...ESSAY 2: Why are some workplace hazards and conditions more readily recognized than others? In particular, discuss the issues of women in the workplace and workplace pollution. Firenze (1978), defines hazard as any existing or potential condition in the workplace that, by itself or interacting with other factors, can result in deaths, injuries, property damage, or other loses. (p. 74) Some workplace hazards and conditions are observable and tangible. These hazards can be easily recognized and identified. A few examples of observable hazards would be an employee not wearing protective equipment, a wire sticking out of a socket, or a pool of water in a hallway. Other workplace hazards and conditions are less readily recognized as they are intangible. They are not as easy to predict, observe, mitigate or prevent. These hazards might include workplace pollution, aggression, abuse, harassment, and violence. While these hazards may not be as easy to predict, observe, mitigate or prevent, they are prevalent in today’s workplace and therefore stakeholders have a duty to ensure that employees are prepared to handle them. 87 years after The Famous Five opened the door to Canadian politics for women; they are still prevalent perceived differences between men and women in the workplace. Women’s physical capacities are still being considered to make them less fit for a job which would traditionally be assigned to men. Women’s occupational illnesses may be thought of to...
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...The Search for an Ecology Paper Topic In the search for a paper topic that relates to Ecology, many possibilities emerged, including, of course, the popular Global Warming and Tropical Rainforest topics, but I wanted something different. Soon it was obvious there is confusion as to what Ecology really is. As our text, “Biology: A Guide to the Natural World,” points out, we should assume that many ecologists are environmentalists, but these are two very different professions. Enter “ecology” in the Google search engine, 739,000 topics related to ecology will appear! Clicking on many of these links will direct you to a Website featuring some “environmental” or “conservation” topic, not an “Ecology” topic. Many people assume that ecology and environmental conservation are one in the same and many of the Websites confirm this assumption. Ecology.com combines both ecological and environmental news and articles which only adds to the confusion; one would think a Website with this title would be an “official” Website featuring only factual information; not so, just as many other “official” sounding titles are not “official” websites! In fact, there are many college educated people, my son for example, with this same mind set. The confusion can be blamed on the media hype over the environmental movement. Not many years ago “go green” brought images of tractors, farm equipment, lawn mowers and the words “John Deere,” but today “go green” has a whole new meaning. It seems the word “green...
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...Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 113 (2006) 1–16 www.elsevier.com/locate/agee Review Arsenic contamination in Bangladesh—An overview M.F. Hossain * Natural Resources Canada, Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, Environmental Monitoring Section, Applications Division, 588 Booth Street, Room 423, Ottawa, Ont., Canada K1A 0Y7 Received 23 December 2004; received in revised form 22 August 2005; accepted 30 August 2005 Available online 26 October 2005 Abstract Bangladesh is currently facing a serious threat to public health, with 85 million people at risk from arsenic (As) in drinking water and in food crops. In Bangladesh, the groundwater As contamination problem is the worst in the world. Ninety-seven percent of the population in the country uses groundwater for drinking and domestic purposes as surfacewater is mismanaged. High levels of As in groundwater are causing widespread poisoning in Bangladesh. Different studies have addressed various aspects of the As issue in Bangladesh. This review is undertaken to give an overview of the latest findings and statistical data on the issue especially on soil, water and food cycle. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a safe limit for As in drinking water of 10 mg LÀ1. A recent survey looked at the As concentrations of drinking water from deep wells in 64 districts in the country and found that 59 had concentrations >10 mg LÀ1 and 43 had concentrations >50 mg LÀ1. Contaminated groundwater is also used for irrigation...
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..........................I List of Figures............................................................................................II List of Figures...........................................................................................III Executive Summary Introduction1 3. Conclusion............................................................................................14 References................................................................................................15 Acronyms ABWR Advanced boiling water reactor APWR Advanced pressurized water reactor EC6 Enhanced CANDU 6 EPR European pressurized reactor ESBWR Economic simplified boiling water reactor ACR-1000 Advanced CANDU reactor CCGT Combine Cycle Gas Turbine VHTR Very-high-temperature reactor SFR Sodium-cooled fast reactor SCWR Supercritical-water-cooled reactor GFR Gas-cooled fast reactor LFR Lead-cooled fast reactor MSR Molten salt reactor IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency SMR Small modular reactor...
