...diversification, and other financial and operational synergies. While proponents of bank mergers argue that these gains are substantial, Coase (1937) tells us that tradeoffs exist between economies of scale (size) and ability to manage. In addition to the significant increase in mergers we have witnessed the collapse of countless financial institutions in the past 3 years due to bad lending practices. While the Coase theory applies to firms in general, how well does it apply to financial institutions? Additionally, has the increased size of financial institutions contributed to the financial crisis of 2008? This paper investigates the economic role of bank mergers in creating shareholder value based on the idea that shareholder wealth will increase if the consolidation leads to the aforementioned gains. This paper is divided into seven sections. The second section of my paper provides an academic review of the literature, focusing on econometric theory that tests the gains in shareholder value and corporate synergies after a merger. The third section introduces a conceptual...
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...INFORMAL LABOUR MARKETS AS A SOLUTION FOR UNEMPLOYMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA – A CASE STUDY OF CAR GUARDS IN BLOEMFONTEIN1. P F BLAAUW Department of Economics Rand Afrikaans University L J BOTHMA Independent Labour Economist ABSTRACT The car guard industry in South Africa evolved out of the plight of the unemployed. Very little research has been done on the industry in South Africa. The first objective of this paper is to address the lack of research and the second is to determine whether the car guard industry can provide a solution to the problem of unemployment. Car guards involved in this study were found to be generally low skilled, earning low income and working under harsh conditions for long hours. The majority of them held formal sector employment before becoming unemployed. Car guarding is not a solution to the plight of the unemployed. Training and skill development supplemented by accelerated economic growth are vital to bridge the gap between the formal and informal sectors. OPSOMMING Die motorwag-industrie in Suid Afrika het onstaan uit die lot van die massa werkloses in die land. Weinig navorsing is al oor die industrie gedoen. Die doelwit van die referaat is eerstens om die gebrek aan navorsing aan te vul en tweedens om te bepaal of die motorwagindustrie ‘n oplossing vir die probleem van werkloosheid kan bied. Motorwagte in die studie is oor die algemeen laag geskoold, swak besoldig en werksaam vir lang ure onder moeilike omstandighede. Die meeste het...
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...Stock Price Sensitivity to Dividend Changes ∗ Cesare Fracassi Department of Finance - UCLA Anderson School of Management Email Address: cesare.fracassi.2009@anderson.ucla.edu First Draft April 4th , 2007 Current Draft: July 29, 2008 Abstract This paper examines the stock price sensitivity to dividend changes. The Dividend Signaling, the Free-Cash-Flow, the Maturity and the Catering Hypotheses all predict an average positive (negative) reaction to announcement of a dividend increase (decrease). However, these hypotheses have different cross-sectional predictions. This paper documents that the positive stock price response to dividend increases is due primarily to the signaling of higher future earnings, to the managers catering to the time-varying premium assigned by the market to dividend paying stocks, and partially to the reduction of agency problems. On the contrary, the negative price response to dividend decreases is mainly due to the transition from a mature life-cycle stage to a decline stage with higher systematic risk, as maintained by the Maturity Hypothesis. Keywords: Dividend; Signaling; Overinvestment; Life-Cycle. JEL Classification Numbers: G14, G35. ∗ I would like to thank Albert Sheen for his constant support and excellent insights. I would also like to thank Antonio Bernardo, my mentor over the years, and Mark Garmaise and Walter Torous for their helpful comments. All errors are mine. 1 1 Introduction The impact of...
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...GM also operated the brand names of Saturn, Pontiac, and Hummer until 2009. During this time, GM was emerging from chapter 11 bankruptcy as a result of the 2008 financial crisis, and decided to shed those brands for strategic reasons in order to compete with foreign emerging vehicle distributers in the market. In January 1912, the company decided to incorporate themselves under the GM brand name, and were the gold standard in the automobile industry for almost 80 years. From 1931-2007, GM successfully led global sales amongst every car manufacturer in the auto-manufacturing industry. Currently, the automobile industry is one of the most fierce industries in the market. Not only is GM competing with American car manufacturers such as Ford and Dodge, but also foreign companies such as Toyota, Honda, and Hyundai. II. Financial Statements (attached excel sheet) Anthony Brooks For: Professor Goncalves Corporate Finance FIN-325 Final Exam Paper 12/3/2014 III. Financial Ratios Liquidity: Current Ratio: 1.31 Quick Ratio: 1.08 Cash Ratio: .48 The Current Ratio of 1.31 means that GM has more assets than liabilities. The higher the ratio the bigger the gap between assets and liabilities. The quick ratio measures liquid assets. The ratio of 1.08 means that GM has $1.08 of liquid assets for every one dollar of liabilities. The...
