...Poverty in Canada since 1989 The poverty rates across Canada have seen a rise and fall since 1989. The poverty rates are based on age, gender and family type. However, the poverty rates have seen a decline since 1989. The poverty for all persons in 1988 was 10.8% and in 2007 it was 9.2% (Statistics Canada, 2009, Table 202-0802). That is a 14.8% decrease in poverty for all persons in Canada over time (Statistics Canada, 2009, Table 202-0802). The decline in poverty could result for many reasons. Education, jobs and the economy of Canada may have improved a lot during the past twenty years. Canada is a developing country and is seeing improvements in social status of people. The class system plays a huge role. Could it be that families across Canada are moving up a class? Persons in economic families had a poverty rate of 8% in 1988 and it dropped to 6% in 2007 (Statistics Canada, 2009, Table 202-0802). It can be seen that there is a 25% decrease in poverty for persons in economic families over time (Statistics Canada, 2009, Table 202-0802). Therefore persons in economic families are doing well compared to how they were in 1989. It is pretty clear that the economy of Canada is developing. This would not be the case if poverty had increased during the past twenty years. Poverty still exists, no doubt about that but it will continue to decline if Canada continues to improve its economic situation. Poverty still exists for many reasons such as people in poor class work as much as...
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...Women and Poverty “Poverty is the condition where people's basic needs for food, clothing, and shelter are not being met” (Business Dictionary). Poverty is a great problem in The United States and can be seen all around us on a daily basis. According to The US Census Bureau “In 2014, the official poverty rate was 14.8 percent. There were 46.7 million people in poverty. Neither the poverty rate nor the number of people in poverty were statistically different from the 2013 estimates.” However, poverty statistics have always differed, whether it is by race or gender, the economy results and numbers have always displayed a bias statistics. In this essay, women and their part in poverty will be addressed, and just exactly how their statistics...
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...torment with Poverty as one of the major issues. Numerous children of the country lack education, several families are homeless, people hunger and thirst, migration rate increases, many are unemployed, and countless crimes are committed throughout the country. There are uncountable reasons that lead to poverty and people may be unaware of these causes. Poverty is not just a word that describes the country and its economy but it is a major factor that can greatly affect the lives of people generation to generation. Introduction Many Filipino citizens are experiencing poverty in different forms. It may be in the form of education, food, shelter, crime, sickness,death and other more. Philippines Statistics Authority (PSA) reported that Philippines is one of the countries having the highest poverty incidence among the six biggest Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). According to the National Statistical Coordination board, more than 27.9 % of Philippines’ population fell under the poverty line in the year of 2012 and by the year 2014, poverty rose to 25.8 %. Poverty rates have remained relatively unchanged since their 2009 levels. This study will reveal to you the causes of this unsettled dispute that our country, the Philippines is still continuing to experience at the present time. References Welch, A. (2013).Latest Statistics on Philippine Poverty. Retrieved August 12, 2015, from http://borgenproject.org/latest-statistics-on-philippine-poverty/ Castillo,...
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...Goal #1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger Millennium Development Goal #1 Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger History has shown poverty and hunger has been an ongoing issue all over the world. Wars have been fought not only because of persecution, freedom, and inequality but also due to starvation affecting a great number of populations who are less fortunate. Although peace and unity has taken place in some parts of the world, research shows that the challenge in poverty and hunger continues. Today, approximately 870 million people are undernourished with over 100 million undernourished and underweight being children under the age of five. (WHO, 2011) UNICEF says that even in the world’s richest countries, one in every six children still lives below the national poverty line. Local and international organizations working hand in hand to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger have made great progress since 2000. Along with undernourishment; however, about 1.2 billion people still live in extreme poverty and about 30% of these are children. During the Millennium Summit in 2000, the United Nations gathered together with several other members such as UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, and UNESCO just to name a few. During this summit they established 8 goals to attend the world’s need. These goals are to be monitored regularly by all the UN members and accomplished by 2015. To conclude whether these are being met or not, they are using statistics and demographics given from...
