the relationship, I would introduce the essence of what is regression model and how to interpret it, then we would move on to the introduction of NBA and how this model have been wildly used in testing the relationship between NBA players salaries and indicators. In the third part of this paper, regression models tell us that: firstly, age do not affect their salaries; furthermore, as they get better score in PER (play ‘efficiently’ in game), the chance of getting longer contracts...
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...combining qualities of gentry and nobility. Despite the areas poor state, residence in the had political power. Conrad's father, Apollo Korzeniowski, studied for six years at St. Petersburg University. Conrad’s father left before he had the chance to earn his degree Conrad's mother Eva Bobrowska, was thirteen years younger than Apollo. She was the only daughter in a family of six sons. After Eva met Apollo in the year 1847, Eva was was in love with Apollo's poetic personality and loyalty. On the other hand, he admired her lively imagination. Eva's family disagreed with the dating situation, the two were married in 1856 After the two couples got married, Apollo did not conduct much time for his wife. His main focus was his literature and political activities, which brought income into the house. He wrote many plays and social satires. Apollo works wasn’t known as much, but he had a huge influence on his song Conrad. Joseph Conrad is an Innovator in British Literature. His literature is influenced by his experiences in traveling to foreign countries around the world. Conrad’s literature has several of styles and techniques he uses to express his work as British literature. His unique style fluctuates from powerful and deep to exposed and harsh. His style keeps the reader in constant touch and interested in the story. In Conrad’s novels, they’re based on having both a psychological and sociological plot in them. By having a...
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