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...RESEARCH PAPER ACCOUNTING 483 - FEDERAL TAX Section 01 1st Research Paper Fall 2011 Due Wednesday, October 26, 2011 Speedy Karr is the used car sales manager of Fast Talking Ed's Car Sales, a local new and used car dealership in Moscow, Idaho. Speedy Karr’s income is about $80,000 a year from his salary and bonus (his bonus is a percentage of the net income of the dealership). In addition to his income from Fast Talking Ed's, Speedy also has income from rentals of about $15,000 a year. Speedy's wife, Holiday, is employed, earning about $65,000 a year. Several years ago, Speedy became interested in auto car racing. In 2008, Speedy purchased a used car, which he converted into a racing stock car. The cost of the car, and the modifications made to it, cost Speedy about $75,000, which is being depreciated over a fiveyear life (using I.R.C. § 168). Speedy incurred additional expenses for the purchase of small tools, racing supplies, travel costs, etc. In 2008, Speedy begin entering the Spokane auto races. Because his job at Fast Talking Ed's required him to work at least one Saturday every month, Speedy was not able to enter all of the races held in Spokane, but did enter as many as possible. Spokane holds races every weekend from the first part of April through the end of September. Speedy had some success in winning races, but because of the limited number of races Speedy could enter and the limited purse, his gross income was only about $50 the first year, $125 the second year...
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...January 2007 Abstract Almost 27% of the CEOs in a sample of 790 newly partially privatized firms in China are former or current government bureaucrats. Firms with politically connected CEOs underperform those without politically connected CEOs by almost 18% based on three-year post-IPO stock returns and have poorer three-year post-IPO earnings growth, sales growth, and change in returns on sales. The negative effect of the CEO’s political ties also show up in the first-day stock return. Finally, firms led by politically connected CEOs are more likely to appoint other bureaucrats to the board of directors rather than directors with relevant professional backgrounds. r 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification: G34; L33; P31 Keywords: Political connections; Corporate governance; IPO performance; Partial privatization; China We appreciate helpful comments from Stijn Claessens, Mara Faccio, Simon Johnson, Florencio Lopez-deSilanes, John McConnell, Randall Morck, Harold Mulherin, Sheridan Titman, Yijiang Wang, Mengxin Zhao, an anonymous referee, and participants in the 2003 ‘‘The Management and Performance of China’s Domestic Private Firms: Multi-Disciplinary Perspectives’’ Research Progress Workshop at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the 2004 Hitotsubashi University Corporate Governance Conference, the 2004 Asian Finance Association Conference...
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...sufficient funding. As such, the organization has not been in a position to fully exploit the UAE market. The company also has to deal with high cost of operations. Importation activities require firms to pay for shipping and loading charges for the goods. The importer also has to incur insurance charges. The costs result in an increase in the cost of commodities making them undesirable to customers. Delays in payment also make it difficult for the company to replenish its stock. Outline 1. Executive Summary 2. Introduction 3. Literature Review a) An Overview of the Emirates Motor Company’s Import Business b) History of Importation of Mercedes Benz Automobiles from Germany to the UAE c) External Analysis of the World Automobile Industry d) External Analysis of the Trade between the UAE and Germany in Automobiles e) Internal Analysis of the Emirates Motor Company (EMC) 4. Methodology 5. Results 6. Discussion Challenges Facing Mercedes Benz UAE in the Export of Cars to Iran Introduction Mercedes Benz is a Germany based manufacturer of automobiles. It is a division of Daimler AG. Mercedes Benz as a brand engages in the manufacture of a wide variety of automobiles which range from...
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...Eddie Joseph Strategic Audit on Ford Business 480 April 26th 2014 STRATEGIC AUDIT ON FORD MOTORS INC. Welcome to the presentation on Ford Motors Inc. This paper was written by Eddie E. Joseph. He is a student at National University currently working on his undergraduate degree. This BUS 480 course started on Tuesday, April 8th 2014 and will conclude on Sunday, May 4th 2014. As a senior working on a bachelor’s degree in business administration, Eddie looks forward to the challenges that he will face. Like the challenge presented in this strategic audit on Ford. This paper is broken up into segments, and organized in different sections within that segment’s topic. This paper will try to answer all questions about Ford in the most thorough way possible. Without further ado, let’s break down the current situation. I. Current Situation- Ford has been around for many years, spanning multiple countries. As a global heavy hitter, Ford has sustained a lucrative business practice in the motor industry, even outlasting the economic depression. When reviewing the present day stats, Ford will still prove to be one of the premier automotive companies in the United States and continue to expand around the world. A. Capital Structure- Ford has come a long way in recent years. After a difficult year...