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...The Moral Obligation Toward Endangered Wild-life George Michael Olivas American Military University Professor Myers PHIL320 Environmental Ethics July 24th 2013 Abstract The moral agency of a man, all the same, looms ambiguously but more so mirroring an image of self—an image contrary to the ethical framework as it ought relate to the natural world. The premise by which we often grant moral importance to Homo sapiens is the mere membership within that group of species. Naturally the premise carries with it little to no weight and is nearly fallacious. Ethicist Peter Singer prompts humanity on the realism that the only other criteria by which to judge for moral consideration is sentience which definitively applies to broader a species. Sentience, as it is theoretical, is inclusive of moral consideration, "The capacity for suffering and enjoying things is a prerequisite for having interests at all, a condition that must be satisfied before we can speak of interests in any meaningful way (Singer, 1974).” The application of industry leaves a footprint in the delicate ecosystems of the earth which normally espouses a plethora of creatures known to regulate the respective biosphere. Far before humanity wandered to and fro the earth, animal life met extinction by natural causes nevertheless our dominance single-handedly exploits the environment and pollutes far worse than any means of naturalism—subjecting animal life into conditions...
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...the middle of the century, but present day usage of alternative sources of energy is dominated by the developed nations such as the United States, Germany, Spain and Denmark, with Brazil and China leading the leading nations. * Cause of using Possible Alternative Energy all over the World: * It does not seem quite sensible to keep on utilizing the same dirty sources of energy every time, and also keep worrying about them running out. If we think over this, we will come as funny. If we could tame the energy of the water, wind and the sun, we would be living in a world that had an inexhaustible and infinite source of energy. In addition to all these, the energy obtained would also be clean. Also, there would be no potential risks for the environment, and we could live in a world that would be completely free from any detrimental impact on the environment. It is our call to keep the pollution under check, since it is us who ever started the pollution in the first place. The technology that we created earlier was intended to make the energy sources we have now work for us. It is therefore now our responsibility to take proper care of the ecosystem. * The technology that is essential for the utilization of the alternative sources of energy has become quite affordable in these times. This is because more and more number of people is now using it. And for those who are not, this is the perfect time to start doing it. Here's another good thing about using these alternative...
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...greatest achievement of the human spirit is to live up to one's opportunities and make the most of one's resources.” Marquis Vauvenargues (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.mcwdn.org/ECONOMICS/Industry.html This week we will tackle critically important issues related to oil. Where do YOU fit in? Canada + Oil = Who Knew? Check out the top petroleum exporters to the USA....you might be surprised! http://205.254.135.24/pub/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/company_level_imports/current/import.html Oil Spills The Gulf oil spill no longer makes the new cycle but is that a good thing? Check out the current status here: http://www.restorethegulf.gov/ Rainbow Lake, Northern Alberta Canada One of the largest oil spills (on land) in North America was detected May 2012. The pipeline owned by Pace Oil and Gas ruptured. This spill was accidentally detected by a plane flying overhead. To date; more than 22,000 barrels of an oil/water emulsion has leaked. To date; 11% of this emulsion has been recovered. One year ago Plains All American Pipeline ruptured spilling 28,000 barrels of oil into Northern Alberta's forests. Oh! Canada! Pace oil & gas ltd. containment update: Rainbow lake crude emulsion leak. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://finance.yahoo.com/news/pace-oil-gas-ltd-containment-215334343.html Rainbow lake oil spill 2012: 22,000 barrels spill in northwestern part of alberta . (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2012/05/30/rainbow-lake-oil-spill_n_1556622...
