...Organizations are increasingly in a business environment that is characterized by rapid change and increasing performance demands. As a result, organizations face the challenge of accomplishing two, often conflicting objectives: performing well and changing in order to adapt to their business environment. In most cases, the changes they make must be quick, skillfully executed and clearly targeted at implementing an effective business strategy. Change that occurs every few years as part of a special change effort is no longer adequate. It too often is late and disruptive. Change needs to be constant and rapid in order to allow organizations to move at the speed of business. The importance of change in today’s environment virtually guarantees that organizations with do not change will quickly become “corporate dinosaurs”, headed for extinction because they no longer fit the current environment (Lawler and Galbraith, 1994). Change management models are methods by which the processes of change management are implemented. Change is the vein that keeps an organization alive and change management can make or break the organization. The models have been formulated as a result of the successful application of the methods described in them. I have done the research and I will explain the follows descriptive models: Force Field Analysis-Kurt Lewin Kubler-Ross Five Stage Model Stephen Covey: 7 Habits Model Kotter’s 8-Step Model With descriptive models, the role of the Organizational Development...
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...decision of losing weight to get healthy. This decision may sound like “nothing big is going on you are just going to lose some weight”, but in reality, it's a big change in our life because it takes lots of hard work, dedication, and planning. Luck is a dividend of sweat. The more you sweat, the luckier you get.” There are things you need to stop doing in order to succeed. I wrote this article from my personal experience for people who want...
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...processes and the way people perceive, memorize, believe and solve problems. Cognitive is psychology that is relative to human behaviors that focuses on the way people think and such thought process that affect their way of behaviors. Discussion One of my habits is smoking, and I developed this habit due to influence from my peer group at the college. The role models for the smoking habit were some of my friends who used to smoke cigarettes. When I joined the college, I used not to smoke. However, when I joined a group of friends who used to drink and smoke, I found myself smoking too, and it became a daily habit. Some of the people who influenced me to adopt this habit are my roommates. This is because they used to smoke daily when we have left the lecture room going to sleep. They encourage me and I started smoking slowly, but it became a habit. From the National Institute on Drug Abuse (2006), a habit is acquired behavior pattern being developed through constant repetition. Therefore, I kept smoking every day, and the smoking behavior became automatic. I now continue smoking because I am addicted to it. This is because smoking has caused some changes in my body and the way I act to them thus continuing to smoke. The changes in the ways I act have now developed...
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...One of my habits is smoking, and I developed this habit due to influence from my peer many years ago. The role models for the smoking habit were some of my friends who used to smoke cigarettes. When I joined a group of friends who used to smoke, I found myself smoking too, and it is now became a daily habit. They encouraged me and I started smoking slowly, but it became a habit. From the National Institute on Drug Abuse (2006), a habit is acquired behavior pattern being developed through constant repetition. Therefore, I kept smoking every day, and the smoking behavior became automatic. I now continue smoking because I am addicted to it. This is because smoking has caused some changes in my body and the way I act to them thus continuing to smoke. The changes in the ways I act have now developed over time, and these changes have become my smoking habit. For example, when I am stressed, I use cigarettes as an outlet for my frustrations. I am used to a smoking environment where my friends keep on smoking thus making me continue smoking. There has been a time I attempted to break this habit, to no avail. Kleinman and Messina-Kleinman (2000) argue that ignorance is one of the causes that contribute to persistent smoking. The government has tried to raise awareness on smoking, but the tobacco companies have increased advertisement of tobacco. Thus, it is difficult for people to break the habit of smoking. Moreover, tobacco has nicotine that makes one addicted thus making it hard for...
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...three step change theory model – unfreeze, change, freeze JANUARY 21, 2010 BY MIKE MORRISON20 COMMENTS Kurt Lewin three step model change theory Introduction The Kurt Lewin change theory model is based around a 3-step process (Unfreeze-Change-Freeze) that provides a high-level approach to change. It gives a manager or other change agent a framework to implement a change effort, which is always very sensitive and must be made as seamless as possible. The Kurt Lewin model can help a leader do the following three steps: * Make a radical change * Minimize the disruption of the structure’s operations * Make sure that the change is adopted permanently Summary of Kurt Lewin’s Change theory This three step model gives a manager or change agent an idea of what implementing change means when dealing with people. The 3 phases of the Kurt Lewin model provide guidance on how to go about getting people to change: a manager will implement new processes and re-assign tasks, but change will only be effective if the people involved embrace it and help putting it into practice it. Lewin change model – Unfreeze – “ready to change” When a structure has been in place for a while, habits and routine have naturally settled in. The organization as a whole is going in the right direction, but – as shown on the illustration – people or processes may have strayed off course. For example, tasks that are not relevant or useful anymore are still being performed by force of habit, without...