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...Analysis of “Poverty is Literally Making People Sick…” Researchers found, when they looked at data for California between 2000 and 2008, that “Poverty Is Literally Making People Sick Because They Can't Afford Food”. This article by Matthew O’Brian, whose title is previously quoted, is studded with hard facts and statistics. These are meant to persuade his audience into caring and helping the poverty-stricken, as well as influence you to do something about it. He does this by offering clear explanations as to why poverty could affect the health of people, using multiple statistics, and offers solutions to the problem, as well as bringing up other’s thoughts on the subject. Pointing out that, for those living below the poverty line there is over a 26% increase in likelihood that one visits the...
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...Poverty increasing rates during the last 10 years have been an issue in Canada in general, and a huge one for aboriginal communities on the reservations and in their territories. This is brought to mind because of a recent surge in suicide attempts in the Cree community which has drown a national attention to the effects of poor living conditions on First Nation's children. The reality is that these children live in poverty, and the situation is getting worse. The most recent available data from the national household survey was last updated back in 2011, and it shows that child poverty rates in aboriginal communities living on the reserves rose to staggering 60% in 2010 (MacDonald, Wilson. 4) The indigenous child poverty at the reservations is structural and systematic: it reveals a history of racism that goes back to the time of colonization. Canada's long history of residential schools and the under-funding of basic services on reserves have left aboriginal communities experiencing living conditions many would expect to see only in developing countries, not in a rich nation such as Canada. Too many aboriginal children live in abject poverty, and in many cases, without hope of improved prospects in the future....
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...The Injustice of Being Impoverished The US Office of Management and Budget lists the weighted average poverty threshold for a family of four as $21,203, for a family of 3 at $16,530, 2 at $13,540, and 1 at $10,590. Shamefully, there are many American families who must survive on much less. Should this mean that these families are the number one suspects each time there is a crime committed in or around their communities? The connection between poverty and crime has been a controversial object of debate for years and continues to be today. There have been arguments by scholars for both sides of the spectrum. Some feel that those who fall victim of continuous hard times with little hope for help or change would eventually turn to a life of crime to obtain their necessities for survival. My own feelings are that although many were born and raised in poverty, they were reared with integrity and morals and may choose to live their lives as law-abiding citizens. Whatever essentials they can afford they would come by honestly and whatever they cannot afford, they accept living without. But what happens when victims of poverty become suspects of crimes and need court representation? According to the Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution, the accused is guaranteed the right to a lawyer at all important stages of the criminal process. America has an adversary system of justice. A trial is a contest between the prosecutor, who represents the state, and the defense attorney...
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...CONTENTS INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………………….3 SECTION 1 Individual demand for Private good……………………………………………………………...4 SECTION 2 Engel Model OLS Estimtion………………………….………………………………………….6 Empirical Results explanation………………....………………………………………………….8 Analysis of Scale Economies across Different Income Groups……..………………………..…10 SECTION 3 Economies of Scale and Poverty Measure……………………………………………………….12 Economies of Scale and Welfare Comparison…………………….…………………………….13 Implication of Economies of Scale to the Government Welfare Policy..……………………….14 CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………………………………17 REFERENCE….…………………………………….………………………………………………18 APPENDIXES Appendix1. Explanation of Variables…………………………………………………………21 Appendix2. Estimated Results of Engel Curve……………………………………….……….22 Appendix3. Estimated Results of Engel curve without control variables for performing F-Test……….…………………………………22 Appendix4. Estimated Results of Engel Curve for 5 Income Groups…………………………23 Appendix5. OECD Equivalence Scale………………………………………………………...26 INTRODUCTION The paper discusses household resources allocation between jointly consumed goods (public goods) and those consumed individually (private goods); and implication of household scale economies to the government welfare policy. The first section focuses on the derivation of the individual demand function for private good, and the effect of change in household size on private good consumption...