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...Marsh The effect of lenders' credit risk transfer activities on borrowing firms' equity returns Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 31 • 2006 Suomen Pankki Bank of Finland P.O.Box 160 FI-00101 HELSINKI Finland + 358 10 8311 http://www.bof.fi Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 31 • 2006 Ian W Marsh* The effect of lenders’ credit risk transfer activities on borrowing firms’ equity returns The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Bank of Finland. * Cass Business School, London, and Bank of Finland. E-mail: i.marsh@city.ac.uk. This paper was written while the author was visiting the Research Unit of the Bank of Finland. The Bank’s hospitality was exemplary and I am grateful to participants at the Research Unit’s Summer Workshop, the Bank of Finland Economics Seminar, Iftekhar Hasan, Tuomas Takalo, and Wolf Wagner for comments. Susan Yuska at the Chicago Fed was very helpful in guiding me through the Bank Holding Company Database. http://www.bof.fi ISBN 978-952-462-340-7 ISSN 0785-3572 (print) ISBN 978-952-462-341-4 ISSN 1456-6184 (online) Helsinki 2006 The effect of lenders’ credit risk transfer activities on borrowing firms’ equity returns Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 31/2006 Ian W Marsh Monetary Policy and Research Department Abstract Although innovative credit risk transfer techniques help to allocate risk more optimally, policymakers...
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...1163 경영학연구 제40권 제5호 2011년 10월(pp. 1163~1184) Is Cash better than Equity as Takeover Payment? - Learning from Korean Cases Seong-Ho Cho Professor, College of Business Administration Hongik University (shcho11@hongik.ac.kr) ……………………………………………………………………………… This paper examines the relationship between the abnormal stock returns upon announcement and the choice of takeover payment methods, say, cash or equity, for the Korean mergers and acquisitions during 1996-2008 in which for some period, say, 1996-2000, liquidity is very scarce and market is uncertain. We test two hypotheses; first, whether equity payments reduce bidders’ firm value; second, whether cash payments are more (or less) likely preferred by the target shareholders who are facing high uncertainty. Unlike US experience, we fail to find statistical evidence that equity offers reduce bidders’ firm value. Further, while the bidder shareholders gain on average wealth of 1.8% from the M&A transactions, whether they pay in cash or equity, they earn positive 0.1% or 3.5% gain, respectively. These results contradict to the conventional asymmetric information model where market valuation of bidder’s equity plays an important role for the determination of payment alternatives. While examining the wealth gains of target shareholders, we find statistical evidence that cash payments are preferred to equity payments. Further, if they are paid by cash (equity), they earn 6.2% (-5.1%) gain. We conclude that under the liquidity-scarce...
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...ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY DIRECTORATE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION M.B.A. FIRST YEAR Academic Year : 2015 - 2016 ASSIGNMENT TOPICS This booklet contains assignment topics. Students are asked to write the assignments for EIGHT papers as per instructions. Last date for submission : Last date for submission with late fee ` 300/- : 29-02-2016 15-03-2016 NOTE: 1. Assignments sent after 15-03-2016 will not be evaluated. 2. Assignments should be in the own handwriting of the student concerned and not type-written or printed or photocopied. 3. Assignments should be written on foolscap paper on one side only. 4. All assignments (with Enrolment number marked on the Top right hand corner on all pages) should be put in an envelop with superscription “MBA Assignments” and sent to The Director, Directorate of Distance Education, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar – 608 002 by Registered post. 5. No notice will be taken on assignments which are not properly filled in with Enrolment Number and the Title of the papers. 6. Students should send full set of assignments for all papers. Partial assignments will not be considered. ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS Write assignments on any TWO topics in each paper out of the FOUR. For each Topic the answer should not exceed 15 – pages. Each assignment carries 25 marks (2 topics). Dr.S.PUGAZHENDHI DIRECTOR 2 1.1 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT 1. “Planning is looking ahead, and Control is looking back”. Comment. 2. Why do most...