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...Habbit A habit can be defined as any action that we have performed so often that it becomes almost an involuntary response. If one considers a habit to be undesirable, than it may be labeled as a bad habit. Every person has some sort of bad habit and many people want to break them, but it is a very difficult task for most. People spend so much time and even money trying to break these bad habits, but have little success. In order to break these bad habits, a person needs to work very hard to want to change. Change is not easy. It does take hard work and there is no short cut to achieving it. Nancy Schimelpfenig states that the first step in breaking a bad habit is to look at why you find the action so compelling. Is there some kind of payoff for doing these bad habits? If you think about it though, there are payoffs for everything that you do whether good or bad. In order to start breaking bad habits, you need to realize the payoff of it and think if it is something really worth it, or just some k A final solution to breaking bad habits it to substitute another action in for the habit. Doing so will help to focus more on a good thing rather than a bad thing. For example, if you feel tense from something that has happened, and you need to cool off by performing in your bad habit, go out for a walk or jog to cool off instead. For one, it is healthy and good for you, and you will be progressing on breaking your bad habit. In conclusion, there are many good options to...
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...EFFECTIVE STUDY HABITS IN EDUCATIONAL SECTOR: COUNSELLING IMPLICATIONS. OGBODO, Rosemary Ochanya PhD Continuous Education FCT College of Education Zuba. Abuja email: rosemaryochanyaogbodo@yahoo.com Abstract The problem most students have that contributes to their poor performance in tests and examination is lack of proper study habit. For an excellent performance, there is need for the student to form good study habit. A student, who wants to study well, needs to choose a suitable place for his studies. Where to study is as important as what to study and how to go about studying. Productive study habits require learners to prepare personal time-table for themselves allocating a certain length of time for a particular subject, depending on how difficult each subject is. Different methods of studying are well explained here. Key Words: Counselling, Study habits, Reading habits, Education Introduction In School, high academic performance has been attributed to students‟ effective study habits. This is the reason why the teacher tries to adopt many techniques to help the students to learn. There will be a brief explanation of the topic, followed by the need for planning effective study habit programme. A description of the typology of study habits will be supported by recommendation for techniques of effective study habits. The counsellor‟s role in the formation of study habits will form the concluding section. The learner‟s Dictionary has defined study as a “mental effort to obtain...
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...Resistance to Change HRM445-1302A-07 Organizational Change Krashenda Banks-Smalls CTU Online Prof. B. Costa Before we begin to discuss the concept of resistance to change and how it is the principal factor in regards to failure of many change management initiatives, we need to first look at the definition of the term. Resistance to change is considered to be the act of opposing or struggling with changes or modifications that alter the status quo of the workplace. (Heathfield) Resistance to change is one of the main factors that hinder organizational change, because of this it is imperative to recognize and understand why employees resist change. Management of resistance can be challenging to management because resistance can be covert or overt, individualized or organized, aggressive or timid. Employees of companies know what they like and don’t like and can resist changes publicly verbal as well as in writing. They can also resist through the actions they take, verbiage that is used to discuss possible changes and discussions that they have within organizations. It is not important how the resistance manifests itself; it still threatens the success of the change initiative. Resistance to change can slow down how quickly the change is being accepted by the organization. Resistance also has an effect on the way other employees feel at various stages of the implementation process. Resistance to change ultimately affects quality of goods and services, productivity...
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...229 EFFECTIVE STUDY HABITS IN EDUCATIONAL SECTOR: COUNSELLING IMPLICATIONS. OGBODO, Rosemary Ochanya PhD Continuous Education FCT College of Education Zuba. Abuja email: rosemaryochanyaogbodo@yahoo.com Abstract The problem most students have that contributes to their poor performance in tests and examination is lack of proper study habit. For an excellent performance, there is need for the student to form good study habit. A student, who wants to study well, needs to choose a suitable place for his studies. Where to study is as important as what to study and how to go about studying. Productive study habits require learners to prepare personal time-table for themselves allocating a certain length of time for a particular subject, depending on how difficult each subject is. Different methods of studying are well explained here. Key Words: Counselling, Study habits, Reading habits, Education Introduction In School, high academic performance has been attributed to students‟ effective study habits. This is the reason why the teacher tries to adopt many techniques to help the students to learn. There will be a brief explanation of the topic, followed by the need for planning effective study habit programme. A description of the typology of study habits will be supported by recommendation for techniques of effective study habits. The counsellor‟s role in the formation of study habits will form the concluding section. The learner‟s Dictionary has defined study as a “mental effort to...
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...Pharis Muchai Wambui Sample Essay Paper May 25, 2016 Towards Achieving Good and Effective Study Habits Success is a common notion that every student seeks to achieve. However, the majority of students fail to realize this goal due to lack of effective study habits. A common question asked to students on how they prepare for their exams their answer can be summed up to reading through their notes. It is important that these students develop structured studying habits to ensure that they achieve success. The steps for effective studying have been outlined in the following steps. First, it is important to note that good studying occurs on a daily basis. A major activity for good studying is taking good notes. Good notes can be described as neat and comprehensive with well-structured points and ideas. Second, it is important for students to be actively involved in their classrooms. Students should change their mentality from being in class to be taught to the mentality of being in class to learn. Active students mainly participate in classroom discussions, answer and ask questions for clarity (Fancher 1). Third, it is important for students to review their notes on a daily basis. Reviewing of materials after learning increases he retention capacity while assisting the student to minimize the time spent while preparing for the exams. Additionally, it helps the students to identify unclear points and ask for clarifications during the next lesson (Fancher 1). Fourth, it is...