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...1. Introduction Poverty, which is measured by the household income lower than poverty line has been identified as the dependent variable in this project. It is important to know which elements are associated with poverty. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the key determinants of American household poverty in 1980. The four possible determinants will be analyzed in this project, the average numbers of every family (FAMSIZE), URB is the percent of people live in urban, UR is the level of people have no job over 16 years and the median family income in US dollars (INCOME). Descriptive statistics, correlation and regression will be used in this project. 2. Descriptive statistics Variable | Mean | Median | Mode | VAR | STDEV | URB | 58.76034483 | 66.15 | 0 | 1012.828049 | 31.82495953 | FAMSIZE | 3.140172414 | 3.135 | 2.93 | 0.033377163 | 0.182694178 | UR | 9.293103448 | 8.95 | 5.8 | 10.92696915 | 3.30559664 | INCOME | 19240.43103 | 18512 | N/A | 10889936.04 | 329.990309 | POV | 9.120689655 | 9.05 | 8.8 | 6.230792498 | 2.496155544 | 3. Correlation Correlation and regression are techniques for investigating the statistical relationship between two, or more, variables (Barrow, 2013, pp. 238). * Correlation defines the degree to which there is a linear relationship between pairs of variables. Firstly, it is useful to graph the variables to see if anything useful is revealed. In this case, XY graphs are the most suitable and they are shown in following...
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...When thinking of Canada, poverty seldom comes to the forefront of the mind. Indeed, the United Nation’s annual Human Development Report—which ranks countries by quality of living conditions—designated Canada as tenth place out of nearly two hundred countries (2016). However, this does not mean that poverty is not a problem—it simply indicates that Canada fares better in comparison to most other countries. More extreme forms of absolute poverty—referring to the lack of basic needs such as food, shelter, and water—may be absent or minimal, but relative poverty still exists as a serious issue, as it reveals the disparities between various incomes of citizens. In essence, while an entire population may see a rise in their incomes due to their society...
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...Professor Schnell PSC 101 November, 20th 2014 Paper 1 Poverty is a big problem in the world, and also in the United States. Even though the United States is one of the most wealthy and well off first world nations, there are still about 10% of the population that is in poverty. This was found by the 2009 U.S. Bureau of Census Statistics report. In the 2009 U.S. Bureau of Census Statistics report, Hispanics and African Americans have the highest rate of poverty at 21.3 and 22 percent respectably. Compared to Whites which is only 8.4%, there is a large difference. However, being a business major and taking many statistic courses, there are more Whites in poverty. The total percent in poverty is 10% of the population. A total of 303,820 people live in poverty, 197,164 are White-not Hispanic, 38,556 are Black and 48,811 are Hispanic. Looking at this, there are a substantial amount more of White people who live in poverty than Hispanic and Black people combined. I received all of these statistics from http://www.census.gov/prod/2010pubs/p60-238.pdf. As you can see, there are many more white people in poverty. By showing only a percentage it makes it seem like only minorities are in poverty. Even though a higher percentage of them are in poverty there are many more whites who live in poverty. Female lead households also have a higher rate of poverty than male lead households. This is due to the fact that in today’s society, women are still making their way up in the job totem...
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...International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 5, No. 2; February 2015 Assessment of National Poverty Reduction Programmes in Nigeria: A Study of National Poverty Eradication Programme (Napep) Ebonyi State Onwe, Sunday Onwe (Ph.D, Fcai) Nwakamma Michael Chibuzor Department of Public Administration Ebonyi State University Abakaliki Nigeria Abstract The paper sought to assess the National Poverty Reduction Programmes in Nigeria with specific focus on NAPEP Ebonyi State. The study became imperative based on the debilitating effects of poverty which often manifests in loss of hope, aspirations, malnutrition and sometimes sudden death. The startling 69% national poverty level and 73.6% rate in Ebonyi state is a clear indication that poverty is still very high in Nigeria. The study therefore evaluated NAPEP’s performance in the area of human capital development, infrastructure facilities, access to safe drinking water, sanitation and access to basic education which are some of the parameters for measuring poverty level. A descriptive survey design was adopted with a sample population of 400 which spread across the six local governments studied. The major instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire, which was distributed to the respondents and a total number of 380 questionnaire were duly filled and returned representing 95% of the sample population. The data collected was analyzed with statistical tables, percentage calculations...