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...INTRODUCTION About 150-200 years ago, anthropogenic era begun just when the industrial revolution began producing carbon dioxide and methane at rates sufficient to change their compositions in the atmosphere (Ruddiman, 2003). This increase in greenhouse gases resulted in slow natural loss of terrestrial biomass. Historical research has indicated that human activities play a role in the extinction of numerous large animal species (Roberts et al., 2001). In 1964, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red list was formed for global conservation status of biological species. The species are classified into 9 groups based on rate of decline, population size, area of geographic distribution and degree of population and distribution fragmentation (IUCN, 2017a). This is a valuable list which specifies the global conservation status of plants and animals. One of the 9 classification groups is endangered. Endangered species are defined as species that are facing threats which might lead to extinction in a short time (Botkin & Keller, 2011). As human alterations on earth are becoming substantial and forever growing, habitats of species become altered and destroyed. The disappearance of species leads to loss of ecosystem...
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...basis for a respectful attitude towards living things. If your disenchantment is over the environmental problems and destruction, then the environmental racism byproduct can be regarded as an attempt to reveal to you that we are part of the world collective and that we are in a sense, the world itself. Environmental racism(2) is one of the biggest problems the world faces today. Issues created by corporate polluters produce trouble in the form of economic, as well as, physical. For some individuals and cultures, it affects them every day. Either through direct contact with contaminates in their environment, which has been linked to prenatal births and then later, diseases that are associated with coming in contact with polluted land and water. It is then of my opinion that environmental racism has become an increased problem for the citizens of the world. As a collective member in the thing we call life, this issue needs...
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...United States, Mexico, and Canada (North America) * Strengthened significantly through the NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement since implemented in 1994 * Mexico is the United States 3rd largest trading partner (Villarreal, 2010) * Physical environment and its affect on trade * Middle class citizens live in fear of kidnapping for ransom * Loss of investor confidence in 2008 * Political stability * President, mayor, police chief to keep the peace in Mexico City * Police not readily trusted by citizens (Grillo, 2008) * Economic conditions * Gross Domestic Product is $875 billion which is 6% of America’s GDP (Grillo, 2008) * Mexico is viewed as a manufacturing for export nation (Villarreal, 2010) * Finance options available * Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as a result of Mexico’s liberation in the mid-1980’s (Villarreal, 2010) * Social, health, and environmental conditions * Infrastructure is poor, but plans to improve (Grillo, 2008) * Terrorism threats * Drug dealing since 1995 when the economy crashed * $2 billion trade in bodyguards, alarm systems and bulletproof cars (Grillo, 2008) Country Analysis * Physical environment and its affect on trade * Planning an International Marketing Activities * Social, health, and environmental conditions * Social Indicator * Environmental Health * Water, Air Pollution, and Land * Environmental...
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...the largest and vital industrial sectors of Bangladesh with regard to earning foreign exchange and labor employment, providing 4.5 million jobs of which 80% are women and contributes 13% to GDP. A huge 78 percent of the country’s export earnings come from textiles and apparel, according to the latest figures available. Bangladesh exports its apparel products worth nearly $5 billion per year to the United States, European Union, Canada and other countries of the world. It is the sixth largest apparel supplier to the United States and EU countries. Combined, the textile and apparel sectors consist of 3,600 firms. There is a concentration of manufacturing activity in and around the capital city of Dhaka and a growing garment manufacturing presence in the country’s export processing zones. Environmental hazard arising from textile industry The textile industry, being the second largest industry in the world is also considered as the most ecologically harmful industry. It has been condemned as being one of the world’s worst offenders in terms of pollution. As important as the textile industry is for Bangladesh there’s a hidden cost. This industry involves processing or converting raw material into finished cloth materials...