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...managers that a government inspector stated he would be willing to approve a violation of a new law, based on new local health codes, by one of Sandwich Blitz locations, in exchange for catering services to his department’s holiday party. In this particular situation, the first demonstration of integrity has already been displayed by the location’s manager with the mere fact of him reporting the incident to Dalman and Lei. But the integrity test does not end there, in fact, that is just the beginning. In Sherman’s article Rethinking Integrity, one of the eight steps towards integrity is stated as “Doing the right thing: With the awareness of what’s right comes the obligation of right action. That means embodying our convictions—and accepting the consequences”. Based on Sherman’s Eight Steps towards Integrity, on his article Rethinking Integrity Leader to Leader, the manager at this location demonstrated one of the eight steps by doing the right thing. On reporting the issue instead of accepting the offer to bribe the inspector he is fulfilling his obligation of right action. J.C. Watts said “Character is doing the right thing when nobody's looking. There are too many people who think that the only thing that's right is to get by, and the only thing that's wrong is to get caught”. This manager could have gone along with the bribery and probably save himself a lot of hassles, procedures, and paper work that are now going to come out from correcting the issue at hand. Even though he...
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...sociologists describe culture as an adoption and process of behavioral patterns that influence people within a society. Cultural factors that play a key role in the increase of obesity within the Japanese population are; attitudes and customs. Japan’s cultural and eating habits has for many years included a seafood-based cuisine, rice and fresh vegetables. Japanese food portions are smaller compared to American portions and simply prepared with fresh ingredients. 50 Years ago a stable meal consisted of soup and rice three meals a day. With the adaption of Westernized eating habits, Japanese are eating bigger portions for breakfast, eating lighter lunch and having a big dinner. With the influence of bigger portions, Japanese are increasing their diets with more sweets and fatty calorie rich foods. With a change in life styles and a more westernized eating habits, there has be an increase on childhood obesity within the last decade. Japanese children’s eating habits include more intakes of fast food burgers, fried foods and instant noodles, instead of their older generation of fish, rice and soup. Japan has been known as the Country with the longest-living population, with the rise of diabetes, this can change Japan’s status as having the world’s highest...
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...My personal challenge with pessimistic and procrastinating habits In the lecture, we discussed about the pessimistic explanatory style and optimistic explanatory style. These two distinct explanatory styles led completely different form of results in terms of individual performances; the discussion of these explanatory styles was previously proven with various stunning statistics. In 1987, Kamen and Seligman studied on predicted grade point average for the University of Pennsylvania freshmen. Students with overachieving explanatory style have gotten greater grade point average than those of students with underachieving explanatory style (Kamen and Seligman, presented in lecture). Intrigued by the information, I investigated my own problematic explanatory style and related negative results. I hope to identify my own behaviors, feelings, thoughts, and changes in both psychological and neurological perspectives. As my graduation-time comes closer, I had to make a big decision of my life. It was my life changing decision of whether I stay in the United States or go back in my home country. Frankly, I have already made a decision to go back to South Korea a while ago. Yet, I was often confused and nervous about the decision that I have made because of my explanatory style. Since I do not have a plan other than preparing for a graduate school from the moment I leave the school, I know it would be better for me to have optimistic beliefs constantly reminding myself, “I will be okay...
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...Action Plan To address the problem of childhood obesity, the overall goal of this Action Plan is to educate parents of the importance of eating healthy and implementing activity into the schedule of their family. This will be implemented with pamphlets and classes offered. The goal is to improve the overall health of the entire family and have these healthy habits carry over to the next generation. The first recommendation is to teach parents healthy habits such as eating healthier and being more active... This approach will address the problem because parent's attitudes toward healthy behaviors have a direct impact on their families. Parents will model positive eating habits, adding more activity in their day, this will create a healthy...
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...and Practice Exam Preparation Resources Module 7: Change, leadership, and interpersonal skills Overview In this module you study the process of change in organizations and how managers can facilitate, measure, and evaluate that change. Change has become a constant rather than sporadic occurrence in the business world. There are many reasons, not the least of which is the changing environment in which organizations operate. Over the past three decades, advances in technology, especially telecommunications, have revolutionized how the world does business and the pace at which it does business. You can now deal with customers and competitors 24 hours a day if you choose. Add to that economic and political changes that favour trade liberalization across and within borders, a more mobile workforce, increasing numbers of consumers with enough buying power and interest in new products and services to reward innovation and risk-taking, and the added complexity of an increasingly volatile financial and economic environment. Accounting standards and financial management techniques are changing to keep pace. This is the world of business today — fast-paced and around the clock, trying to stay abreast of developments and keep one step ahead of the global competition. In such an environment, the manner in which organizations embrace and manage change can be the difference between success and failure. Change is here whether we like it or not — how we deal with it determines...
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