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...Business School, Boston, MA 02163, e-mail: skedia@hbs.edu. This paper combines the results of two earlier papers: “Does performance-based compensation explain restatements” by Natasha Burns and “Do Executive Stock Options Generate Incentives for Earnings Management? Evidence from Accounting Restatements” by Simi Kedia. We thank Jean Helwege, Andrew Karolyi, and René Stulz for their comments and advice. We also thank Jim Hsieh, Kose John, Steven Kaplan, Kevin Murphy, Prabhala, Jeremy Stein, Christof Stahel, Ralph Walking, Karen Wruck, David Yermack, participants at the 2003 NBER Universities Research Conference of Corporate Governance, the 2004 AFA Meetings in San Diego, seminars at Arizona State University, Baruch College, Indiana University, Ohio State University, Penn State University, Rice University, Rutgers University, Southern Methodist University, University of Georgetown, University of Houston, University of Illinois, and University of Pittsburgh for helpful comments. All errors are the responsibility of the authors. The Impact of performance-based compensation on misreporting Abstract This paper examines the effect of CEO compensation contracts on misreporting. We find that the sensitivity of the CEO’s option portfolio to stock price is significantly positively related to the propensity to misreport. We do not find that the sensitivity of other components of CEO compensation, i.e., equity, restricted stock, long-term incentive payouts and salary and bonus have any significant...
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...project documents and describes the buying and selling of stocks that we purchased using $ 100,000 USD (Monopoly money) given to us by our instructor. Our assignment was to invest the stock in any way seen best fit to gain the most profit. We were to track our stocks three times a week and document the results using Microsoft Excel. The requirements for the assignment were to include two stock trades and to try to make our portfolio diverse using different sectors. The purpose of this project is to understand how the stock market works, and give us a better understanding of how the stock market operates. As a beginning investor, I tried to keep my initial stocks as an even investment for the most part. I invested my money into stocks that I felt would be successful and I knew that I would spend my own money on to help the stock increase. The attached Excel spreadsheets will describe in detail the beginning investment, the first and second adjustment, and my final outcome including my total gains/losses. To complete the project, my stocks were sold for me to cash out and my results were documented. Introduction At the beginning of this project, I felt very confident in being able to make a profit by the end of the class by just picking the most popular- trendy companies that were available in the market for a decent price. Without even looking at the history of the company or doing research on the price history at the leaset. My strategy was solely...
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...Joshua Herrick Problem solving theory Unit 2 research paper 1 Self-sustaining power One of the most common problems with the world today is to fine an alternate power source for us to use. Cars have been the starting point for this. There is always going to be a need to find some way to sustain transpiration. There has been test with natural gas, ethanol, propane, and electricity. All have their positives and negatives, but I feel that electricity has not been fully thought throw. If a car is a two wheel drive there is wasted energy on the free spending wheels. If someone was to make a car that was able to produce its own power at a cost effective set up there would be no need to keep consuming fossil fuels. My idea is a simple but effective idea. With the two wheels that spin freely add a turbine to them. That way when you are moving you are making your power to recharge your batteries. All cars would have a zero emissions. The carbon foot print from plugging the car in would be reduced if not eliminated. Since the car would not have to be charged as long if it needed to be at all. The down side to this is that with the way the world works most car companies have money in stock of oil. So to make a way that would drop oil out of the market would be bad for their business. So for a car to never need anything will never be made without a fight from the major companies. Without the backing of these companies any car made will not make it. This is the most...
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...The Effect Of Capital Structure When Expected Agency Costs Are Extreme The Effect of Capital Structure when Expected Agency Costs are Extreme Harvey, C.R. Lins, K.V. Roper, A.H. Journal of Financial Economics 74 (2004) 3-30 RESEARCH MOTIVATION The objective of this paper is, using international evidenceto investigate whether debt can mitigate the effects of agency and information problems. Prior theoretical research has shown that debt can be used to align managers’ interest. More specifically, when a meaningful conflict exists between outside shareholders and management due to the separation of ownership and control, debt helps to discourage overinvestment of free cash flow by self-serving managers (Jensen Meckling [1976], Jensen [1986] Stulz [1990] and else). Moreover, even without conflicting interest, debt gives management the opportunity to signal its willingness to pay out cash flows or be monitored by lenders or both, and thus to show that they do not or will not overinvest (Ross [1977] and else). Benefits to debt could be greater (1) when management has a large base of assets in place that it can exploit, because assets in place generate cash flow that can lead to either overinvestment or the outright diversion of corporate funds (Jensen [1986] and else) or (2) when management has few future growth opportunities, because when a firm has expected future growth opportunities, debt can limit management’s ability to pursue positive net present value projects, leading...
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