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...Water – The India Story March 23, 2009 1 Table of Contents Summary Global Water Situation – A Snapshot Water in India Innovative Water Management Initiatives 2 Freshwater rich regions across the globe are projected to face water scarcity if current reserves are not managed effectively Global Freshwater Scenario Global Freshwater reserves are rapidly depleting and this is expected to significantly impact many densely populated areas of the world Low to middle income developing regions as well as highly developed countries will face water stress in the future, unless existing water reserves are managed effectively • Although low and middle income developing countries currently have low per capita water consumption, rapid growth in population and inefficient use of water across sectors is expected to lead to a water shortage in the future • Developed countries traditionally have high per capita water consumption and need to focus on reducing their consumption through improved water management techniques and practices By 2025, India, China and select countries in Europe and Africa will face water scarcity if adequate and sustainable water management initiatives are not implemented Freshwater Situation in India Traditionally, India has been well endowed with large Freshwater reserves, but the increasing population and overexploitation of surface and groundwater over the past few decades has resulted in water scarcity in some regions ...
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...Livestock Domestic sheep and a cow (heifer) pastured together in South Africa Livestock are domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to produce commodities such as food, fiber and labor. This article does not discuss poultry or farmed fish, although these, especially poultry, are commonly included within the meaning of "livestock". Livestock are generally raised for profit. Raising animals (animal husbandry) is a component of modern agriculture. It has been practiced in many cultures since the transition to farming from hunter-gather lifestyles. History Animal-rearing has its origins in the transition of cultures to settled farming communities rather than hunter-gatherer lifestyles. Animals are ‘domesticated’ when their breeding and living conditions are controlled by humans. Over time, the collective behaviour, life cycle, and physiology of livestock have changed radically. Many modern farm animals are unsuited to life in the wild. Dogs were domesticated in East Asia about 15,000 years ago, Goats and sheep were domesticated around 8000 BC in Asia. Swine or pigs were domesticated by 7000 BC in the Middle East and China. The earliest evidence of horse domestication dates to around 4000 BC[1] Older English sources, such as the King James Version of the Bible, refer to livestock in general as "cattle", as opposed to the word "deer", which then was used for wild animals which were not owned. The word cattle is derived from Old North French catel, which meant...
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...Environmental Health Impact Assessment., Evaluation of a Ten-Step Model Rainer Fehr "Environmental impact assessment" denotes the attempt to predict and assess the impact of development projects on the environment. A component dealing specifically with human health is often called an "environmental health impact assessment." It is widely held that such impact assessment offers unique opportunities for the protection and promotion of human health. The following components were identified as key elements of an integrated environmental health impact assessment model: project analysis, analysis of status quo (including regional analysis, population analysis, and background situation), prediction of impact (including prognosis of future pollution and prognosis of health impact), assessment of impact, recommendations, communication of results, and evaluation of the overall procedure. The concept was applied to a project of extending a waste disposal facility and to a city bypass highway project. Currently, the coverage of human health aspects in environmental impact assessment still tends to be incomplete, and public health departments often do not participate. Environmental health impact assessment as a tool for health protection and promotion is underutilized. It would be useful to achieve consensus on a comprehensive generic concept. An international initiative to improve the situation seems worth some consideration. (Epidemiology 1999;10:618625) Keywords:...
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...Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS A TEACHERS’ MANUAL Undergraduate Level By Herminia A. Francisco Bui Dung The Pham Khanh Nam August 2005 1 PREFACE This manual was written to support the teaching of undergraduate environmental economics course in Vietnam Universities. Some time in 2003, a number of senior researchers of the Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA) requested that EEPSEA offers a 3-week training course for teachers of Environmental Economics in the country. The request in turn was precipitated by the new mandate from the Ministry of Education in Vietnam that makes Environmental Economics a required course in all Bachelors’ Degree in Economics and Management for all colleges and universities. Aware that the capacity of teachers to teach Environmental Economics varies across the country as training of teachers varies also from selfstudy, short-term training, to a formal course in an undergraduate/graduate degree from local universities or abroad, EEPSEA acceded to the request and offered the course in August 2005. The course though can be used also in other colleges and universities in Southeast Asia. The training course was designed to teach both the subject matter contained in an internationally-comparable undergraduate environmental course and to enhance teachers’ skills in teaching this subject. A teachers’ manual was developed to support the teaching of the training ...
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