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...The nature of poverty can be described in many ways. The obvious way to explain poverty is the lack of income. However, in the deeper meaning, poverty also includes those who lack of security, healthcare, power, and other basic necessities. Poverty can be categorised in terms of absolute poverty and relative poverty. Absolute poverty is household based measure by income per year under a statistic developed by government which will aid those who are poor by giving them money depending on the number of members in the family on a yearly basis. While, relative poverty focus on people’s living with no statistic. For instance, if a family has 10 members but they have only 3 cars, they can be regarded as poor. Nevertheless, there are three common methods that use to measure the level of poverty. The first method defines poverty as a lack of income, which can be measured by World Bank. The absolute poverty for this case is a cut up point above or below the certain amount of income. Yet, this method has a major drawback. Since it focuses solely on income and ignoring other important factors such as social well-being or the general welfare of people, this method fails to provide the whole aspect of poverty. Secondly, UNDP measures poverty in terms of the lack of capability. It is known as Human Poverty Index that indicates the standard of living of the people in the country, which are life expectancy, life satisfaction, and footprint. This method provide not only deeper but also broader...
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...Reasons Single Mothers Live in Poverty Tonya Norwood COM/150 February 16, 2014 Shyree Latham Reasons Single Mothers Live in Poverty According to Jennifer Wolf (2014), custodial single mothers are twice as likely to live in poverty as the general population. In 2009, 14 percent of the United States general population lived in poverty. 30 percent of custodial single mothers and their children lived in poverty. Moreover, thirteen million kids live in poverty in the U.S. The children living in poverty are affected in many different ways psychologically, socially, and physically. The federal poverty guideline for a family of four is $23,050.00 and that guideline compares to a median U.S. household income of $50,054.00 (Breslow, 2012). Many of these single mothers living in low income have low education. Nationally, over 80 percent of families headed by a parent without a high school diploma lives in poverty, compared to 54 percent of families headed by a parent a high school diploma, and only 22 percent of families headed by a parent with at least some college education. Single mothers live in poverty because they lack higher education and are products of poverty themselves. Lack of Education Thirty years ago less than twenty percent of birth occurred to single women. Today that number has doubled. At one time race was a huge factor, however. Today, education is a key factor. In 1990, ten percent of birth occurred to white single mothers with...
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...States of America, 4 out of every pregnancy occur in women of younger age. They go ahead to explain that annually, the United States among other countries with high rates of teen pregnancy record approximately one million teenage pregnancy. The purpose of this essay is to provide a claim of evaluation that critically examines the statistics of teenage pregnancy and the relationship between depression and poverty on teenage pregnancy. Given the establishment of how bad the prognosis for teenage pregnancy is, this claim of policy intends to establish the link between this public health issue and depression and poverty. Relationship between Teenage Pregnancy and Poverty One of the steps towards with any issue that appears to be a predicament is to establish the root cause of that particular problem. In this case, therefore, the main purpose of this claim of evaluation is to find out the relationship or link between teenage pregnancy and the victim’s socio-economic status. In as much as it has been named among the consequences of teenage pregnancy, Tripp and Viner (2006) observe that there is a correlation between the teenage pregnancy and high rates of poverty. In as much as teenage pregnancy is said to be prevalence in some countries than others, it is also necessary to be specific and mention that it...
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